Liothyronine
Based on 40 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Liothyronine is an active form of thyroid hormone. Liothyronine binds to thyroid hormone receptors TRα and TRβ with Kis of 2.33 and 2.29 nM for hTRα and hTRβ, respectively. Liothyronine also binds to PVR and blocks the interaction of TIGIT/PVR.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.82%
- CAS No.: 6893-02-3
- Formula: C15H12I3NO4
- Molecular Weight:650.97
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Liothyronine
More- Cell Metab. 2023 Nov 7;35(11):1915-1930.e8. [Abstract]
- Nat Cell Biol. 2025 Oct 15. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 11;16(1):7414. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 9:e08571. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2024 Sep 15.
- J Adv Res. 2025 Apr 19:S2090-1232(25)00273-5. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2024 Feb 9;10(6):eadk3931. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2025 Sep:85:103751. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2025 Mar 29:492:138085. [Abstract]
- Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Mar 11;59(9):4530-4539. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(9):e2404388. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2024 May 24. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Oct 11:148:157400. [Abstract]
- Food Science and Human Wellness. 2023 Nov;12(6);2061-2072.
- Cell Death Discov. 2022 Apr 30;8(1):236. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 11;44(12):116678. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Mar 18;43(3):113930. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2022 Feb 10;65(3):2571-2592. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2026 Jun 16;98(23):16962-16970. [Abstract]
- Mol Metab. 2025 May:95:102125. [Abstract]
- Mol Metab. 2024 Oct 29:102053. [Abstract]
- JCI Insight. 2021 Jun 22;6(12):e142838. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Chem. 2024 Apr 5:269:116344. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Nov 15:298:115622. [Abstract]
- Cells. 2026 Feb 11;15(4):329. [Abstract]
- J Nutr Biochem. 2020 Apr;78:108335. [Abstract]
- BMC Biol. 2025 Apr 24;23(1):107. [Abstract]
- J Lipid Res. 2026 Feb;67(2):100981. [Abstract]
- Drug Metab Dispos. 2025 Nov;53(11):100168. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 2;14(1):20370. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2024 May 1;326(5):E696-E708. [Abstract]
- Adipocyte. 2022 Dec;11(1):84-98. [Abstract]
- J Therm Biol. 2024 Jul 2:123:103906. [Abstract]
- In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2026 Feb 6. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 4.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 14.
- bioRxiv. 2024 November 15.
- Methods Mol Biol. 2023:2683:103-111. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20220389379A1.
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Migration/Invasion Assay
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All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHO | EC50 |
3.4 nM
Compound: T3
|
Agonist activity at human THRalpha expressed in CHO cells after 24 hrs by luciferase assay
Agonist activity at human THRalpha expressed in CHO cells after 24 hrs by luciferase assay
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[PMID: 32356658] |
| CHO | EC50 |
6.2 nM
Compound: T3
|
Agonist activity at human THRbeta expressed in CHO cells after 24 hrs by luciferase assay
Agonist activity at human THRbeta expressed in CHO cells after 24 hrs by luciferase assay
|
[PMID: 32356658] |
| CHO-K1 | IC50 |
0.24 nM
Compound: 1
|
Binding affinity at human thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 expressed in CHOK1 cells
Binding affinity at human thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 expressed in CHOK1 cells
|
[PMID: 17543524] |
| CHO-K1 | IC50 |
0.26 nM
Compound: 1
|
Binding affinity at human thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 expressed in CHOK1 cells
Binding affinity at human thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 expressed in CHOK1 cells
|
[PMID: 17543524] |
| CV-1 | EC50 |
0.002 μM
Compound: T3
|
Agonist activity at human recombinant TRbeta1 transfected in CV-1 cells after 8 to 10 hrs by alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human recombinant TRbeta1 transfected in CV-1 cells after 8 to 10 hrs by alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay
|
[PMID: 24290064] |
| CV-1 | EC50 |
0.0021 μM
Compound: T3
|
Agonist activity at human recombinant TRalpha1 transfected in CV-1 cells after 8 to 10 hrs by alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human recombinant TRalpha1 transfected in CV-1 cells after 8 to 10 hrs by alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay
|
[PMID: 24290064] |
