MHC II
MHC class II (MHC II) molecules are central regulators of adaptive immunity because they present processed extracellular peptide antigens to CD4+ T cells, thereby initiating helper T-cell responses and coordinating downstream humoral and cellular immunity[1][2]. During antigen processing, newly synthesized MHC II α- and β-chains assemble with the invariant chain, traffic through the endosomal pathway, and acquire antigenic peptides after proteolytic processing and peptide editing mediated by HLA-DM and related accessory molecules[1][3][4]. This antigen-presentation pathway shapes the peptide repertoire displayed by antigen-presenting cells and directly influences T-cell activation, tolerance, and immune surveillance[1][4][5]. In disease settings, MHC II polymorphisms are strongly associated with susceptibility to autoimmune disorders because allele-dependent peptide presentation can alter the selection and activation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells[5][6]. Human MHC II consists primarily of the classical HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP isotypes, which share the common function of peptide presentation but differ in genetic organization, peptide-binding characteristics, and requirements for intracellular assembly and peptide loading[2][7]. Compared with related isotypes, HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP exhibit distinct interactions with antigen-processing machinery, resulting in differences in peptide repertoire generation and immune recognition[7]. For experimental applications, modulation of MHC II antigen presentation commonly focuses on accessory regulators such as HLA-DM and HLA-DO, which influence peptide exchange and repertoire selection rather than acting as direct receptor agonists or inhibitors[3][4].
References:
- [1]. Rock KL, et al. Present Yourself! By MHC Class I and MHC Class II Molecules. Trends Immunol. 2016 Nov;37(11):724-737. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Abualrous ET, et al. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II proteins: impact of polymorphism on antigen presentation. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021;70:95-104.
- [3]. Poluektov YO, et al. HLA-DO and Its Role in MHC Class II Antigen Presentation. Front Immunol. 2013 Aug 29;4:260. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Wikipedia.
- [5]. Ishina IA, et al. MHC Class II Presentation in Autoimmunity. Cells. 2023 Jan 14;12(2):314. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Ishina IA, et al. MHC Class II Presentation in Autoimmunity. Cells. 2023;12(2):314.
- [7]. van Lith M, et al. HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR have different requirements for invariant chain and HLA-DM. J Biol Chem. 2010 Dec 24;285(52):40800-8. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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MHC II Related Products (9)
Related Products (9)
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InsB (9-23)
0 ImagesSynonyms: Insulin B chain (9-23)InsB (9-23) (Insulin B chain (9-23)) is an HLA-DQ8-restricted insulin B-chain peptide composed of amino acid residues 9-23. InsB (9-23) serves as a major MHC II class-restricted antigen. InsB (9-23) supports the recognition and activation of T cells, stimulates the secretion of IFN-γ and cytokines, and induces cross-reactive immune responses. InsB (9-23)-specific CD4 T cells can initiate diabetes. InsB (9-23) can be used in research related to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes.
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Z-Val-Val-Nle-diazomethylketone
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P5898CAS No.: 155026-49-6Synonyms: Z-Val-Val-Nle-CHN2Z-Val-Val-Nle-diazomethylketone is a cathepsin S (CATS) inhibitor. Z-Val-Val-Nle-diazomethylketone significantly inhibits the IFNg-induced upregulation of the MHCII molecules HLA-DR and Ii-p33/35 with an increase of Ii-p10 protein level. Z-Val-Val-Nle-diazomethylketone can be used for dermatological diseases like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and actinic keratosis research.
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Albaconol
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N20661CAS No.: 338405-64-4Albaconol is a prenylresorcinol compound. Albaconol is isolated from the mushroom A. confluens. Albaconol inhibits NF-κB and DNA topoisomerase II, and induces Apoptosis. Albaconol inhibits IκB-α phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation, enhances SOCS1 expression, reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and NO, and suppresses the expression of iNOS, MHC-II and co-stimulatory molecules. Albaconol acts as a weak antagonist of hVR1 and rVR1, with IC50 values of 17 µM and 5.5 µM, respectively. Albaconol induces tracheal contraction and desensitization. Albaconol inhibits the growth of tumor cells. Albaconol can be used in pain-related research.
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AS2677131
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-123876CAS No.: 2171502-44-4AS2677131 is a potent and orally active PIKfyve inhibitor. AS2677131 inhibits f IL-12p40, IL-6 and IL-1β through a PIKfyve-c-Rel pathway. AS2677131 selectively inhibits DNA-binding activity of c-Rel to IL-12p40 and IL-1β promoter. AS2677131 inhibits MHC class II expression on B cells. AS2677131 can be used for the researches of inflammation and immunology, such as arthritis.
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MEDI-5083
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P992408MEDI-5083 is an Fc fusion protein that targets CD40 and is a CD40 agonist. MEDI-5083 stimulates CD40 signaling via NF-κB activation. MEDI-5083 upregulates MHCII, CD80, and CD86 expression, induces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and enhances IFN-γ secretion by memory CD8+ T cells. MEDI-5083 can be used for the research of melanoma, colon carcinoma, and advanced solid tumors[1][2].
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AS2795440
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-177091CAS No.: 2171506-45-7AS2795440 is a PIKfyve inhibitor. AS2795440 selectively inhibits proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-12p40 and IL-6 production and B cell activation without affecting Ca2+ signaling. AS2795440 significantly reduces joint inflammation and bone loss in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) mice model. AS2795440 can be used for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease research.
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MDL 201112
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-105488CAS No.: 142130-73-2MDL 201112 is a carbocyclic nucleoside. MDL 201112 can decrease TNF-α production and inhibit MHC class II Ia+ antigen expression. MDL 201112 can be used for the research of inflammation and immunology.
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D-α-Methyl DOPA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W387035CAS No.: 2799-15-7D-α-Methyl DOPA is an inhibitor of the binding of DQ8 peptide to MHC class II molecules. D-α-Methyl DOPA occupies a pocket along the DQ8 peptide binding groove. D-α-Methyl DOPA inhibits the binding of a DQ8 peptide to an MHC class II molecule for presentation to CD4+ T cells, thereby slowing the development or progression of type 1 diabete or celiac disease.
