Liothyronine sodium
Based on 44 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Liothyronine sodium is an active form of thyroid hormone. Liothyronine sodium is a potent thyroid hormone receptors TRα and TRβ agonist with Kis of 2.33 nM for hTRα and hTRβ, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.63%
- CAS No.: 55-06-1
- Formula: C15H11I3NNaO4
- Molecular Weight:672.96
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Liothyronine sodium
More- Cell. 2026 Jun 11;189(12):3571-3588.e27. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2023 Nov 7;35(11):1915-1930.e8. [Abstract]
- Nat Cell Biol. 2025 Oct 15. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 11;16(1):7414. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2025 Apr 19:S2090-1232(25)00273-5. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2025 Sep:85:103751. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 9:e08571. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2024 Feb 9;10(6):eadk3931. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2024 Sep 15.
- Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Mar 11;59(9):4530-4539. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Nov 25:148:157400. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(9):e2404388. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jul 15:492:138085. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2024 Oct;45(10):2134-2148. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2022 Apr 30;8(1):236. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 11;44(12):116678. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Mar 18;43(3):113930. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2026 Jun 16;98(23):16962-16970. [Abstract]
- Food Science and Human Wellness. 2023 Nov;12(6);2061-2072.
- J Med Chem. 2022 Feb 10;65(3):2571-2592. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Nov 15:298:115622. [Abstract]
- JCI Insight. 2021 Jun 22;6(12):e142838. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Chem. 2024 Apr 5:269:116344. [Abstract]
- Mol Metab. 2025 May:95:102125. [Abstract]
- Mol Metab. 2024 Dec:90:102053. [Abstract]
- Cells. 2026 Feb 11;15(4):329. [Abstract]
- BMC Biol. 2025 Apr 24;23(1):107. [Abstract]
- J Nutr Biochem. 2020 Apr:78:108335. [Abstract]
- J Lipid Res. 2026 Feb;67(2):100981. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 2;14(1):20370. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell Biochem. 2026 Jun 29. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2024 May 1;326(5):E696-E708. [Abstract]
- BMC Cancer. 2026 May 4;26(1):768. [Abstract]
- Drug Metab Dispos. 2025 Nov;53(11):100168. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2026 Jun 9;461(1):115102. [Abstract]
- Adipocyte. 2022 Dec;11(1):84-98. [Abstract]
- J Therm Biol. 2024 Jul:123:103906. [Abstract]
- In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2026 Feb 6. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 4.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 14.
- bioRxiv. 2024 November 15.
- Methods Mol Biol. 2023:2683:103-111. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20220389379A1.
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All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Liothyronine (T3, 100 nM) sodium stimulates the proliferation of hepatocarcinema cells in which TRβ1 is overexpressed[1]. Liothyronine sodium binds to human β1 thyroid hormone receptor (hTRβ1), and changes its conformation. Liothyronine sodium promotes growth, induces differentiation and regualtes metabolic effects[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 55-06-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 672.96
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Formula C15H11I3NNaO4
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Color White to yellow
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SMILES
N[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(C(I)=C1)OC2=CC=C(O)C(I)=C2)C(O[Na])=O
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Synonyms
Triiodothyronine sodium; 3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine sodium; T3 sodium
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (44)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell
2026 Jun 11;189(12):3571-3588.e27. PMID: 42019490 -
Cell Metab
Bone marrow immune cells respond to fluctuating nutritional stress to constrain weight regain. [Abstract]2023 Nov 7;35(11):1915-1930.e8. PMID: 37703873
Liothyronine sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2023 Nov 7;35(11):1915-1930.e8. [Abstract]
C3H10T1/2 preadipocytes were treated with differentiation medium supplemented with 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 μM Dexamethasone, 850 nM Insulin, 1 nM Triiodothyronine, 125 nm Indomethacin and 1 μM Rosiglitazone for 2 days and subsequently cultured in maintaining medium supplemented with 1 nM Triiodothyronine, 850 nM Insulin, and 1 μM Rosiglitazone for another 2 days. Differentiated adipocytes at day 4 were cultured in complete medium until used for experiments. Representative immunoblots of PGC-1α and UCP1 in beige adipocytes treated as indicated.
