2. Immunology/Inflammation Anti-infection
  3. Galectin Fungal
  4. Galactinol

Galactinol is a disaccharide carbohydrate serving as a galactosyl donor, which belongs to the raffinose family oligosaccharide pathway and acts as an important osmoprotectant. Galactinol not only induces disease resistance in plants against fungal and bacterial pathogens, but also significantly enhances plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity, low temperature and oxidative damage. In addition, Galactinol has the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, can act as a signaling component for root colonization-induced systemic resistance, and is positively correlated with seed longevity in various crops, making it a potential biomarker for evaluating seed vigor. Therefore, Galactinol can be used in the research of various plant diseases including fungal leaf spot, bacterial angular leaf spot, gray mold and soft rot.

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Galactinol

Galactinol Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 3687-64-7

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Galactinol Related Antibodies

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Description

Galactinol is a disaccharide carbohydrate serving as a galactosyl donor, which belongs to the raffinose family oligosaccharide pathway and acts as an important osmoprotectant. Galactinol not only induces disease resistance in plants against fungal and bacterial pathogens, but also significantly enhances plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity, low temperature and oxidative damage. In addition, Galactinol has the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, can act as a signaling component for root colonization-induced systemic resistance, and is positively correlated with seed longevity in various crops, making it a potential biomarker for evaluating seed vigor. Therefore, Galactinol can be used in the research of various plant diseases including fungal leaf spot, bacterial angular leaf spot, gray mold and soft rot[1][2][3].

In Vitro

Galactinol (0.5-10 mM) potently scavenges hydroxyl radicals in vitro with an ID50 of 3.1 ± 0.3 mM and a second-order rate constant of 7.8 ± 0.81 × 109 M−1s−1[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Galactinol Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Galactinol (40.4 ± 18.8-1,727 ± 366 nmol g−1 fresh weight; endogenous production via transgene overexpression) in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia plants confers protection against methylviologen-induced oxidative stress under control light intensity, as evidenced by preserved PSII activity, reduced lipid peroxidation, and maintained antioxidant pool levels[1].
Galactinol (40.4 ± 18.8-1,727 ± 366 nmol g−1 fresh weight; endogenous production via transgene overexpression) in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia plants confers protection against methylviologen-induced oxidative stress under high light intensity, as evidenced by reduced visible leaf injury, preserved PSII activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation[1].
Galactinol (40.4 ± 18.8-1,727 ± 366 nmol g−1 fresh weight; endogenous production via transgene overexpression) in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia plants confers protection against salinity stress, as evidenced by reduced visible leaf bleaching, preserved PSII activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation[1].
Galactinol (0.5-5 mM; root application) confers enhanced resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens, tolerance to drought and high-salinity stress at 0.5 mM, while 5 mM induces expression of specific defense-related genes in wild-type tobacco[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi wild-type[2]
Dosage: 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM; 0.5 mM (pathogen resistance, stress tolerance); 5 mM (defense gene expression)
Administration: root application (in MS agar)
Result: Provided the highest survival rate against Erwinia carotovora infection at the 0.5 mM dose. Significantly reduced disease lesion area caused by Botrytis cinerea at the 0.5 mM dose. Increased survival rate against Erwinia carotovora at the 0.5 mM dose compared to controls. Increased drought stress survival rate to ~65% and maintained ~40% fresh weight at the 0.5 mM dose compared to controls. Increased high-salinity stress survival rate to ~75% and total chlorophyll content at the 0.5 mM dose compared to controls. Induced PR1a, PR1b, and NtACS1 gene expression (relative expression up to 11-fold, 2.8-fold, and 2.2-fold, respectively, at 24-48 hours post-treatment) at the 5 mM dose. Did not induce NtACS2 gene expression at the 5 mM dose.
Animal Model: ecotype Columbia (four-week-old; salinity stress model)[1]
Dosage: 40.4 ± 18.8 nmol g⁻1 fresh weight (Ox-GolS1-11); 1,479 ± 349 nmol g⁻1 fresh weight (Ox-GolS2-8); 1,727 ± 366 nmol g⁻1 fresh weight (Ox-GolS2-29)
Administration: endogenous production via transgene overexpression
Result: Retained green rosette leaves while wild-type plants showed bleaching at 14 days post-stress. Maintained PSII activity (Fv/Fm) at 87% (Ox-GolS1-11), 92% (Ox-GolS2-8), 91% (Ox-GolS2-29) of pre-stress levels at 14 days post-stress, compared to 65% in wild-type plants. Showed significantly lower malondialdehyde levels than wild-type plants at 14 days post-stress.
Animal Model: ecotype Columbia (four-week-old; chilling stress model with high light and recovery period)[1]
Dosage: 40.4 ± 18.8 nmol g⁻1 fresh weight (Ox-GolS1-11); 1,479 ± 349 nmol g⁻1 fresh weight (Ox-GolS2-8); 1,727 ± 366 nmol g⁻1 fresh weight (Ox-GolS2-29)
Administration: endogenous production via transgene overexpression
Result: Maintained PSII activity (Fv/Fm) at 85% (Ox-GolS1-11), 87% (Ox-GolS2-8), 86% (Ox-GolS2-29) of pre-stress levels after 3-hour recovery period, compared to 71% in wild-type plants. Showed significantly lower malondialdehyde levels than wild-type plants after 3-hour recovery period.
Animal Model: ecotype Columbia (four-week-old; methylviologen-induced oxidative stress model under high light)[1]
Dosage: 40.4 ± 18.8 nmol g⁻1 fresh weight (Ox-GolS1-11); 1,479 ± 349 nmol g⁻1 fresh weight (Ox-GolS2-8); 1,727 ± 366 nmol g⁻1 fresh weight (Ox-GolS2-29)
Administration: endogenous production via transgene overexpression
Result: Showed significantly less visible leaf injury than wild-type plants at 3 hours post-stress. Showed significantly higher PSII activity (Fv/Fm) than wild-type plants at 3 hours post-stress. Showed significantly lower malondialdehyde levels than wild-type plants at 3 hours post-stress.
Molecular Weight

