Imidazole ketone erastin
Based on 52 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Imidazole ketone erastin is a potent, selective, and metabolically stable inhibitor of the cystine-glutamate antiporter, system xc- and an activator of ferroptosis. Imidazole ketone erastin has anti-tumor activity.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.77%
- CAS No.: 1801530-11-9
- Formula: C35H35ClN6O5
- Molecular Weight:655.14
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Imidazole ketone erastin
More- Nature. 2022 Jun;606(7915):776-784. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2023 Jun 22;186(13):2748-2764.e22. [Abstract]
- Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Dec 25.
- Nat Cancer. 2025 May;6(5):768-785. [Abstract]
- Nat Cancer. 2022 Apr;3(4):471-485. [Abstract]
- Cyborg Bionic Syst. 2025 Oct 29.
- Autophagy. 2026 Feb 15:1-19. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 May 11;17(1):4190. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Mar 21;15(1):2531. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 11;12(1):1589. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2026 May:92:104086. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2023 Jun:62:102661. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2025 Sep 4;85(17):3333-3342.e4. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2025 Aug 7;85(15):2973-2987.e6. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2025 Jan 1;15(3):836-849. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 14:e17330. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Mar;12(12):e2408845. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2025 Mar;32(3):506-520. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Jan 20;16(1):30. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Sep 8;12(9):839. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2024 Nov 24;12(11):e009805. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2024 May 27;22(1):292. [Abstract]
- Mater Today Bio. 2026 Feb 18:37:102945. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2024 Mar 1;10(1):108. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Dec 8;117(49):31189-31197. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Nov 1:224:310-324. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2022 Feb;12(2):e747. [Abstract]
- EMBO Mol Med. 2021 Aug 9;13(8):e13792. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Nov 25;44(11):116543. [Abstract]
- Mol Cancer Ther. 2024 Nov 4;23(11):1652-1665. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Jun 28:274:114064. [Abstract]
- Bone Joint Res. 2026 May 8;15(5):482-496. [Abstract]
- Biol Direct. 2025 Feb 7;20(1):19. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2025 Mar:127:111583. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2024 Apr;300(4):107202. [Abstract]
- Mol Carcinog. 2025 Jul 17. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 Nov 12:733:150436. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Jan 15:536:100-106. [Abstract]
- STAR Protoc. 2023 Dec 3;4(4):102762. [Abstract]
- Queen Mary University of London. 2025.
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 2.
- Res Sq. 2025 Sep 9.
- University of Miami. 2025.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Sep 13:2024.09.09.612133. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Jun:175:116727. [Abstract]
- Ruperto Carola University Heidelberg. 2023 Jun 20.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jul 19:2022:5361241. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20210380988A1.
- University of Michigan. 2020 Oct.
- bioRxiv. 2020 Feb 2.
- bioRxiv. 2019 N0v 1.
- bioRxiv. 2019 Oct.
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biological Activity
System Xc-, ferroptosis[1]
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCF-STTG1 | IC50 |
30 nM
Compound: IKE
|
Inhibition of Xct in human CCF-STTG1 cells assessed as glutamate release after 2 hrs by fluorometry
Inhibition of Xct in human CCF-STTG1 cells assessed as glutamate release after 2 hrs by fluorometry
|
[PMID: 26231156] |
| DOHH-2 | IC50 |
0.014 μM
Compound: 6; IKE
|
Anticancer activity against human DOHH-2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
Anticancer activity against human DOHH-2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
|
[PMID: 36332549] |
| HT-1080 | GI50 |
314 nM
Compound: IKE
|
Growth inhibition of human HT1080 cells after 48 hrs by alamar blue assay
Growth inhibition of human HT1080 cells after 48 hrs by alamar blue assay
|
[PMID: 26231156] |
| SU-DHL10 | IC50 |
0.004 μM
Compound: 6; IKE
|
Anticancer activity against human SU-DHL-10 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
Anticancer activity against human SU-DHL-10 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
|
[PMID: 36332549] |
| SU-DHL-16 | IC50 |
0.012 μM
Compound: 6; IKE
|
Anticancer activity against human SU-DHL-16 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
Anticancer activity against human SU-DHL-16 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
|
[PMID: 36332549] |
| SU-DHL-2 | IC50 |
0.021 μM
Compound: 6; IKE
|
Anticancer activity against human SUDHL2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
Anticancer activity against human SUDHL2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
|
[PMID: 36332549] |
| SU-DHL-5 | IC50 |
0.001 μM
Compound: 6; IKE
|
Anticancer activity against human SU-DHL-5 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
Anticancer activity against human SU-DHL-5 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
|
[PMID: 36332549] |
| SU-DHL-6 | IC50 |
0.001 μM
Compound: 6; IKE
|
Anticancer activity against human SU-DHL-6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
Anticancer activity against human SU-DHL-6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay
|
[PMID: 36332549] |
Imidazole ketone erastin (IKE) (0.1 nM-100 μM; 24 h) potently reduces diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell number by lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis[1].
