Cat. No.: HY-B1035

Levobunolol hydrochloride

(Synonyms: l-Bunolol hydrochloride)

1 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Levobunolol (l-Bunolol) hydrochloride is a non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist and vasodilator. By blocking calcium ion influx and reducing the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to calcium, Levobunolol hydrochloride effectively dilates the ciliary arteries and increases ocular blood flow, so it is widely used in research on glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Levobunolol hydrochloride inhibits the β-receptor signaling pathway and the expression of related proliferation markers (such as CK3, CK14, CK19, Ki67) in corneal cells. In rabbit models, Levobunolol hydrochloride not only does not inhibit corneal epithelial regeneration, but also accelerates the healing of mechanical injury without adverse effects. Levobunolol hydrochloride also inhibits histamine-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium elevation, exhibiting unique vascular regulatory activity. Levobunolol hydrochloride protects ocular blood flow and promotes corneal repair.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.95%
CAS No.: 27912-14-7
Formula: C₁₇H₂₆ClNO₃
Molecular Weight:327.85

Storage:

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Levobunolol hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 27912-14-7

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (1)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

β adrenergic receptor

All Adrenergic Receptor Isoforms :

All Calcium Channel Isoforms :

All Casein Kinase Isoforms :

In Vitro

Levobunolol (50 μM; 24 h) significantly inhibits the migration and proliferation of corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells in TKE2 mice^[1].
Levobunolol (50 μM; 7 d) reduces the clone size of corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells in TKE2 mice without affecting the number of clones^[1].
Levobunolol hydrochloride (10 μM-0.3 mM; 10-30 min) induces concentration-dependent relaxation in isolated rabbit ciliary arterial rings precontracted by various stimuli, with the strongest inhibitory potency against histamine-induced contraction (EC₅₀=20.7 μM). This relaxation effect is independent of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and vascular endothelium^[3].
Levobunolol hydrochloride (10 μM) does not bind to recombinant human histamine H₁ receptors, but exhibits partial inhibitory effects on the binding of [³H]tiotidine to histamine H₂ receptors^[3].
Levobunolol hydrochloride (3 μM) significantly inhibits histamine-induced elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i in human aortic smooth muscle cells cultured in calcium-containing medium, but exerts no effect on this response in calcium-free medium^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Migration Assay^[1]

Cell Line:

TKE2 (murine corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells)
Concentration:

50 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly reduced the migration capacity of TKE2 cells, as measured by the percentage of wound area remaining after 24 h.
Significantly reduced the absorbance at 450 nm, indicating decreased cell proliferation compared to control.

In Vivo

Levobunolol (hydrochloride) (5 mg/mL; topical; 4 times daily) marginally impairs corneal epithelial wound healing and reduces expression of corneal differentiation and stem cell markers in Mus musculus with 2.5 mm central corneal epithelial scrapes^[1].
Levobunolol (hydrochloride) (0.25%; topical; every 12 hours) accelerates rabbit corneal epithelial wound healing, with a mean wound radius of 1.58 mm at 50% closure, a healing rate of 5.00 μm/h, and projected closure before 60 hours^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old, 20-25 g, central corneal epithelium scraped using a 2.5 mm trephine)^[1]
Dosage:

5 mg/mL
Administration:

topical; 4 times daily
Result:

Showed a marginally significant reduction in corneal epithelial healing rate compared to control.
Reduced relative fluorescence intensities of differentiation marker CK3, and stem cell markers CK14 and CK19 by ~20-30% for 2.5 mm wounds.

Animal Model:

New Zealand white rabbits (2-3 kg)^[2]
Dosage:

0.25%
Administration:

topical; every 12 hours
Result:

Exhibited a mean wound radius of 1.58 mm at 50% closure time (32 hours post-wounding, p = 0.0001 vs saline controls).
Achieved a linear phase wound healing slope of 5.00 (SD 0.24) μm/h.
Reached projected wound closure time of less than 60 hours.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 27912-14-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 327.85
Formula C₁₇H₂₆ClNO₃
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C1CCCC2=C1C=CC=C2OC[C@@H](O)CNC(C)(C)C.[H]Cl
Synonyms

l-Bunolol hydrochloride
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (1)

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Journal Impact Factor

BMC Ophthalmol

β-blocker eye drops affect ocular surface through β2 adrenoceptor of corneal limbal stem cells. [Abstract]

2021 Dec 5;21(1):419. PMID: 34863129

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 50 mg/mL (152.51 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (152.51 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.0502 mL

15.2509 mL

30.5018 mL

5 mM

0.6100 mL

3.0502 mL

6.1004 mL

10 mM

0.3050 mL

1.5251 mL

3.0502 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.34 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.34 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.34 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 50 mg/mL (152.51 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (279 KB)
SDS (392 KB)
- English - EN (392 KB)
- Français - FR (392 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (392 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (392 KB)
- Español - ES (392 KB)
- Swedish - SV (392 KB)
- Italian - IT (392 KB)
- Korean - KR (392 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (392 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Yuan X, et al. β-blocker eye drops affect ocular surface through β2 adrenoceptor of corneal limbal stem cells[J]. BMC ophthalmology, 2021, 21(1): 419.

[2]. Reidy J J, et al. Effect of topical beta blockers on corneal epithelial wound healing in the rabbit[J]. British journal of ophthalmology, 1994, 78(5): 377-380.

[3]. Dong Y, et al. Vasodilatory mechanism of levobunolol on vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007;84(6):1039-1046. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	3.0502 mL	15.2509 mL	30.5018 mL	76.2544 mL
	5 mM	0.6100 mL	3.0502 mL	6.1004 mL	15.2509 mL
	10 mM	0.3050 mL	1.5251 mL	3.0502 mL	7.6254 mL
	15 mM	0.2033 mL	1.0167 mL	2.0335 mL	5.0836 mL
	20 mM	0.1525 mL	0.7625 mL	1.5251 mL	3.8127 mL
	25 mM	0.1220 mL	0.6100 mL	1.2201 mL	3.0502 mL
	30 mM	0.1017 mL	0.5084 mL	1.0167 mL	2.5418 mL
	40 mM	0.0763 mL	0.3813 mL	0.7625 mL	1.9064 mL
	50 mM	0.0610 mL	0.3050 mL	0.6100 mL	1.5251 mL
	60 mM	0.0508 mL	0.2542 mL	0.5084 mL	1.2709 mL
	80 mM	0.0381 mL	0.1906 mL	0.3813 mL	0.9532 mL
	100 mM	0.0305 mL	0.1525 mL	0.3050 mL	0.7625 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Levobunolol hydrochloride

1 Cited Publications

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Levobunolol hydrochloride

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Levobunolol hydrochloride

All Adrenergic Receptor Isoforms

All Calcium Channel Isoforms

All Casein Kinase Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (1)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Levobunolol hydrochloride Related Classifications

HY-B1035 Related Classifications