Apraclonidine hydrochloride
Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Apraclonidine hydrochloride (ALO 2145), a selective α2 and weak α1 receptor agonist activity, effectively lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in human eyes. Apraclonidine hydrochloride is a topical ophthalmic solution and has the ability to elevate the eye lid.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.96%
- CAS No.: 73218-79-8
- Formula: C9H11Cl3N4
- Molecular Weight:281.57
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Apraclonidine hydrochloride
MoreAll Adrenergic Receptor Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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α adrenergic receptor |
Apraclonidine hydrochloride (ALO 2145) is more commonly used topically for glaucoma, as it penetrates the cornea and blood-brain barrier to a lesser extent and, thus, has fewer adverse systemic effects[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:male rabbits[3].
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Dosage:1.15%
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Administration:Apraclonidine (1.15%, single instillation)
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Result:Inhibited PGE2-induced elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented rabbits.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 73218-79-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 281.57
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Formula C9H11Cl3N4
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
NC1=CC(Cl)=C(NC2=NCCN2)C(Cl)=C1.[H]Cl
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Synonyms
ALO 2145
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (3)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Anal Chim Acta
Bifunctional Ti4+-modified paper for selective extraction or removal of phospholipids and paper spray mass spectrometry for bioanalysis in urine and plasma. [Abstract]2023 Oct 16:1278:341673. PMID: 37709425 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 125 mg/mL (443.94 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : ≥ 12.5 mg/mL (44.39 mM)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.39 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.39 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (480 KB)
- English - EN (480 KB)
- Français - FR (480 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (480 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (480 KB)
- Español - ES (480 KB)
- Swedish - SV (480 KB)
- Italian - IT (480 KB)
- Korean - KR (480 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (480 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Wijemanne S, et al. Apraclonidine in the treatment of ptosis. J Neurol Sci. 2017;376:129‐132. [Content Brief]
[2]. Searles RV, et al. Aqueous humor dynamics in anesthetized rats infused with intracameral apraclonidine. Pharmacology. 1999;58(4):220‐226. [Content Brief]
[3]. Yoriko Hayasaka, et al. Effects of topical antiglaucoma eye drops on prostaglandin E(2)-induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 3.5515 mL | 17.7576 mL | 35.5151 mL | 88.7879 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7103 mL | 3.5515 mL | 7.1030 mL | 17.7576 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3552 mL | 1.7758 mL | 3.5515 mL | 8.8788 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2368 mL | 1.1838 mL | 2.3677 mL | 5.9192 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1776 mL | 0.8879 mL | 1.7758 mL | 4.4394 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1421 mL | 0.7103 mL | 1.4206 mL | 3.5515 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1184 mL | 0.5919 mL | 1.1838 mL | 2.9596 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0888 mL | 0.4439 mL | 0.8879 mL | 2.2197 mL | |
| DMSO | 50 mM | 0.0710 mL | 0.3552 mL | 0.7103 mL | 1.7758 mL |
| 60 mM | 0.0592 mL | 0.2960 mL | 0.5919 mL | 1.4798 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0444 mL | 0.2220 mL | 0.4439 mL | 1.1098 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0355 mL | 0.1776 mL | 0.3552 mL | 0.8879 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Apraclonidine hydrochloride Related Classifications
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