IKE (1-250 nM; 24 h) depletes reduced glutathione (GSH) in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 34 nM in SUDHL6 cells[1].
IKE (125-500 nM) increases lipid ROS in a dose-dependent manner in SUDHL-6 cells[1].
IKE (500 nM; 5-360 min) increases the system xc component SLC7A11, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) expression in SUDHL-6 cells[1].
IKE (500 nM and 1 μM) changes the relative abundance of 62 lipid species including lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and triglycerides (TAGs) in SUDHL6 cells[1].
IKE (500 nM) activates de novo lipid biosynthesis pathways, phospholipid remodeling pathways, and arachidonic acid oxidation pathways in SUDHL6 cells[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
IKE (50 mg/kg; a single i.p) depletes GSH significantly starting from 4 h, and increases in the relative abundance of free fatty acids, phospholipids, and diacylglycerols (DAG) in mice[1].
IKE (50 mg/kg) exhibits half-life (1.82, 1.31, and 0.96 h) and Cmax (19515, 11384, and 5203 ng/mL) following different administration (i.p., i.v., and p.o. respectively) in mice[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male NCG mice bearing SUDHL6 subcutaneous xenografts[1]
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Dosage:23, 40 mg/kg
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Administration:I.p. injection once daily for 13 days
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Result:Caused a significant decrease in tumor growth starting from day 9.
Had a weight loss starting from day 9.
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Animal Model:NOD/SCID mice (12 weeks old; ~28 g weight)[1]
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Dosage:50 mg/kg (Pharmacokinetic Analysis)
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Administration:A single i.p., i.v., and p.o. administration
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Result:I.p.: T1/2=1.82 h, Cmax=19515 ng/mL.
I.v.: T1/2=1.31 h, Cmax=11384 ng/mL.
P.o.: T1/2=0.96 h, Cmax=5203 ng/mL.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1801530-11-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 655.14
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Formula C35H35ClN6O5
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Color White to yellow
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SMILES
O=C1N(C2=CC(C(CN3C=CN=C3)=O)=CC=C2OC(C)C)C(CN4CCN(C(COC5=CC=C(Cl)C=C5)=O)CC4)=NC6=CC=CC=C61
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Synonyms
IKE
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (52)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
Targeting SLC7A11 improves efferocytosis by dendritic cells and wound healing in diabetes. [Abstract]2022 Jun;606(7915):776-784. PMID: 35614212 -
Cell
Ferroptosis surveillance independent of GPX4 and differentially regulated by sex hormones. [Abstract]2023 Jun 22;186(13):2748-2764.e22. PMID: 37267948 -
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Nat Cancer
Palmitoylation of GPX4 via the targetable ZDHHC8 determines ferroptosis sensitivity and antitumor immunity. [Abstract]2025 May;6(5):768-785. PMID: 40108413 -
Nat Cancer
2022 Apr;3(4):471-485. PMID: 35484422
Imidazole ketone erastin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Cancer. 2022 Apr;3(4):471-485. [Abstract]
Imidazole ketone erastin and PPG were used at a concentration of 45 mg/kg/d through intraperitoneal injection. Tumor weight after combination treatment with IKE and PPG was measured.