| CV-1 | EC50 |
0.5 nM
Compound: T3
|
Agonist activity at Xenopus laevis THRalpha transfected in green monkey CV1 cells after 48 hrs by reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at Xenopus laevis THRalpha transfected in green monkey CV1 cells after 48 hrs by reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 32356658] |
| CV-1 | EC50 |
1.2 nM
Compound: T3
|
Agonist activity at human THRbeta expressed in green monkey CV1 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase assay
Agonist activity at human THRbeta expressed in green monkey CV1 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase assay
|
[PMID: 32356658] |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
0.41 nM
Compound: T3
|
Agonist activity at human thyroid hormone receptor alpha expressed in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human thyroid hormone receptor alpha expressed in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 25305688] |
| HEK-293T | EC50 |
5.8 μM
Compound: T3
|
Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused PPARgamma expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused PPARgamma expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay
|
[PMID: 32356658] |
| HeLa | EC50 |
2.4 nM
Compound: T3
|
Effect on human TRalpha transactivation activity in HeLa cells by luciferase reporter assay
Effect on human TRalpha transactivation activity in HeLa cells by luciferase reporter assay
|
[PMID: 17988877] |
| HeLa | EC50 |
2.4 nM
Compound: T3
|
Effect on human TRbeta transactivation activity in HeLa cells by luciferase reporter assay
Effect on human TRbeta transactivation activity in HeLa cells by luciferase reporter assay
|
[PMID: 17988877] |
| LNCaP | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 6, T3
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Transcriptional activity at human androgen receptor BF3 site stably transfected in eGFP-expressing human LNCAP cells after 5 days by fluorometric analysis
Transcriptional activity at human androgen receptor BF3 site stably transfected in eGFP-expressing human LNCAP cells after 5 days by fluorometric analysis
|
[PMID: 22047606] |
| Oocyte | IC50 |
50.4 μM
Compound: Triiodothyronine
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TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes
|
[PMID: 11561088] |
| Sf9 | EC50 |
0.5 nM
Compound: T3
|
Agonist activity at human THRalpha expressed in baculovirus infected SF9 cells after 15 mins by gel electrophoresis
Agonist activity at human THRalpha expressed in baculovirus infected SF9 cells after 15 mins by gel electrophoresis
|
[PMID: 32356658] |
| U2OS | EC50 |
11 nM
Compound: T3
|
Effect on human TRbeta transactivation activity in U2OS cells by luciferase reporter assay
Effect on human TRbeta transactivation activity in U2OS cells by luciferase reporter assay
|
[PMID: 17988877] |
| U2OS | EC50 |
2.4 nM
Compound: T3
|
Effect on human TRalpha transactivation activity in U2OS cells by luciferase reporter assay
Effect on human TRalpha transactivation activity in U2OS cells by luciferase reporter assay
|
[PMID: 17988877] |
hepatocarcinomaLiothyronine (T3, 100 nM) stimulates the proliferation of hepatocarcinema cells in which TRβ1 is overexpressed[1]. Liothyronine binds to the human β1 thyroid hormone receptor (hTRβ1), and changes its conformation. Liothyronine promotes growth, induces differentiation and regualtes metabolic effects[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 6893-02-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 650.97
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Formula C15H12I3NO4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2I)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)N)I)I
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Synonyms
Triiodothyronine; 3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine; T3
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (40)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Metab
Bone marrow immune cells respond to fluctuating nutritional stress to constrain weight regain. [Abstract]2023 Nov 7;35(11):1915-1930.e8. PMID: 37703873
Liothyronine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2023 Nov 7;35(11):1915-1930.e8. [Abstract]
C3H10T1/2 preadipocytes were treated with differentiation medium supplemented with 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 μM Dexamethasone, 850 nM Insulin, 1 nM Triiodothyronine, 125 nm Indomethacin and 1 μM Rosiglitazone for 2 days and subsequently cultured in maintaining medium supplemented with 1 nM Triiodothyronine, 850 nM Insulin, and 1 μM Rosiglitazone for another 2 days. Differentiated adipocytes at day 4 were cultured in complete medium until used for experiments. Representative immunoblots of PGC-1α and UCP1 in beige adipocytes treated as indicated.
