Cat. No.: HY-17034A

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride

(Synonyms: (+)-Medetomidine hydrochloride; (S)-Medetomidine hydrochloride)

32 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 32 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride ((+)-Medetomidine hydrochloride) is a potent, selective and orally active agonist of α2-adrenoceptor, with a K_i of 1.08 nM. Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride shows 1620-fold selectivity against α1-adrenoceptor. Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride exhibits anxiolysis, sedation, and modest analgesia effects.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.94%
CAS No.: 145108-58-3
Formula: C₁₃H₁₇ClN₂
Molecular Weight:236.74

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 145108-58-3

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Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (32)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

α2-adrenergic receptor

1.08 nM (IC₅₀)

All Adrenergic Receptor Isoforms :

In Vitro

Medetomidine has high selectivity for α2-adrenoceptor, (K_i=1.08 nM) over α1 adrenoceptors (K_i=1750 nM) in rat brain membranes as measured by the displacement of [³H]clonidine^[1].
Medetomidine (0.1-100 nM) inhibits the twitch response in field-stimulated mouse vas deferens, with a pD₂ of 9.0^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Medetomidine (10-100 μg/kg; i.v. at 5-min intervals) produces a dose-dependent pupillary dilatation in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Female Sprague-Dawley rats (270-350 g)^[1]
Dosage:

1, 5, 10, 50, 100 mg/kg
Administration:

I.v. at 5-min intervals
Result:

Produced the pupil dilatation of 2.5 mm (approximately half of the maximum effect) at the cumulative dose of 4 μg/kg.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 145108-58-3
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 236.74
Formula C₁₃H₁₇ClN₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@H](C1=CN=CN1)C2=CC=CC(C)=C2C.Cl
Synonyms

(+)-Medetomidine hydrochloride; (S)-Medetomidine hydrochloride
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (32)

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Journal Impact Factor

Nat Commun

Porous microneedle patch with sustained delivery of extracellular vesicles mitigates severe spinal cord injury. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 7;14(1):4011. PMID: 37419902
Am J Chin Med

Ophiopogonin D from Ophiopogon japonicas-induced USP25 Activity to Reduce Ferroptosis of Macrophage in Acute Lung Injury by the Inhibition of Bound Rac1 and Nox1 Complex. [Abstract]

2025;53(2):501-522. PMID: 40099394
Cell Rep

Glymphatic influx is negatively correlated with cerebral blood volume in male mice. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 28;45(4):117182. PMID: 41904953
Drug Des Devel Ther

Dexmedetomidine Prolongs Lidocaine Intravenous Regional Anesthesia in Rats by Blocking the Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 9:18:1103-1114. PMID: 38618283
Cancer Metab

Dexmedetomidine promotes colorectal cancer progression mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 23;13(1):33. PMID: 40551256
Sci Rep

Dexmedetomidine regulates the SIRT3-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to protect against sepsis-induced intestinal injury. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 29;15(1):33699. PMID: 41023284
Mol Cell Biochem

Dexmedetomidine inhibits microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and glycolysis in postoperative cognitive dysfunction by promoting YTHDF2-mediated PKM2 mRNA degradation. [Abstract]

2026 May;481(5):2083-2095. PMID: 41925799
Mol Cell Biochem

Decoding dexmedetomidine's multiple mechanisms in atherosclerosis: effects on lipid metabolism, inflammation, cholesterol efflux, and foam cell formation. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 13. PMID: 41824202
Brain Res Bull

Dexmedetomidine ameliorates postoperative delirium-like behavior in aged mice by restoring microglial autophagy via MAPK14 inhibition. [Abstract]

2026 Apr:237:111839. PMID: 41865902
Brain Res Bull

Dexmedetomidine attenuates postoperative delirium by activating Nrf2 to reduce oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier disruption. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 24:230:111523. PMID: 40858194
Neurochem Res

Dexmedetomidine Promotes Angiogenesis After Ischemic Stroke Through the NRF2/HO-1/VEGF Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 9;50(2):138. PMID: 40202562
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)

Dexmedetomidine Protects the Brain: Exploring the α2AR/FAK Pathway in Post-Stroke Intestinal Barrier Repair. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 20;30(2):27159. PMID: 40018945
Metab Brain Dis

Dexmedetomidine alleviates ferroptosis caused by traumatic brain injury via the NRF2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 5;40(8):306. PMID: 41191138
Hum Exp Toxicol

Protective effects of dexmedetomidine against propofol-induced memory impairment in developing rat involved Src and RARα. [Abstract]

2025 Jan-Dec:44:9603271251336467. PMID: 40296644
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Activating Autophagy Via AMPK/mTOR Pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Feb;39(1):33-42. PMID: 37392236
Hum Exp Toxicol

Protective effect of dexmedetomidine on neuronal hypoxic injury through inhibition of miR-134. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;40(12):2145-2155. PMID: 34121490
Chem Biol Drug Des

The Role of the Sirt1/Foxo3a Pathway in Mitigating Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Dexmedetomidine. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;105(4):e70100. PMID: 40230274
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol