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Autophagy
Kitasamycin overcomes ferroptosis and immunotherapy resistance by targeting the HUWE1-NCOA4-FTH1 axis. [Abstract]2026 Feb 15:1-19. PMID: 41612599 -
Nat Commun
Ascites protects against ferroptosis and enables the peritoneal growth of ovarian cancer. [Abstract]2026 May 11;17(1):4190. PMID: 42115216 -
Nat Commun
2024 Mar 21;15(1):2531. PMID: 38514704
Imidazole ketone erastin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Mar 21;15(1):2531. [Abstract]
Cell viability of A549 sgNC re-expressed with vector, sgGAS41 cells re-expressed with vector, GAS41 WT, GAS41 W93A mutant, or GAS41 L211A mutants was treated with imidazole ketone erastin (3 μM, right panel) for 24 h.
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Nat Commun
mTORC1 couples cyst(e)ine availability with GPX4 protein synthesis and ferroptosis regulation. [Abstract]2021 Mar 11;12(1):1589. PMID: 33707434 -
Redox Biol
USP20 governs tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance through ferroptosis evasion by targeting GPX4 in cancers. [Abstract]2026 May:92:104086. PMID: 41844497 -
Redox Biol
Cholesterol confers ferroptosis resistance onto myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells and prevents irradiation-induced myelosuppression. [Abstract]2023 Jun:62:102661. PMID: 36906952 -
Mol Cell
2025 Sep 4;85(17):3333-3342.e4. PMID: 40858109 -
Mol Cell
2025 Aug 7;85(15):2973-2987.e6. PMID: 40712585
Imidazole ketone erastin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2025 Aug 7;85(15):2973-2987.e6. [Abstract]
KU1919 cells were treated with DMSO or 5 μM tazemetostat for 24 hours, followed by 24-hour treatment with 5 μM imidazole ketone erastin.
Imidazole ketone erastin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2025 Aug 7;85(15):2973-2987.e6. [Abstract]
Imidazole ketone erastin (50 mg/kg, i.p. injection) was administered. Growth curves of tumors derived from KU1919 cells in xenograft mouse models were recorded.
Imidazole ketone erastin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell. 2025 Aug 7;85(15):2973-2987.e6. [Abstract]
Imidazole ketone erastin (50 mg/kg, i.p. injection) was administered. Representative H&E and immunostaining images of Ki67, ACSL4, ETNK1, PTGS2, 4-HNE and SO2/3-PRDX3 were shown from sections of xenograft tumors with indicated treatment. Scale bars: 40 μm.
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Theranostics
2025 Jan 1;15(3):836-849. PMID: 39776801 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Obesity-Associated TRIM15 Promotes the Proliferation of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Through the YY2/FOXRED1 Axis. [Abstract]2025 Nov 14:e17330. PMID: 41237333 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2025 Mar;12(12):e2408845. PMID: 39888307 -
Cell Death Differ
The AKR1C1-CYP1B1-cAMP signaling axis controls tumorigenicity and ferroptosis susceptibility of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Mar;32(3):506-520. PMID: 39478199 -
Cell Death Dis
Targeting estrogen-regulated system xc- promotes ferroptosis and endocrine sensitivity of ER+ breast cancer. [Abstract]2025 Jan 20;16(1):30. PMID: 39833180 -
Cell Death Dis
2021 Sep 8;12(9):839. PMID: 34497268 -
J Immunother Cancer
Propafenone facilitates mitochondrial-associated ferroptosis and synergizes with immunotherapy in melanoma. [Abstract]2024 Nov 24;12(11):e009805. PMID: 39581704 -
Cell Commun Signal
Megakaryocytic IGF1 coordinates activation and ferroptosis to safeguard hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after radiation injury. [Abstract]2024 May 27;22(1):292. PMID: 38802843 -
Mater Today Bio
Application of a novel myristoylproteomics approach identifies GLIPR2 as a key pro-ferroptotic substrate in non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]2026 Feb 18:37:102945. PMID: 41782991 -
Cell Death Discov
