Cylindrospermopsin

Name: Cylindrospermopsin
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-121360
Rating: 4.5 (1 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-121360 Purity: 98.76%: Data Sheet
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Cylindrospermopsin, a cyanotoxin, is a polycyclic uracil derivative containing guanidine and sulfate groups, which can inhibit protein synthesis and covalently modify DNA or RNA. Cylindrospermopsin induces hepatocellular hypertrophy, renal cellular hypertrophy, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA strand breaks, mitochondrial hyperpolarisation, ultrastructural damage, and altered gene expression in liver, kidney, and intestinal cells. Cylindrospermopsin can be used in research including hepatocellular carcinoma and water quality testing.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Cylindrospermopsin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 143545-90-8

Size	Stock	Quantity
50 μg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 μg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
500 μg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

In Vitro

Cylindrospermopsin induces micronucleus formation and whole chromosome loss in transformed human lymphoblastoid cells in vitro, indicating mutagenicity^[2].
Cylindrospermopsin (0.3-40 μg/mL; 24-48 h) induces concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells, with MTS reduction being the most sensitive endpoint (EC₅₀ of 2.5 μg/mL at 24 h and 0.6 μg/mL at 48 h)^[3].
Cylindrospermopsin (0.625-2.5 μg/mL; 24 h) modulates oxidative stress markers in Caco-2 cells, increasing ROS at 1.25 μg/mL and GCS activity and GSH content at 2.5 μg/mL after 24 h exposure^[3].
Cylindrospermopsin (0.625-2.5 μg/mL; 24-48 h) induces ultrastructural morphological alterations in Caco-2 cells at both 0.625 μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL after 24 h and 48 h exposure, including nucleolar segregation, mitochondrial damage, and lipid degeneration^[3].
Cylindrospermopsin (0.05-0.5 μg/mL; up to 5 h) induces dose- and time-dependent intracellular ROS formation in HepG2 cells, with a ~5-fold increase at 0.5 μg/mL after 5 h of exposure^[4].
Cylindrospermopsin (0.125-0.5 μg/mL; 4, 12, 24 h) induces non-oxidative DNA strand breaks in HepG2 cells at 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL after 12 and 24 h of exposure, with no oxidative DNA damage detected^[4].
Cylindrospermopsin (0.125-0.5 μg/mL; 12, 24 h) does not induce apoptosis or increase cell death in HepG2 cells at concentrations up to 0.5 μg/mL after 12 or 24 h of exposure^[4].
Cylindrospermopsin (0.25-0.5 μg/mL; 12, 24 h) induces mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization in HepG2 cells at 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL after 12 h, and at 0.5 μg/mL after 24 h of exposure^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Cytotoxicity Assay^[3]

Cell Line:	human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells
Concentration:	0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/mL
Incubation Time:	24 h; 48 h
Result:	Reduced total protein content by up to 50% at 40 μg/mL (24 h) and above 2.5 μg/mL (48 h). Decreased neutral red uptake by up to 45% at highest concentrations (24 h) and significantly at 5 μg/mL (48 h). Showed progressive concentration-dependent decreases in MTS reduction; reduced viability by about 90% at 40 μg/mL. Reported EC₅₀ values for MTS reduction of 2.5 μg/mL (24 h) and 0.6 μg/mL (48 h).

Apoptosis Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:	HepG2
Concentration:	0.125-0.5 μg/mL
Incubation Time:	12, 24 h
Result:	Observed no significant differences in total cell death (Annexin V or PI positive cells) or the number of early/late apoptotic cells.

In Vivo

Cylindrospermopsin (75-300 μg/kg/d; p.o.; daily; 90 days) induces dose-dependent hepatic and renal toxicity in CD-1 mice, with males more sensitive to renal end points, and no observed adverse effect level identifiable at any tested dose^[1].
Cylindrospermopsin (500-1500 mg/kg; p.o.; 1-3 doses separated by 2 weeks) shows potential tumour initiation activity in mice, with a relative risk of 6.2 for neoplastic processes^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	CD-1 (Swiss-Webster) (male and female, 30 days old at dosing start)^[1]
Dosage:	75, 150, 300 μg/kg/d
Administration:	p.o.; daily; 90 days
Result:	Increased absolute and relative liver weights and kidney weights at all doses in males and at 150, 300 μg/kg/d in females; increased absolute and relative testes weights at 300 μg/kg/d in males. Elevated male ALT activity by 64% at 300 μg/kg/d; decreased male BUN at all doses; decreased male cholesterol at 150, 300 μg/kg/d; decreased male triglycerides at 300 μg/kg/d; elevated female ALP activity by 38% at 300 μg/kg/d. Decreased male hematocrit, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count at 300 μg/kg/d; increased male leukocyte count at 300 μg/kg/d; increased male lymphocyte count at 75, 300 μg/kg/d; increased male monocyte count at 75, 300 μg/kg/d; increased female monocyte count at 300 μg/kg/d. Induced significant liver lesions (hepatic cord distortion, hepatocyte hypertrophy, cell death, inflammation, pigment accumulation) in all treated groups; induced significant kidney lesions (tubule dilation, basophilia, intraluminal protein, epithelial alteration, nuclear crowding, outer medulla thinning) in all male doses and 150, 300 μg/kg/d in females.

Animal Model:	Swiss Albino (male, 20-30 g)^[2]
Dosage:	1500 mg/kg; 500 mg/kg
Administration:	p.o.; 1 or 2 doses (1500 mg/kg) separated by 2 weeks; 3 doses (500 mg/kg) separated by 2 weeks
Result:	Detected neoplastic processes in 5 of 53 treated mice, including 2 hepatocellular dysplastic foci, 1 fibroblastic osteosarcoma, 1 hepatocellular carcinoma, and 1 follicular centre cell lymphoma; calculated a relative risk of 6.2 compared to saline-treated controls.

Molecular Weight

415.42

Formula

C₁₅H₂₁N₅O₇S

CAS No.

143545-90-8

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to light yellow

SMILES

O[C@H]([C@]1([H])N=C2N([C@@](CN2)([H])[C@@H](C)[C@@H](OS(=O)(O)=O)C3)[C@@]3([H])C1)C(NC4=O)=CC(N4)=O

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 98.76%

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Data Sheet (282 KB) SDS (644 KB)

COA (254 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Chernoff N, et al. Cylindrospermopsin toxicity in mice following a 90-d oral exposure. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2018;81(13):549-566. [Content Brief]

[2]. Falconer IR, et al. Preliminary evidence for in vivo tumour initiation by oral administration of extracts of the blue-green alga cylindrospermopsis raciborskii containing the toxin cylindrospermopsin. Environ Toxicol. 2001;16(2):192-195. [Content Brief]

[3]. Gutiérrez-Praena D, et al. Biochemical and pathological toxic effects induced by the cyanotoxin Cylindrospermopsin on the human cell line Caco-2. Water Res. 2012;46(5):1566-1575. [Content Brief]

[4]. Štraser A, et al. The influence of cylindrospermopsin on oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells. Chemosphere. 2013;92(1):24-30. [Content Brief]