2. Anti-infection Neuronal Signaling
  3. Fungal Cholinesterase (ChE)
  4. Penconazole

Penconazole is a typical triazole fungicide, and mainly applied on apples, grapes, and vegetables to control powdery mildew. Penconazole inhibits sterol biosynthesis in fungi. Penconazole decrease AChE activity in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats.

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Penconazole Chemical Structure

Penconazole Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 66246-88-6

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Description

Penconazole is a typical triazole fungicide, and mainly applied on apples, grapes, and vegetables to control powdery mildew. Penconazole inhibits sterol biosynthesis in fungi. Penconazole decrease AChE activity in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats[1][2].

In Vivo

Penconazole (67 mg/kg; i.p.; every 2 days during 9 days) induces oxidative stress in rat cerebrum and cerebellum tissues[2].
Penconazole has the ability to induce oxidative damage in the brain of adult rats, as evidenced by an increase of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, in addition to the perturbations in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status. Penconazole also affects the cholinergic system, activities of membrane-bound ATPases, and brain histoarchitecture. Penconazole is a potential neurotoxicant pesticide that exerts its neurotoxic effects via the generation of oxidative stress. Penconazole causes a significant inhibition of AChE activity in the cerebrum (11%) and cerebellum (25%) of adult rats[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Twelve male Wistar rats[2]
Dosage: 67 mg/kg
Administration: I.p.; every 2 days during 9 days
Result: A significant increase was obtained in the absolute and relative weights of the cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively.
Molecular Weight

284.18

Formula

C13H15Cl2N3
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to light yellow

SMILES

CCCC(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)CN2N=CN=C2
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (351.89 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.5189 mL 17.5945 mL 35.1890 mL
5 mM 0.7038 mL 3.5189 mL 7.0378 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.80 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (8.80 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
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%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.5189 mL 17.5945 mL 35.1890 mL 87.9724 mL
5 mM 0.7038 mL 3.5189 mL 7.0378 mL 17.5945 mL
10 mM 0.3519 mL 1.7594 mL 3.5189 mL 8.7972 mL
15 mM 0.2346 mL 1.1730 mL 2.3459 mL 5.8648 mL
20 mM 0.1759 mL 0.8797 mL 1.7594 mL 4.3986 mL
25 mM 0.1408 mL 0.7038 mL 1.4076 mL 3.5189 mL
30 mM 0.1173 mL 0.5865 mL 1.1730 mL 2.9324 mL
40 mM 0.0880 mL 0.4399 mL 0.8797 mL 2.1993 mL
50 mM 0.0704 mL 0.3519 mL 0.7038 mL 1.7594 mL
60 mM 0.0586 mL 0.2932 mL 0.5865 mL 1.4662 mL
80 mM 0.0440 mL 0.2199 mL 0.4399 mL 1.0997 mL
100 mM 0.0352 mL 0.1759 mL 0.3519 mL 0.8797 mL
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Penconazole Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Penconazole66246-88-6FungalCholinesterase (ChE)FungicideapplesgrapesvegetablessterolbiosynthesisantioxidantneurotoxicInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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