Dexmedetomidine Inhibits NF-κB-Transcriptional Activity in Neurons Undergoing Ischemia-Reperfusion by Regulating O-GlcNAcylation of SNW1. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 19;81(10):836-849. PMID: 35818332
BMC Anesthesiol

Dexmedetomidine may alleviate severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury by targeting the AIM2 inflammasome in endothelial cells. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 1. PMID: 42226110
Brain Res

Role of dexmedetomidine in postoperative cognitive dysfunction and sleep improvement in aged rats by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its mechanism. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 1:1852:149482. PMID: 39892804
Tissue Cell

Rosmarinic acid ameliorates radiation-induced intestinal injury through PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/MMP9 axis inhibition: From network pharmacology prediction to experimental validation. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 8:103:103683. PMID: 42269422
Kaohsiung J Med Sci

Dexmedetomidine Blocks the ERK Pathway by Inhibiting MAP3K8 to Achieve a Protective Effect in Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. [Abstract]

2025 Sep;41(9):e70045. PMID: 40372180
Dose Response

Dexmedetomidine Improves BBB and Neuronal Damage in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Repressing S100A4-Mediated Astrocytic Reactivity. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 24;24(2):15593258261445031. PMID: 42064389
Pharmacology

Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury of H9C2 Myocardial Cells by Upregulating miR-146a Expression via the MAPK Signal Pathway. [Abstract]

2022;107(1-2):14-27. PMID: 34718238
Eur J Neurosci

Dexmedetomidine attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis of neonatal hippocampal astrocytes by inhibiting the Bcl2l1 signalling pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Dec;54(11):7775-7789. PMID: 34734676
Histol Histopathol

The mechanism of dexmedetomidine regulation of the HIF-1α/FUNDC1 axis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;40(12):2047-2058. PMID: 40235277
Exp Brain Res

Dexmedetomidine inhibits microglia ferroptosis to relieve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats through JPX/HIF-1/DHODH pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 15;244(7):135. PMID: 42295409
J Toxicol Sci

Dexmedetomidine protects against Ropivacaine-induced neuronal pyroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. [Abstract]

2023;48(3):139-148. PMID: 36858639
Mol Cell Toxicol

2023 Jun 2.
bioRxiv

2026 Mar 7.
University of Colorado Denver

2024.
Biomed Pharmacother

Dexmedetomidine alleviates ferroptosis following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by upregulating Nrf2/GPx4-dependent antioxidant responses. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 31:169:115915. PMID: 38000361

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Dec 31:169:115915. [Abstract]

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) (10 nM; 24 h) treatment significantly reduced the number of AML12 cells damaged via OGD/R.

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Dec 31:169:115915. [Abstract]

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) (50 mg/kg; i.p.) treatment significantly ameliorated the hepatic pathological changes in the HIRI mice.

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Dec 31:169:115915. [Abstract]

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) (50 mg/kg; i.p.) treatment significantly reduced ALT and AST levels in the HIRI model mice.

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Dec 31:169:115915. [Abstract]

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) (10 nM; 24 h) increased GPX4 and SLC7A11 mRNA levels in OGD/R-induced AML12 cells.

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Dec 31:169:115915. [Abstract]

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) (10 nM; 24 h) significantly increased the protein expression and nuclear levels of Nrf2 in OGD/R-treated AML12 cells.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (1056.01 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (211.20 mM)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

4.2240 mL

21.1202 mL

42.2404 mL

5 mM

0.8448 mL

4.2240 mL

8.4481 mL

10 mM

0.4224 mL

2.1120 mL

4.2240 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.79 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.79 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.79 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (275 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Virtanen R, et, al. Characterization of the selectivity, specificity and potency of medetomidine as an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 1988 May 20;150(1-2):9-14. [Content Brief]

[2]. Gertler R, et, al. Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative-analgesic agent. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001 Jan;14(1):13-21. [Content Brief]

[3]. Sajid B, et, al. A comparison of oral dexmedetomidine and oral midazolam as premedicants in children. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. Jan-Mar 2019;35(1):36-40. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	4.2240 mL	21.1202 mL	42.2404 mL	105.6011 mL
	5 mM	0.8448 mL	4.2240 mL	8.4481 mL	21.1202 mL
	10 mM	0.4224 mL	2.1120 mL	4.2240 mL	10.5601 mL
	15 mM	0.2816 mL	1.4080 mL	2.8160 mL	7.0401 mL
	20 mM	0.2112 mL	1.0560 mL	2.1120 mL	5.2801 mL
	25 mM	0.1690 mL	0.8448 mL	1.6896 mL	4.2240 mL
	30 mM	0.1408 mL	0.7040 mL	1.4080 mL	3.5200 mL
	40 mM	0.1056 mL	0.5280 mL	1.0560 mL	2.6400 mL
	50 mM	0.0845 mL	0.4224 mL	0.8448 mL	2.1120 mL
	60 mM	0.0704 mL	0.3520 mL	0.7040 mL	1.7600 mL
	80 mM	0.0528 mL	0.2640 mL	0.5280 mL	1.3200 mL
	100 mM	0.0422 mL	0.2112 mL	0.4224 mL	1.0560 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride

32 Cited Publications

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Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride

All Adrenergic Receptor Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (32)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride Related Classifications

HY-17034A Related Classifications