PKR-IN-C16
Based on 8 publication(s) in Google Scholar
PKR-IN-C16 (Compound C16) is a specific double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) inhibitor. PKR-IN-C16 shows promising neuroprotective properties and can rescue acute brain lesions.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.70%
- CAS No.: 608512-97-6
- Formula: C13H8N4OS
- Molecular Weight:268.29
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Apoptosis Compound Library
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Compound Library
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HY-L138
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) PKR-IN-C16
More- Nat Commun. 2024 Jan 25;15(1):739. [Abstract]
- Engineering. 2024 May 22.
- FASEB J. 2024 Apr 30;38(8):e23628. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21647. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav. 2022 Aug;12(8):e2722. [Abstract]
- Tissue Cell. 2026 Feb 17:101:103399. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 May 29:2026.05.26.727520. [Abstract]
- Auburn University. 2024 May.
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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WB
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RT-PCR
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RT-PCR
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biological Activity
PKR[1]
PKR-IN-C16 (Compound C16) is able to unlock the translation blockade induced by PKR in primary neuronal cultures[1].
PKR-IN-C16 (0.1 or 0.3 μM; 24 h) shows protective effect against the neuronal cell death induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in SH-SY5Y cells[1].
PKR-IN-C16 (1-1000 nM; 4 h) prevents not only PKR-phosphorylation but also the activation of caspase-3 induced by Amyloid β in SH-SY5Y cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Human SH-SY5Y cells
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Concentration:1, 10, 20, 200, 1000 nM
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Incubation Time:4 h
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Result:Markedly reduces the level of phosphorylated PKR in the cells exposed to 20 μM Amyloid β.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Normotensive male Wistar rats, excitotoxic neuroinflammatory model, inflammation was induced by unilateral striatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA)[1]
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Dosage:60 or 600 μg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection; 24 h, 2 h before QA injection and 24 h post-QA injection
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Result:Reduced expression of the active catalytic domain of the PKR, prevented increase of IL-1β levels on the contralateral side (97% inhibition) at 600 μg/kg. Decreased by 47% the neuronal loss and by 37% the number of positive cleaved caspase-3 neurons induced by QA injection at 600 μg/kg.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 608512-97-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 268.29
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Formula C13H8N4OS
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C1/C(C2=C(SC=N3)C3=CC=C2N1)=C\C4=CN=CN4
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years In solvent -80°C 1 year -20°C 6 months
Publications (8)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Commun
2024 Jan 25;15(1):739. PMID: 38272900
PKR-IN-C16 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Jan 25;15(1):739. [Abstract]
Compound C16, a PKR inhibitor, was included as a positive control group. Significantly, co-delivery of FLuc-SEC induced a 1.48-fold, 1.54-fold, and 1.17-fold higher luminescence signal than FLuc-saRNA, FLuc-mRNA, and FLuc-saRNA/C16 group on day 1, respectively.
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FASEB J
2024 Apr 30;38(8):e23628. PMID: 38661032 -
Sci Rep
Exploration of the antitumor effect and mechanism of gambogic acid on osteosarcoma through network pharmacology and experimental pharmacology study. [Abstract]2025 Jul 1;15(1):21647. PMID: 40594358 -
Brain Behav
The protective mechanism of protein kinase R to inhibit neuronal ferroptosis in cerebral injury from subarachnoid hemorrhage. [Abstract]2022 Aug;12(8):e2722. PMID: 35894766
PKR-IN-C16 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Behav. 2022 Aug;12(8):e2722. [Abstract]
By constructing a rat SAH model and giving PKR-IN-C16 (C16) treatment, the rats were scored for cerebral floor hemorrhage and neurological function 48 h after modeling. The scoring results are shown in Figure.
PKR-IN-C16 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Behav. 2022 Aug;12(8):e2722. [Abstract]
Treatment of rats with the PKR inhibitor PKR-IN-C16 (C16) significantly alleviated the accumulation of MDA and iron ions and the reduction of GPX4 activities induced by SAH.
PKR-IN-C16 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Behav. 2022 Aug;12(8):e2722. [Abstract]
Shows the reciprocal network of differentially expressed mRNA target proteins in the SAH group and the SAH‐PKR-IN-C16 (C16) group.
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Tissue Cell
Palmitic acid-evoked PKR/JNK activation and SIRT1 decline: Association with myocardial ageing phenotype changes and partial reversal by inhibitors. [Abstract]2026 Feb 17:101:103399. PMID: 41759332 -
bioRxiv
2026 May 29:2026.05.26.727520. PMID: 42244578 -
PKR-IN-C16 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Auburn University. 2024 May.
WI-38 cells were treated with PKR-inhibitor PKR-INC16 (C16, 1-5 µM) for 30 min prior to infection with RSV with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3 or incubated with medium (n.i.) for 72 h. Expression of peIF2α, pPKR and PKR were assessed by Western blotting with GAPDH as endogenous control.
PKR-IN-C16 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Auburn University. 2024 May.
WI-38 cells were treated with PKR-inhibitor PKR-INC16 (C16, 1-5 µM) for 30 min prior to infection with RSV with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3 or incubated with medium (n.i.) for 72 h. CHOP mRNA normalized against GAPDH (endogenous control) and is presented as fold change relative to non-infected DMSO "C16 5 µM".
PKR-IN-C16 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Auburn University. 2024 May.
WI-38 cells were treated with PKR-inhibitor PKR-INC16 (C16, 1-5 µM) for 30 min prior to infection with RSV with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3 or incubated with medium (n.i.) for 72 h. XPB1swas normalized against GAPDH (endogenous control) and is presented as fold change relative to non-infected DMSO "C16 5 µM".
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 10 mg/mL (37.27 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (3.73 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water
Solubility: 20 mg/mL (74.55 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Add each solvent one by one: 15% Cremophor EL 85% Saline
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (37.27 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Tronel C, et al. The specific PKR inhibitor C16 prevents apoptosis and IL-1β production in an acute excitotoxic rat model with a neuroinflammatory component. Neurochem Int. 2014 Jan;64:73-83. [Content Brief]
[2]. Page G, et al. Activated double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase and neuronal death in models of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience. 2006;139(4):1343-54. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.7273 mL | 18.6365 mL | 37.2731 mL | 93.1827 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7455 mL | 3.7273 mL | 7.4546 mL | 18.6365 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3727 mL | 1.8637 mL | 3.7273 mL | 9.3183 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2485 mL | 1.2424 mL | 2.4849 mL | 6.2122 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1864 mL | 0.9318 mL | 1.8637 mL | 4.6591 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1491 mL | 0.7455 mL | 1.4909 mL | 3.7273 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1242 mL | 0.6212 mL | 1.2424 mL | 3.1061 mL |
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