342.30

Formula

C12H22O11
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]1O)O)O)O)[C@H]1O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 250 mg/mL (730.35 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.9214 mL 14.6071 mL 29.2141 mL
5 mM 0.5843 mL 2.9214 mL 5.8428 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
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Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.92%

SDS (394 KB)

COA (254 KB) HNMR (266 KB) LCMS (319 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O 1 mM 2.9214 mL 14.6071 mL 29.2141 mL 73.0354 mL
5 mM 0.5843 mL 2.9214 mL 5.8428 mL 14.6071 mL
10 mM 0.2921 mL 1.4607 mL 2.9214 mL 7.3035 mL
15 mM 0.1948 mL 0.9738 mL 1.9476 mL 4.8690 mL
20 mM 0.1461 mL 0.7304 mL 1.4607 mL 3.6518 mL
25 mM 0.1169 mL 0.5843 mL 1.1686 mL 2.9214 mL
30 mM 0.0974 mL 0.4869 mL 0.9738 mL 2.4345 mL
40 mM 0.0730 mL 0.3652 mL 0.7304 mL 1.8259 mL
50 mM 0.0584 mL 0.2921 mL 0.5843 mL 1.4607 mL
60 mM 0.0487 mL 0.2435 mL 0.4869 mL 1.2173 mL
80 mM 0.0365 mL 0.1826 mL 0.3652 mL 0.9129 mL
100 mM 0.0292 mL 0.1461 mL 0.2921 mL 0.7304 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Galactinol Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Galactinol3687-64-7GalectinFungalCsGolS1NtACS1wild-type tobacco plantstomatoPseudomonas chlororaphis O6PR1aArabidopsisraffinose family oligosaccharide pathwaycabbagePR1bInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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