Coculture with macrophages alters ferroptosis susceptibility of triple-negative cancer cells. [Abstract]2024 Mar 1;10(1):108. PMID: 38429255 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Oncogenic activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling suppresses ferroptosis via SREBP-mediated lipogenesis. [Abstract]2020 Dec 8;117(49):31189-31197. PMID: 33229547 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Targeting ALDH2 to augment platinum-based chemosensitivity through ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]2024 Nov 1:224:310-324. PMID: 39216560 -
Clin Transl Med
Tumour cells are sensitised to ferroptosis via RB1CC1-mediated transcriptional reprogramming. [Abstract]2022 Feb;12(2):e747. PMID: 35220675 -
EMBO Mol Med
2021 Aug 9;13(8):e13792. PMID: 34223704 -
Cell Rep
2025 Nov 25;44(11):116543. PMID: 41206865 -
Mol Cancer Ther
YAP1 suppression by ZDHHC7 is associated with ferroptosis resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2024 Nov 4;23(11):1652-1665. PMID: 38958503 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Guizhi Fuling Capsule ameliorates endometrial hyperplasia through promoting p62-Keap1-NRF2-mediated ferroptosis. [Abstract]2021 Jun 28:274:114064. PMID: 33771639 -
Bone Joint Res
Kaempferol suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit to inhibit ferroptosis resistance. [Abstract]2026 May 8;15(5):482-496. PMID: 42097618 -
Biol Direct
2025 Feb 7;20(1):19. PMID: 39920793 -
Cell Signal
HDAC inhibitor enhances ferroptosis susceptibility of AML cells by stimulating iron metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Mar:127:111583. PMID: 39756501 -
J Biol Chem
YAP/TAZ-mediated regulation of laminin 332 is enabled by β4 integrin repression of ZEB1 to promote ferroptosis resistance. [Abstract]2024 Apr;300(4):107202. PMID: 38508310 -
Mol Carcinog
Pregnane X Receptor Activation Induces Ferroptosis Resistance Through Upregulation of FSP1. [Abstract]2025 Jul 17. PMID: 40674609 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2024 Nov 12:733:150436. PMID: 39053102 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2021 Jan 15:536:100-106. PMID: 33373853 -
STAR Protoc
2023 Dec 3;4(4):102762. PMID: 38048220 -
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bioRxiv
NRF2 translation block by inhibition of cap-dependent initiation sensitizes lymphoma cells to ferroptosis and CAR-T immunotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Sep 13:2024.09.09.612133. PMID: 39314323 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Elesclomol-copper synergizes with imidazole ketone erastin by promoting cuproptosis and ferroptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes. [Abstract]2024 Jun:175:116727. PMID: 38733771 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Vitamin C Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis by Activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HMOX1 Pathway. [Abstract]2022 Jul 19:2022:5361241. PMID: 35915609 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (152.64 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.82 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
-
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.5264 mL | 7.6320 mL | 15.2639 mL | 38.1598 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3053 mL | 1.5264 mL | 3.0528 mL | 7.6320 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1526 mL | 0.7632 mL | 1.5264 mL | 3.8160 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1018 mL | 0.5088 mL | 1.0176 mL | 2.5440 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0763 mL | 0.3816 mL | 0.7632 mL | 1.9080 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0611 mL | 0.3053 mL | 0.6106 mL | 1.5264 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0509 mL | 0.2544 mL | 0.5088 mL | 1.2720 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0382 mL | 0.1908 mL | 0.3816 mL | 0.9540 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0305 mL | 0.1526 mL | 0.3053 mL | 0.7632 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0254 mL | 0.1272 mL | 0.2544 mL | 0.6360 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0191 mL | 0.0954 mL | 0.1908 mL | 0.4770 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0153 mL | 0.0763 mL | 0.1526 mL | 0.3816 mL |