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  4. Linuron

Linuron is a phenylurea herbicide widely used to control the growth of grasses and weeds in various crops and orchards. Linuron acts as a photosystem II inhibitor. It also functions as a competitive androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, with an EC50 of 200 μM and a Ki of 100 μM against rat AR, and an EC50 of 20 μM against human AR. Linuron exhibits reproductive toxicity in animals and acts as an endocrine disruptor.\n


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Linuron

Linuron Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 330-55-2

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO In-stock
Solid
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10 mg In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Linuron:

Linuron Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE Linuron

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Linuron is a phenylurea herbicide widely used to control the growth of grasses and weeds in various crops and orchards. Linuron acts as a photosystem II inhibitor. It also functions as a competitive androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, with an EC50 of 200 μM and a Ki of 100 μM against rat AR, and an EC50 of 20 μM against human AR. Linuron exhibits reproductive toxicity in animals and acts as an endocrine disruptor[1][2][3][4].\n
IC50 & Target

Ki: 100 μM (Androgen receptor)[2]
Photosystem II[4]
In Vitro

Linuron (10 mg/L; 5 days) inhibits growth of green and etiolated Secale cereale L. cv. Dankowskie Zlote seedlings at 22 °C, but increases seedling biomass at 15 °C and 29 °C, while reducing seedling moisture content at 22 °C[4].
Linuron (10 mg/L; 5 days) increases alkylresorcinol content in green and etiolated Secale cereale L. cv. Dankowskie Zlote seedlings at 29 °C, decreases content at 22 °C, and has no significant effect at 15 °C[4].
Linuron (10 mg/L; 5 days) alters the alkylresorcinol homolog composition of green and etiolated Secale cereale L. cv. Dankowskie Zlote seedlings in a temperature-dependent manner, with major impacts on the dominant AR C17:0 and AR C19:0 homologs[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Linuron Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Linuron (50-200 mg/kg; intragastric administration; consecutive daily dosing for 5 days, from gestational day 13 to gestational day 18) exerts dose-dependent developmental and reproductive toxicity on male rat offspring[1].
Linuron (100 mg/kg/day; oral administration; once daily for 7 consecutive days) induces reproductive malformations in male rats[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley (pregnant dams; male fetal and postnatal offspring; dams 9 weeks old, 180 ± 10 g at study start)[1]
Dosage: 50 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg; 150 mg/kg; 200 mg/kg
Administration: i.g.; once
daily; 5 consecutive days (GD13-GD18)
Result: Caused dose-dependent developmental reproductive toxicity in male rat offspring, including reduced serum testosterone (up to 58.8% reduction at 200 mg/kg), shortened anogenital distance (up to 24.6% reduction at 200 mg/kg), structural damage to reproductive organs, and reduced expression of testosterone synthesis enzymes and proliferation markers in fetal testes
Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley (SD) (male) [3]
Dosage: 100 mg/kg/day
Administration: p.o.; daily; 7 days
Result: Significantly reduced weights of androgen-dependent seminal vesicle, ventral prostate, and LABC tissues, increases adrenal weight, and reduces body weight gain.
Molecular Weight

249.09

Formula

C9H10Cl2N2O2
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1)N(OC)C
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (401.46 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.0146 mL 20.0731 mL 40.1461 mL
5 mM 0.8029 mL 4.0146 mL 8.0292 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.04 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.04 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.88%

SDS (761 KB)

COA (246 KB) LCMS (93 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 4.0146 mL 20.0731 mL 40.1461 mL 100.3653 mL
5 mM 0.8029 mL 4.0146 mL 8.0292 mL 20.0731 mL
10 mM 0.4015 mL 2.0073 mL 4.0146 mL 10.0365 mL
15 mM 0.2676 mL 1.3382 mL 2.6764 mL 6.6910 mL
20 mM 0.2007 mL 1.0037 mL 2.0073 mL 5.0183 mL
25 mM 0.1606 mL 0.8029 mL 1.6058 mL 4.0146 mL
30 mM 0.1338 mL 0.6691 mL 1.3382 mL 3.3455 mL
40 mM 0.1004 mL 0.5018 mL 1.0037 mL 2.5091 mL
50 mM 0.0803 mL 0.4015 mL 0.8029 mL 2.0073 mL
60 mM 0.0669 mL 0.3346 mL 0.6691 mL 1.6728 mL
80 mM 0.0502 mL 0.2509 mL 0.5018 mL 1.2546 mL
100 mM 0.0401 mL 0.2007 mL 0.4015 mL 1.0037 mL
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Linuron Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Linuron330-55-2Androgen ReceptorEnvironmental PollutantsHerbicideEnvironmental Contaminants3β-HSDCV-1 cellsMDA-MB-453-KB2 cellsCOS cellsandrogen receptorLeydig cellPCNAN,O-dimethylhydroxylamine3,4-dichloroanilineP450sccInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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