2. Anti-infection Immunology/Inflammation
  3. Influenza Virus Interleukin Related
  4. Probenecid sodium

Probenecid sodium is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable Pannexin 1 channel inhibitor. Probenecid sodium exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and neuroprotective activities. Probenecid sodium can be used in research related to multiple sclerosis, focal cerebral ischemic injury, influenza virus infection, and nephropathy.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Probenecid sodium

Probenecid sodium Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 23795-03-1

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Based on 43 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Probenecid sodium:

Probenecid sodium Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

43 Publications Citing Use of MCE Probenecid sodium

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IL-1 IL-2 IL-3 IL-4 IL-5 IL-6 IL-8 IL-10 IL-12 IL-13 IL-15 IL-17 IL-23 IL-7 IL-33 IL-22 IL-18

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  • Purity & Documentation

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Description

Probenecid sodium is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable Pannexin 1 channel inhibitor. Probenecid sodium exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and neuroprotective activities. Probenecid sodium can be used in research related to multiple sclerosis, focal cerebral ischemic injury, influenza virus infection, and nephropathy[1][2][3][4].

IC50 & Target

TRPV2

 

In Vitro

Probenecid (0.001-100000 μM; 1-24 h) sodium potently inhibits the replication of Anhui/1-H7N9 in NHBE/A549 cells[1].
Probenecid (0.001-100000 μM; 1-24 h) sodium potently inhibits the replication of VN/1203-H5N1 in VeroE6 cells, with an IC50 of 0.00003 μM under the condition of 24 h prophylactic treatment and an IC50 of 0.001 μM under the condition of treatment at 1 hour post-infection[1].
Probenecid sodium inhibits the entry of aristolochic acid into proximal tubular cell lines via human organic anion transporters (OATs) and preserves cell viability[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Probenecid sodium Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Probenecid (10-100 mg/kg; oral gavage; twice daily for 3 consecutive days) sodium reduces H5N1 influenza-induced body weight loss, decreases pulmonary viral titers, and lowers pro-inflammatory cytokine levels[1].
Probenecid (150 mg/kg; i.p.; twice daily; up to 8 days) sodium exerts renoprotective effects in a mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy, prevents acute kidney injury, alleviates tubulointerstitial injury and DNA repair/proliferation responses, and reduces the levels of advanced aristolochic acid-DNA adducts[2].
Probenecid (250 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 20 consecutive days) sodium inhibits symptom progression in mice with autoimmune encephalomyelitis[3].
Probenecid (1 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; twice) sodium significantly reduces cerebral infarction volume and improves neurological function in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: BALB/c mice (female, 6-8 weeks old)[1]
Dosage: 10 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg
Administration: i.g.; twice daily; 3 days
Result: Maintained stable weight from day 3 pi through day 6 pi.
Reduced lung virus titers (10 mg/kg).
Eliminated detectable lung virus(100 mg/kg).
Caused a significant reduction in serum IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels on days 3 and 5 pi compared to untreated infected controls (10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg).
Animal Model: C57BL/6 mice (12-week-old, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model)[3]
Dosage: 250 mg/kg
Administration: i.p.; once daily; 20 days
Result: Stabilized clinical scores on day 16 post-immunization and maintained unchanged scores for the duration of the experiment, with a significantly lower mean clinical score at day 28 compared to control groups.
Achieved 89% survival rate (8 out of 9 mice) by day 35 post-immunization, compared to 50% in untreated EAE mice and less than 65% in solvent-treated mice.
Reduced CD3-positive T cell numbers in spinal cords compared to control groups.
Decreased CD68-positive activated microglia area in spinal cords compared to control groups.
Increased Olig-2-positive oligodendrocyte numbers significantly in spinal cords compared to control groups.
Elevated myelinated area (via PAS staining) significantly in spinal cords compared to control groups.
Animal Model: C57BL/6J mice (male, 25-30 g, focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion)[4]
Dosage: 1 mg/kg
Administration: i.p.; injected immediately before ischemia onset and 2 hours after reperfusion; injected immediately after reperfusion and 3 hours after reperfusion
Result: Reduced infarct volume and improved neurological score.
Attenuated stroke-induced increases in ipsilateral cortical brain water content.
Significantly increased the number of NeuN+ neurons in the ischemic core.
Significantly reduced the number of CD68+ macrophages/microglia in the ischemic core.
Significantly reduced serum HMGB1 concentrations.
Downregulated AQP4 protein expression in the cortical penumbra.
Reduced activation of GFAP+ astrocytes in the cortical penumbra.
Molecular Weight

307.34

Formula

C13H18NNaO4S
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(C1=CC=C(S(=O)(N(CCC)CCC)=O)C=C1)O[Na]
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (325.37 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.2537 mL 16.2686 mL 32.5373 mL
5 mM 0.6507 mL 3.2537 mL 6.5075 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
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Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

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Volume (start)

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C2

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V2

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

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(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.37%

SDS (396 KB)

COA (254 KB) HNMR (236 KB) LCMS (98 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.2537 mL 16.2686 mL 32.5373 mL 81.3431 mL
5 mM 0.6507 mL 3.2537 mL 6.5075 mL 16.2686 mL
10 mM 0.3254 mL 1.6269 mL 3.2537 mL 8.1343 mL
15 mM 0.2169 mL 1.0846 mL 2.1692 mL 5.4229 mL
20 mM 0.1627 mL 0.8134 mL 1.6269 mL 4.0672 mL
25 mM 0.1301 mL 0.6507 mL 1.3015 mL 3.2537 mL
30 mM 0.1085 mL 0.5423 mL 1.0846 mL 2.7114 mL
40 mM 0.0813 mL 0.4067 mL 0.8134 mL 2.0336 mL
50 mM 0.0651 mL 0.3254 mL 0.6507 mL 1.6269 mL
60 mM 0.0542 mL 0.2711 mL 0.5423 mL 1.3557 mL
80 mM 0.0407 mL 0.2034 mL 0.4067 mL 1.0168 mL
100 mM 0.0325 mL 0.1627 mL 0.3254 mL 0.8134 mL
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Probenecid sodium Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Probenecid23795-03-1Influenza VirusInterleukin RelatedILVeroE6 cellsinfluenza A(H7N9) virusesA549 cellsinfluenza A(H5N1) virusesinflammasomePannexin 1 channelexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisorganic anion transporterNHBE cellsaristolochic acid nephropathyInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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