Tetrahydrouridine
Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate is potent inhibitor of cytidine deaminase (CDA), which competitively blocks the enzyme's active site more effectively than intrinsic cytidine.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.91%
- CAS No.: 18771-50-1
- Formula: C9H16N2O6
- Molecular Weight:248.23
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Tetrahydrouridine
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Biological Activity
Cytidine deaminase (CDA)[1]
Tetrahydrouridine (THU) is a specific inhibitor of cytidine deaminase (CDA) which can suppress deamination in the catabolism of cytotoxic deoxycytidine analogues like ara-C and Gemcitabine. To test how Tetrahydrouridine affects the Gemcitabine-mediated anti-neoplastic effect on pancreatic and lung carcinoma cells, a combination therapy is performed. As expected, high CDA expression in BxPC-3 and H441 results in improved Gemcitabine sensitivity after a 100 μM Tetrahydrouridine treatment. The sensitivity of BxPC-3 and H441 cell lines increases by as much as approximately 2.1 and 4.4 fold respectively. On the other hand, MIAPaCa-2 and H1299 cells unexpectedly become more sensitive to Gemcitabine with low CDA expression. MIAPaCa-2 and H1299 cells show a change in IC50 of 2.2 and 2.3 fold respectively. However, Panc-1 and H322 cells do not show significant changes in drug sensitivity. These data suggested that Tetrahydrouridine can sensitize some pancreatic and lung carcinoma cells to Gemcitabine-induced cell death regardless of CDA expression levels. Tetrahydrouridine inhibits S-phase without apoptosis[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 18771-50-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 248.23
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Formula C9H16N2O6
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C1N([C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)CCC(O)N1
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Synonyms
THU; NSC-112907
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (3)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nucleic Acids Res
Metabolic isotopic labeling of (deoxy)ribose enables dual neutral loss scanning for profiling nucleic acid modifications. [Abstract]2026 Feb 24;54(5):gkag155. PMID: 41732913 -
Int J Nanomedicine
Improved Antitumor Efficiency of N4 -Tetradecyloxycarbonyl Gemcitabine-Loaded Liposomes for Pancreatic Cancer Chemotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Dec 11:19:13391-13410. PMID: 39679246 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Mycoplasma infection of cancer cells enhances anti-tumor effect of oxidized methylcytidines. [Abstract]2023 Sep 10:672:193-200. PMID: 37356286
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (402.85 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Protocol
Cell growth for pancreatic and lung carcinoma cell lines is carried out using the colorimetric methylene blue assay in 96-well plates at a density of 5,000 cells/well. Cells are either exposed or not exposed to Tetrahydrouridine (100 µM), counting the first 12 hrs as Day 0. Mean values are calculated from three different wells in triplicates for four days[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[2]
CD-1 mice (male 30-38 g and female 24-31g) from are individually housed in polycarbonate cages suspended on stainless steel racks with SaniChip certified hardwood bedding. Mice are assigned to four dose groups and a vehicle control group. Animals are gavaged with DAC or its vehicle 1 hour ± 5 minutes after administration of THU or its vehicle at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg. The DAC doses are selected based on the range finding study in which the mice tolerated six oral doses (2x/week) of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg DAC in combination with a fixed dose of 167 mg/kg THU. A fixed Tetrahydrouridine dose (500 mg/m2) and the optimal timing between Tetrahydrouridine and DAC administration (60 min) are selected. Conversion of milligrams per body surface area dose in mice into milligrams per kilogram body weight dose estimation is based on Michaelis constant (km) values for mice obtained from US Food and Drug Administration published guidelines. In brief, the mouse dose in milligrams per body surface area (500 mg/m2) is divided by the km of 3 to convert the dose to milligrams per kilogram body weight (167 mg/kg).
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Funamizu N, et al. Tetrahydrouridine inhibits cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation regardless of cytidine deaminase expression levels. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37424. [Content Brief]
[2]. Terse P, et al. Subchronic oral toxicity study of decitabine in combination with tetrahydrouridine in CD-1 mice. Int J Toxicol. 2014 Mar-Apr;33(2):75-85. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 4.0285 mL | 20.1426 mL | 40.2852 mL | 100.7131 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8057 mL | 4.0285 mL | 8.0570 mL | 20.1426 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4029 mL | 2.0143 mL | 4.0285 mL | 10.0713 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2686 mL | 1.3428 mL | 2.6857 mL | 6.7142 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2014 mL | 1.0071 mL | 2.0143 mL | 5.0357 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1611 mL | 0.8057 mL | 1.6114 mL | 4.0285 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1343 mL | 0.6714 mL | 1.3428 mL | 3.3571 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1007 mL | 0.5036 mL | 1.0071 mL | 2.5178 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0806 mL | 0.4029 mL | 0.8057 mL | 2.0143 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0671 mL | 0.3357 mL | 0.6714 mL | 1.6786 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0504 mL | 0.2518 mL | 0.5036 mL | 1.2589 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0403 mL | 0.2014 mL | 0.4029 mL | 1.0071 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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