Platelet Factor 4
PF-4/CXCL4 is a member of the CXC chemokine family that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets. PF-4/CXCL4 binds with high affinity to heparin, with antiheparin, antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory activities. PF-4/CXCL4 plays a role in hematopoiesis and immune cell modulation. In megakaryocytes CXCL4 is synthesized, enclosed in vesicles, and transferred to the α granules from which it is secreted following platelet activation. CXCL4 expression is also found in microglia, monocytes and activated T-cells[1][2].
CXCL4 shows pleiotropic biological functions. Firstly, CXCL4 activates platelets, modulates platelet aggregation and stimulates release of α-granule proteins. CXCL4 has a role in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Secondly, CXCL4 inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration, leading to suppression of angiogenesis. Thirdly, CXCL4 expresses immunomodulatory activities, such as down-regulation of IFN- production by type 1 T-helper (Th1) cells and up-regulation of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in type 2 T-helper (Th2) cells. Fourthly, CXCL4 influences hematopoiesis, inhibiting megakaryocytopoiesis and the proliferation of committed erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage colonies, as well as of primitive CD34+ progenitors. Moreover, CXCL4 is also highly upregulated in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in systemic sclerosis and dendritic cells (DCs) after severe trauma[1][2][3].
- [1]. Lasagni L, et al. PF-4/CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 exhibit distinct subcellular localization and a differentially regulated mechanism of secretion. Blood. 2007 May 15;109(10):4127-34. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Pieter Ruytinx, et al. CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 in cancer. Cytokine. 2018 Sep;109:65-71. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Gabriele Domschke, et al. CXCL4-induced macrophages in human atherosclerosis. Cytokine. 2019 Oct;122:154141. [Content Brief]
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Platelet Factor 4 Recombinant Proteins (9)
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Recombinant Protein Expression Service
- Codon Optimization
- Gene Synthesis
- Construction of Expression Vector
- Strain Screening
- Protein Expression
- Purification & QC
- Protein Delivery
- Formule: Human
- Masse moléculaire: Sf9 insect cells
The EpCAM/TROP1 protein serves as an important homogeneous interacting molecule that promotes direct contact between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the mucosal epithelium. This feature helps establish an immune barrier against mucosal infections. EpCAM/TROP1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived EpCAM/TROP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
