PF-04991532
Based on 1 Customer Validation
PF-04991532 is a potent, hepatoselective glucokinase activator with EC50s of 80 and 100 nM in human and rat, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.42%
- CAS No.: 1215197-37-7
- Formula: C18H19F3N4O3
- Molecular Weight:396.36
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
EC50: 80 nM (glucokinase in human), 100 nM (glucokinase in rat)[1]
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatocyte | EC50 |
0.19 μM
Compound: 19
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Induction of glucokinase translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm in cryopreserved rat hepatocytes after 1 hr by Hoechst staining-based fluorescence microscopic analysis
Induction of glucokinase translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm in cryopreserved rat hepatocytes after 1 hr by Hoechst staining-based fluorescence microscopic analysis
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[PMID: 22196621] |
| INS1 | EC50 |
6900 nM
Compound: 19
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Activation of glucokinase in rat INS-1 cells assessed as stimulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion
Activation of glucokinase in rat INS-1 cells assessed as stimulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion
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[PMID: 22196621] |
PF-04991532 is a potent, hepatoselective glucokinase activator with EC50s of 80 nM in human and 100 nM in rat and also a Phase 2 clinical candidate. Mechanistic experiments conducted in freshly isolated primary rat hepatocytes treated for 1 hour with PF-04991532 show increased 2-[14C]-deoxyglucose uptake (EC50 =1.261 μM) and increased glucose oxidation (EC50=5.769 μM). Additionally, PF-04991532 decreases the production of glucose from 1-[14C]-lactate in a dose dependent manner (EC50 =0.626 μM). In isolated rat hepatocytes, PF-04991532 increases the expression of G6Pase compare to cells treated only with 100 nM glucagon, and the greatest increase in G6Pase mRNA expression is in the presence of 25 mM glucose, 100 nM glucagon and PF-04991532[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1215197-37-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 396.36
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Formula C18H19F3N4O3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(C1=CC=C(NC([C@@H](N2C=C(C(F)(F)F)N=C2)CC3CCCC3)=O)N=C1)O
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 125 mg/mL (315.37 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.25 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.25 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Primary rat hepatocytes are used to determine the expression of G6Pase. 50,000 freshly isolated rat hepatocytes are incubated in Williams E media overnight supplemented with 100 nM dexamethasone, 1×ITS, and 1×PenStrep. The following morning the media is aspirated, and changed to DMEM no glucose media supplemented with either 5 mM glucose, 25 mM glucose, 1 µM insulin, 100 nM glucagon, or 10 µM PF-04991532. Following 2 hours the media is aspirated, washed twice, and 100 µL of RLT is added to the cells. RNA is extracted with a RNeasy kit[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
13 week old male Goto Kakizaki rats with in-dwelling carotid artery and jugular vein catheters are used in this study. Surgeries are performed one day before shipping. Upon arrival, animals are individually housed, allowed ad libitum chow, and acclimated to their new environment for 6 to 7 days. Animals are randomly assigned either a 100 mg/kg PF-04991532 treatment or vehicle control treatment and orally gavaged at 5 mL/kg. On the day of the experiment, 0.5% Methyl cellulose vehicle is used in vehicle-treated rats. Studies are performed in unstressed, awake, chronically catheterized rats using the insulin clamp technique, in combination with [3-3H] glucose. At the end of the in vivo studies, rats are euthanized[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (251 KB)
- English - EN (251 KB)
- Français - FR (251 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (251 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (251 KB)
- Español - ES (251 KB)
- Swedish - SV (251 KB)
- Italian - IT (251 KB)
- Korean - KR (251 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (251 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.5230 mL | 12.6148 mL | 25.2296 mL | 63.0740 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5046 mL | 2.5230 mL | 5.0459 mL | 12.6148 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2523 mL | 1.2615 mL | 2.5230 mL | 6.3074 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1682 mL | 0.8410 mL | 1.6820 mL | 4.2049 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1261 mL | 0.6307 mL | 1.2615 mL | 3.1537 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1009 mL | 0.5046 mL | 1.0092 mL | 2.5230 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0841 mL | 0.4205 mL | 0.8410 mL | 2.1025 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0631 mL | 0.3154 mL | 0.6307 mL | 1.5768 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0505 mL | 0.2523 mL | 0.5046 mL | 1.2615 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0420 mL | 0.2102 mL | 0.4205 mL | 1.0512 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0315 mL | 0.1577 mL | 0.3154 mL | 0.7884 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0252 mL | 0.1261 mL | 0.2523 mL | 0.6307 mL |
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