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Nat Cell Biol
A continuous totipotent-like cell-based embryo model recapitulates mouse embryogenesis from zygotic genome activation to gastrulation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 15. PMID: 41094030 -
Nat Commun
Adipocyte RNA-binding protein CELF1 promotes beiging of white fat through stabilizing Dio2 mRNA. [Abstract]2025 Aug 11;16(1):7414. PMID: 40789858 -
Nat Commun
Senescent immune cells accumulation promotes brown adipose tissue dysfunction during aging. [Abstract]2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. PMID: 37268694
Liothyronine sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 2;14(1):3208. [Abstract]
C3H10T1/2 preadipocytes were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% P/S. For adipogenic differentiation, confluent C3H10T1/2 preadipocytes were incubated with complete medium supplemented with 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 1 μM Dexamethasone, 850 nM Insulin, 1 nm Triiodothyronine, 125 nm Indomethacin and 1 μM Rosiglitazone for 2 days. Then, cells were changed to the complete medium supplemented with 1 nM T3, 850 nM Insulin, and 1 μM Rosiglitazone for another 2 days. Differentiated adipocytes at day 4 were maintained in complete medium until used for experiments. Representative immunoblots of NRP1 and EPHA7 in differentiated brown adipocytes transfected with si-Rbm3 or si-NC.
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J Adv Res
Astragaloside II, a natural saponin, facilitates remyelination in demyelination neurological diseases via p75NTR receptor mediated β-catenin/Id2/MBP signaling axis in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. [Abstract]2025 Apr 19:S2090-1232(25)00273-5. PMID: 40258474 -
Redox Biol
2025 Sep:85:103751. PMID: 40628122 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Thyroid Hormone Receptor β1 and PGC1α Coordinately Regulate OPA1/MFN2-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion and UCP1-Mediated Lipid Browning in ccRCC. [Abstract]2025 Nov 9:e08571. PMID: 41208194
Liothyronine sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 9:e08571. [Abstract]
PGC1α mRNA levels in TRβ‐overexpressing ccRCC cell lines versus controls following Triiodothyronine (T3) treatment (100 nM for 48 h).
Liothyronine sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 9:e08571. [Abstract]
CCK8 assay showing proliferation of TRβ-overexpressing cells treated with T3 (100 nM for 48 h).
Liothyronine sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 9:e08571. [Abstract]
Transwell assay results comparing the migration of TRβ-overexpressing cells with control cells in the presence of T3 (100 nM for 48 h).
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Sci Adv
RNF220-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination stabilizes Olig proteins during oligodendroglial development and myelination. [Abstract]2024 Feb 9;10(6):eadk3931. PMID: 38324685 -
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Environ Sci Technol
IodoFinder: Machine Learning-Guided Recognition of Iodinated Chemicals in Nontargeted LC-MS/MS Analysis. [Abstract]2025 Mar 11;59(9):4530-4539. PMID: 40015982 -
Phytomedicine
Perillyl alcohol ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by modulating gut microbiota and activating IRF4-mediated brown fat thermogenesis. [Abstract]2025 Nov 25:148:157400. PMID: 41138577 -
Adv Healthc Mater
2025 Apr;14(9):e2404388. PMID: 40018834 -
J Hazard Mater
Avermectin induces photoreceptor functional impairment and color vision deficits in zebrafish (Danio rerio). [Abstract]2025 Jul 15:492:138085. PMID: 40174454 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
A new mechanism of thyroid hormone receptor β agonists ameliorating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption via remodeling bile acid profiles. [Abstract]2024 Oct;45(10):2134-2148. PMID: 38789494 -
Cell Death Discov
Disturbance of calcium homeostasis and myogenesis caused by TET2 deletion in muscle stem cells. [Abstract]2022 Apr 30;8(1):236. PMID: 35490157 -
Cell Rep
Paracrine stimulation of brown adipose tissue vascularization by adipocyte O-GlcNAc signaling. [Abstract]2025 Dec 11;44(12):116678. PMID: 41385373 -
Cell Rep
PRRC2B modulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell development and myelination by stabilizing Sox2 mRNA. [Abstract]2024 Mar 18;43(3):113930. PMID: 38507412 -
Anal Chem
High-Throughput Reactive Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Targeted Derivatization and Analysis of Poorly Ionized Small Molecules. [Abstract]2026 Jun 16;98(23):16962-16970. PMID: 42223360 -
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J Med Chem
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Triazolone Derivatives as Potent PPARα/δ Dual Agonists for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. [Abstract]2022 Feb 10;65(3):2571-2592. PMID: 35060744 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Total astragalosides promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and enhance remyelination in cuprizone-induced mice through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. [Abstract]2022 Nov 15:298:115622. PMID: 35964820 -
JCI Insight
Pdcd10-Stk24/25 complex controls kidney water reabsorption by regulating Aqp2 membrane targeting. [Abstract]2021 Jun 22;6(12):e142838. PMID: 34156031 -
Eur J Med Chem
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of piperazine derivatives as pan-PPARs agonists for the treatment of liver fibrosis. [Abstract]2024 Apr 5:269:116344. PMID: 38522113 -