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Nat Cell Biol
A continuous totipotent-like cell-based embryo model recapitulates mouse embryogenesis from zygotic genome activation to gastrulation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 15. PMID: 41094030 -
Nat Commun
Adipocyte RNA-binding protein CELF1 promotes beiging of white fat through stabilizing Dio2 mRNA. [Abstract]2025 Aug 11;16(1):7414. PMID: 40789858 -
Nat Commun
Senescent immune cells accumulation promotes brown adipose tissue dysfunction during aging. [Abstract]2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. PMID: 37268694
Liothyronine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. [Abstract]
C3H10T1/2 preadipocytes were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% P/S. For adipogenic differentiation, confluent C3H10T1/2 preadipocytes were incubated with complete medium supplemented with 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 μM Dexamethasone, 850 nM Insulin, 1 nm Triiodothyronine, 125 nm Indomethacin and 1 μM Rosiglitazone for 2 days. Then, cells were changed to the complete medium supplemented with 1 nM T3, 850 nM Insulin, and 1 μM Rosiglitazone for another 2 days. Differentiated adipocytes at day 4 were maintained in complete medium until used for experiments. Representative immunoblots of NRP1 and EPHA7 in differentiated brown adipocytes transfected with si-Rbm3 or si-NC.
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
Thyroid Hormone Receptor β1 and PGC1α Coordinately Regulate OPA1/MFN2-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion and UCP1-Mediated Lipid Browning in ccRCC. [Abstract]2025 Nov 9:e08571. PMID: 41208194
Liothyronine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 9:e08571. [Abstract]
PGC1α mRNA levels in TRβ‐overexpressing ccRCC cell lines versus controls following Triiodothyronine (T3) treatment (100 nM for 48 h).
Liothyronine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 9:e08571. [Abstract]
CCK8 assay showing proliferation of TRβ-overexpressing cells treated with T3 (100 nM for 48 h).
Liothyronine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 9:e08571. [Abstract]
Transwell assay results comparing the migration of TRβ-overexpressing cells with control cells in the presence of T3 (100 nM for 48 h).
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J Adv Res
Astragaloside II, a natural saponin, facilitates remyelination in demyelination neurological diseases via p75NTR receptor mediated β-catenin/Id2/MBP signaling axis in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. [Abstract]2025 Apr 19:S2090-1232(25)00273-5. PMID: 40258474 -
Sci Adv
RNF220-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination stabilizes Olig proteins during oligodendroglial development and myelination. [Abstract]2024 Feb 9;10(6):eadk3931. PMID: 38324685 -
Redox Biol
2025 Sep:85:103751. PMID: 40628122 -
J Hazard Mater
Avermectin induces photoreceptor functional impairment and color vision deficits in zebrafish (Danio rerio). [Abstract]2025 Mar 29:492:138085. PMID: 40174454 -
Environ Sci Technol
IodoFinder: Machine Learning-Guided Recognition of Iodinated Chemicals in Nontargeted LC-MS/MS Analysis. [Abstract]2025 Mar 11;59(9):4530-4539. PMID: 40015982 -
Adv Healthc Mater
2025 Apr;14(9):e2404388. PMID: 40018834 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
A new mechanism of thyroid hormone receptor β agonists ameliorating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption via remodeling bile acid profiles. [Abstract]2024 May 24. PMID: 38789494 -
Phytomedicine
Perillyl alcohol ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by modulating gut microbiota and activating IRF4-mediated brown fat thermogenesis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 11:148:157400. PMID: 41138577 -
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Cell Death Discov
Disturbance of calcium homeostasis and myogenesis caused by TET2 deletion in muscle stem cells. [Abstract]2022 Apr 30;8(1):236. PMID: 35490157 -
Cell Rep
Paracrine stimulation of brown adipose tissue vascularization by adipocyte O-GlcNAc signaling. [Abstract]2025 Dec 11;44(12):116678. PMID: 41385373 -
Cell Rep
PRRC2B modulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell development and myelination by stabilizing Sox2 mRNA. [Abstract]2024 Mar 18;43(3):113930. PMID: 38507412 -
J Med Chem
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Triazolone Derivatives as Potent PPARα/δ Dual Agonists for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. [Abstract]2022 Feb 10;65(3):2571-2592. PMID: 35060744 -
Anal Chem
High-Throughput Reactive Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Targeted Derivatization and Analysis of Poorly Ionized Small Molecules. [Abstract]2026 Jun 16;98(23):16962-16970. PMID: 42223360 -
Mol Metab
Aregs-IGFBP3-mediated SMC-like cells apoptosis impairs beige adipocytes formation in aged mice. [Abstract]2025 May:95:102125. PMID: 40118146 -
Mol Metab
RNA-binding protein YBX3 promotes PPARγ-SLC3A2 mediated BCAA metabolism fueling brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis. [Abstract]2024 Oct 29:102053. PMID: 39481849 -
