Monomethyl fumarate
Based on 7 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Monomethyl fumarate, an active metabolite of Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), is a potent GPR109A agonist. Monomethyl fumarate has the potential for multiple neuroprotective pathways and other models of retinal disease.
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- Reinheit: 99.95%
- CAS. Nr.: 2756-87-8
- Formel: C5H6O4
- Molecular Weight:130.10
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Speicherung:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Monomethyl fumarate
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Biologische Aktivität
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| THP-1 | IC50 |
18.89 μM
Compound: 2; MMF
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Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-23 production in IFN-gamma primed human THP-1 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation for 18 hrs by sandwich ELISA
Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-23 production in IFN-gamma primed human THP-1 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation for 18 hrs by sandwich ELISA
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[PMID: 38116420] |
Monomethyl fumarate completely inhibits forskolin induced cAMP synthesis with an IC50 of 70 nM. Monomethyl fumarate induces a dose-dependent Ca2+ signal in GPR109A transfected cells with an EC50 of 9.4 μM[1].
Monomethyl fumarate (25 μM; 24 hours) attenuates 7β-OHC-induced cytotoxicity: cell growth inhibition; decreased cell viability; mitochondrial dysfunction; and cell death induction[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Monomethyl fumarate (100 mg/kg) reduces retinal inflammation and oxidative stress. Monomethyl fumarate significantly suppresses light-induced retinopathy (LIR) upregulated genes in the NFkB pathway including: Nlrp3, Casp1, Il-1β, and Tnf-α[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Albino BALB/c mice (male, 6 weeks old)[2]
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Dosage:50, 65, 75, 100 mg/kg
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Administration:IP
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Result:Prevented these morphologic changes (bright light exposure induced photoreceptor death) in a dose-dependent manner.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS. Nr. 2756-87-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 130.10
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Formel C5H6O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(OC)/C=C/C(O)=O
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Versand
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Speicherung
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (7)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2023 Mar;615(7952):490-498. PMID: 36890227
Monomethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2023 Mar;615(7952):490-498. [Abstract]
Il10 and Tnf expression in BMDMs pre-treated with DMSO or Monomethyl fumarate (MMF: 50 or 100 μM).
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Mol Cell
2023 Sep 7;83(17):3171-3187.e7. PMID: 37597514 -
MedComm (2020)
Dimethyl fumarate alleviate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury through suppressing cGAS-STING signaling. [Abstract]2025 Jan 28;6(2):e70077. PMID: 39877286
Monomethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: MedComm (2020). 2025 Jan 28;6(2):e70077. [Abstract]
Monomethyl fumarate (MMF: 50 or 100 µM; 12 h) and DEF reduced the phosphorylation levels of HT-DNA activated IRF3 and TBK1.
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Pharmacol Res
Dimethyl fumarate inhibits necroptosis and alleviates systemic inflammatory response syndrome by blocking the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL axis. [Abstract]2023 Mar:189:106697. PMID: 36796462 -
Brain Res Bull
Esketamine relieves depressive-like behaviors in MPTP-induced Parkinson disease mice via GPR109A-dependent reduction of neuroinflammation. [Abstract]2025 Nov:232:111595. PMID: 41135741
Monomethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Res Bull. 2025 Nov:232:111595. [Abstract]
In the MPTP model, mice were given ESK, Monomethyl fumarate (MMF: 45 mg/kg/d) or MPN+ESK, and mPFC immunoblotting analysis was performed to quantify the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and GPR109A.
Monomethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Res Bull. 2025 Nov:232:111595. [Abstract]
Mice were administered ESK, Monomethyl fumarate (MMF: 45 mg/kg/d) or MPN+ESK, and mPFC immunofluorescence analysis was performed to detect GPR109A (red) and Iba1 (green).
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Monomethyl fumarate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: bioRxiv. 2025 April 30.
Transcriptional levels of CXCL10 and CCL5 in SiHa cells treated with or without 100 μM Monomethyl fumarate (MMF) or 50 μM DMF for 24 h, analyzed by qRT-PCR.
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Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (384.32 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 10 mg/mL (76.86 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Konzentration (Stammlösung) × Volumen (Stammlösung) = Konzentration (Ziellösung) × Volumen (Ziellösung)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (19.22 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a clear solution of 2.5 mg/mL.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (19.22 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a clear solution of 2.5 mg/mL.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL (64.03 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Reinheit & Dokumentation
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Data Sheet (273 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
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- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
Verweise
[1]. Tang H, et al. The psoriasis drug monomethylfumarate is a potent nicotinic acid receptor agonist. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Oct 31;375(4):562-5. [Content Brief]
[2]. Jiang D, et al. Monomethyl Fumarate Protects the Retina From Light-Induced Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019 Mar 1;60(4):1275-1285. [Content Brief]
[3]. Sghaier R, et al. Dimethyl fumarate and monomethyl fumarate attenuate oxidative stress and mitochondrialalterations leading to oxiapoptophagy in 158N murine oligodendrocytes treated with 7β-hydroxycholesterol. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Nov;194:105432. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 7.6864 mL | 38.4320 mL | 76.8639 mL | 192.1599 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.5373 mL | 7.6864 mL | 15.3728 mL | 38.4320 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7686 mL | 3.8432 mL | 7.6864 mL | 19.2160 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5124 mL | 2.5621 mL | 5.1243 mL | 12.8107 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3843 mL | 1.9216 mL | 3.8432 mL | 9.6080 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3075 mL | 1.5373 mL | 3.0746 mL | 7.6864 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2562 mL | 1.2811 mL | 2.5621 mL | 6.4053 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1922 mL | 0.9608 mL | 1.9216 mL | 4.8040 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1537 mL | 0.7686 mL | 1.5373 mL | 3.8432 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1281 mL | 0.6405 mL | 1.2811 mL | 3.2027 mL | |
| DMSO | 80 mM | 0.0961 mL | 0.4804 mL | 0.9608 mL | 2.4020 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0769 mL | 0.3843 mL | 0.7686 mL | 1.9216 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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