Mol Metab
Aregs-IGFBP3-mediated SMC-like cells apoptosis impairs beige adipocytes formation in aged mice. [Abstract]2025 May:95:102125. PMID: 40118146 -
Mol Metab
RNA-binding protein YBX3 promotes PPARγ-SLC3A2 mediated BCAA metabolism fueling brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis. [Abstract]2024 Dec:90:102053. PMID: 39481849 -
Cells
The Asp-Encoding Gene FBN1 Mediates Cold Adaptation in Sunite Sheep by Reprogramming Adipocyte Differentiation Towards Thermogenesis. [Abstract]2026 Feb 11;15(4):329. PMID: 41744772 -
BMC Biol
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing defines adipose tissue subpopulations that contribute to Tibetan pig cold adaptation. [Abstract]2025 Apr 24;23(1):107. PMID: 40275312 -
J Nutr Biochem
Lycopene attenuates body weight gain through induction of browning via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. [Abstract]2020 Apr:78:108335. PMID: 31978713 -
J Lipid Res
2026 Feb;67(2):100981. PMID: 41565113 -
Sci Rep
Triiodothyronine (T3) promotes browning of white adipose through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Sep 2;14(1):20370. PMID: 39223267 -
Mol Cell Biochem
Bile acid-induced TBG depletion promotes trophoblast apoptosis via local thyroxine insufficiency in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. [Abstract]2026 Jun 29. PMID: 42371391 -
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
Glycogen synthesis is required for adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and affects diet-induced obesity. [Abstract]2024 May 1;326(5):E696-E708. PMID: 38568151 -
BMC Cancer
PPP4C: a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in thyroid cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. [Abstract]2026 May 4;26(1):768. PMID: 42082953 -
Drug Metab Dispos
Metabolic flux analysis of bile acid biosynthesis acidic pathway in HepG2 cells reveals CYP8B1 inhibition of azole antifungals. [Abstract]2025 Nov;53(11):100168. PMID: 41124962 -
Exp Cell Res
Molecular mechanism of MAFB transcriptional activation of PPARD in regulating adipose browning and protecting against vascular endothelial cell injury. [Abstract]2026 Jun 9;461(1):115102. PMID: 42264121 -
Adipocyte
The mechanisms underlying olanzapine-induced insulin resistance via the brown adipose tissue and the therapy in rats. [Abstract]2022 Dec;11(1):84-98. PMID: 35067163 -
J Therm Biol
Differential expression of ADRB1 causes different responses to norepinephrine in adipocytes of Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire pigs and min pigs. [Abstract]2024 Jul:123:103906. PMID: 38970835 -
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim
2026 Feb 6. PMID: 41652136 -
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Methods Mol Biol
Characterizing the Neuron-Glial Interactions by the Co-cultures of Human iPSC-Derived Oligodendroglia and Neurons. [Abstract]2023:2683:103-111. PMID: 37300770 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (74.30 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
0.1 M NaOH : 12.5 mg/mL (18.57 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 11 with NaOH)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.71 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.71 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Thyroid hormone depleted (Td) serum is prepared. The growth of hepatocarcinoma cells in methylcellulose is performed. To determine the effect of Liothyronine (T3) on the growth of cells, cells are plated at a density of 3 × 104 cells/60 mm dish on day 0, and incubated in medium containing 5% regular serum, 5% Td or 5% Td and 100 nM T3. The colony formation in methylcellulose is scored 3 weeks after initial plating[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (274 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Lin KH, et al. Stimulation of proliferation by 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in poorly differentiated human hepatocarcinoma cells overexpressing beta 1 thyroid hormone receptor. Cancer Lett. 1994 Oct 14;85(2):189-94. [Content Brief]
[2]. Bhat MK, et al. Conformational changes of human beta 1 thyroid hormone receptor induced by binding of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Aug 31;195(1):385-92. [Content Brief]
[3]. Hiroaki Shiohara, et al. Discovery of novel indane derivatives as liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) agonists for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Bioorg Med Chem. 2012 Jun 1;20(11):3622-34. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 M NaOH / DMSO | 1 mM | 1.4860 mL | 7.4299 mL | 14.8597 mL | 37.1493 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2972 mL | 1.4860 mL | 2.9719 mL | 7.4299 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1486 mL | 0.7430 mL | 1.4860 mL | 3.7149 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0991 mL | 0.4953 mL | 0.9906 mL | 2.4766 mL | |
| DMSO | 20 mM | 0.0743 mL | 0.3715 mL | 0.7430 mL | 1.8575 mL |
| 25 mM | 0.0594 mL | 0.2972 mL | 0.5944 mL | 1.4860 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0495 mL | 0.2477 mL | 0.4953 mL | 1.2383 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0371 mL | 0.1857 mL | 0.3715 mL | 0.9287 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0297 mL | 0.1486 mL | 0.2972 mL | 0.7430 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0248 mL | 0.1238 mL | 0.2477 mL | 0.6192 mL |
Liothyronine sodium Related Classifications
HY-A0070 Related Classifications
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