JCI Insight
Pdcd10-Stk24/25 complex controls kidney water reabsorption by regulating Aqp2 membrane targeting. [Abstract]2021 Jun 22;6(12):e142838. PMID: 34156031 -
Eur J Med Chem
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of piperazine derivatives as pan-PPARs agonists for the treatment of liver fibrosis. [Abstract]2024 Apr 5:269:116344. PMID: 38522113 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Total astragalosides promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and enhance remyelination in cuprizone-induced mice through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. [Abstract]2022 Nov 15:298:115622. PMID: 35964820 -
Cells
The Asp-Encoding Gene FBN1 Mediates Cold Adaptation in Sunite Sheep by Reprogramming Adipocyte Differentiation Towards Thermogenesis. [Abstract]2026 Feb 11;15(4):329. PMID: 41744772 -
J Nutr Biochem
Lycopene attenuates body weight gain through induction of browning via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. [Abstract]2020 Apr;78:108335. PMID: 31978713 -
BMC Biol
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing defines adipose tissue subpopulations that contribute to Tibetan pig cold adaptation. [Abstract]2025 Apr 24;23(1):107. PMID: 40275312 -
J Lipid Res
2026 Feb;67(2):100981. PMID: 41565113 -
Drug Metab Dispos
Metabolic flux analysis of bile acid biosynthesis acidic pathway in HepG2 cells reveals CYP8B1 inhibition of azole antifungals. [Abstract]2025 Nov;53(11):100168. PMID: 41124962 -
Sci Rep
Triiodothyronine (T3) promotes browning of white adipose through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Sep 2;14(1):20370. PMID: 39223267 -
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
Glycogen synthesis is required for adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and affects diet-induced obesity. [Abstract]2024 May 1;326(5):E696-E708. PMID: 38568151 -
Adipocyte
The mechanisms underlying olanzapine-induced insulin resistance via the brown adipose tissue and the therapy in rats. [Abstract]2022 Dec;11(1):84-98. PMID: 35067163 -
J Therm Biol
Differential expression of ADRB1 causes different responses to norepinephrine in adipocytes of Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire pigs and min pigs. [Abstract]2024 Jul 2:123:103906. PMID: 38970835 -
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim
2026 Feb 6. PMID: 41652136 -
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Methods Mol Biol
Characterizing the Neuron-Glial Interactions by the Co-cultures of Human iPSC-Derived Oligodendroglia and Neurons. [Abstract]2023:2683:103-111. PMID: 37300770 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (76.81 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
1M NaOH : 50 mg/mL (76.81 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Protocol
Thyroid hormone depleted (Td) serum is prepared. The growth of hepatocarcinoma cells in methylcellulose is performed. To determine the effect of Liothyronine (T3) on the growth of cells, cells are plated at a density of 3 × l04 cells/60 mm dish on day 0, and incubated in medium containing 5% regular serum, 5% Td or 5% Td and 100 nM T3. The colony formation in methylcellulose is scored 3 weeks after initial plating[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (274 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Lin KH, et al. Stimulation of proliferation by 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in poorly differentiated human hepatocarcinoma cells overexpressing beta 1 thyroid hormone receptor. Cancer Lett. 1994 Oct 14;85(2):189-94. [Content Brief]
[2]. Bhat MK, et al. Conformational changes of human beta 1 thyroid hormone receptor induced by binding of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Aug 31;195(1):385-92. [Content Brief]
[3]. Hiroaki Shiohara, et al. Discovery of novel indane derivatives as liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) agonists for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Bioorg Med Chem. 2012 Jun 1;20(11):3622-34. [Content Brief]
[4]. Zhou X, et al. Repositioning liothyronine for cancer immunotherapy by blocking the interaction of immune checkpoint TIGIT/PVR. Cell Commun Signal. 2020 Sep 7;18(1):142. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / 1M NaOH | 1 mM | 1.5362 mL | 7.6808 mL | 15.3617 mL | 38.4042 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3072 mL | 1.5362 mL | 3.0723 mL | 7.6808 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1536 mL | 0.7681 mL | 1.5362 mL | 3.8404 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1024 mL | 0.5121 mL | 1.0241 mL | 2.5603 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0768 mL | 0.3840 mL | 0.7681 mL | 1.9202 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0614 mL | 0.3072 mL | 0.6145 mL | 1.5362 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0512 mL | 0.2560 mL | 0.5121 mL | 1.2801 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0384 mL | 0.1920 mL | 0.3840 mL | 0.9601 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0307 mL | 0.1536 mL | 0.3072 mL | 0.7681 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0256 mL | 0.1280 mL | 0.2560 mL | 0.6401 mL |