C29
Based on 110 publication(s) in Google Scholar
C29 is a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) inhibitor. C29 blocks hTLR2/1 and hTLR2/6 signaling with IC50s of 19.7 and 37.6 μM, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.0%
- CAS No.: 363600-92-4
- Formula: C16H15NO4
- Molecular Weight:285.29
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) C29
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024 Mar 25;9(1):74. [Abstract]
- Imeta. 2025 Jul 17;4(5):e70066. [Abstract]
- Nat Immunol. 2021 Jul;22(7):829-838. [Abstract]
- Exploration. 2025 Dec 18;5(6):20240396. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Immunol. 2024 Nov;21(11):1251-1265. [Abstract]
- J Extracell Vesicles. 2025 Jul;14(7):e70134. [Abstract]
- J Extracell Vesicles. 2023 Jun;12(6):e12335. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 May;10(15):e2300116. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2020 May;241:119852. [Abstract]
- Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Apr 1:305:120533. [Abstract]
- Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Sep 15:292:119683. [Abstract]
- Carbohydr Polym. 2019 Dec 15;226:115295. [Abstract]
- J Biomed Sci. 2026 Apr 10;33(1):39.
- J Control Release. 2020 Dec 10;328:210-221. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jun 15:452:131262. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2020 Nov 9;12(1):1-20. [Abstract]
- Diabetologia. 2020 May;63(5):987-1001. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2024 May 28:590:216801. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2026 May 18;22(10):5359-5384. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2023 Jan 1;19(2):465-483. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Jun 11;12(6):606. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Aug 26;23(1):381. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Apr 11;23(1):181. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):14. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Anal. 2025 Jan;15(1):101054. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Anal. 2023 Oct;13(10):1183-1194. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2020 Jul 8;18(1):106. [Abstract]
- J Crohns Colitis. 2024 Aug 10:jjae121. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 Mar 3:151196. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 Jan;340(Pt 1):150166. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Dec 30;339(Pt 2):150013. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Apr;263(Pt 1):130076. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jul 1;242(Pt 1):124750. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Apr 30:235:123816. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Mar 1;146:273-284. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 May 1;150:261-280. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2026 Jul 25:157:158318. [Abstract]
- BMC Med. 2021 Oct 15;19(1):247. [Abstract]
- Food Chem X. 2025 Jun 29:29:102709. [Abstract]
- Cancer Immunol Res. 2022 Dec 2;10(12):1542-1558. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Sep 15:S0889-1591(24)00625-1. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 May:161:114471. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Apr 11;44(4):115531. [Abstract]
- Neural Regen Res. 2021 Sep;16(9):1848-1855. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Oct 21. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Apr 15. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 30:13:927955. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 30;12:729951. [Abstract]
- J Invest Dermatol. 2019 Dec;139(12):2488-2496.e4. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jun 11:118455. [Abstract]
- Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2025 Feb;72(2):145-157. [Abstract]
- Vet Q. 2026 Dec;46(1):2615759. [Abstract]
- Gastric Cancer. 2024 Mar;27(2):324-342. [Abstract]
- N Biotechnol. 2025 Aug 19:90:36-47. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 1;25(19):10594. [Abstract]
- PLoS Pathog. 2024 Aug 5;20(8):e1012437. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 20;24(14):11700. [Abstract]
- PLoS Pathog. 2022 Oct 14;18(10):e1010499. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 17;23(2):1003. [Abstract]
- Biomolecules. 2024 Aug 14;14(8):1007. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 17;13:807440. [Abstract]
- Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Mar 18:11:606986. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Feb 15:128:111551. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Dec;77:105956. [Abstract]
- Neuropharmacology. 2024 Aug 29:110136. [Abstract]
- Toxicology. 2021 Feb 28:450:152668. [Abstract]
- Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Sep 30. [Abstract]
- J Dairy Sci. 2025 Apr 28:S0022-0302(25)00284-X. [Abstract]
- Cancers (Basel). 2024 Feb 4;16(3):670. [Abstract]
- Mol Neurobiol. 2024 Jun;61(6):3697-3714. [Abstract]
- Cancer Sci. 2022 Apr;113(4):1140-1153. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 Feb 26;28(3):112107. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2024 Sep 24;27(10):111027. [Abstract]
- Antiviral Res. 2022 Jul:203:105346. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 12;12(1):17058. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2020 Feb 21;295(8):2186-2202. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2019 Aug 30;294(35):12866-12879. [Abstract]
- ACS Infect Dis. 2026 Apr 10;12(4):1329-1337. [Abstract]
- Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Feb 14;11(2):e0340322. [Abstract]
- Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Dec 21;10(6):e0311022. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2023 Oct;1870(7):119540. [Abstract]
- J Immunol Res. 2021 Jun 14:2021:5538612. [Abstract]
- J Immunol Res. 2020 Nov 1;2020:9607328. [Abstract]
- Front Med. 2025 May 21:12:1573241. [Abstract]
- Microb Pathog. 2023 Sep:182:106224. [Abstract]
- Microb Pathog. 2022 Jan:162:105219. [Abstract]
- Vaccines. 2026 Feb 19;14(2):190. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2025 Jan 18:117232. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2022 Aug 1;323(2):F107-F119. [Abstract]
- PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Apr 2;15(4):e0009304. [Abstract]
- Mol Immunol. 2021 Nov:139:140-152. [Abstract]
- Mycopathologia. 2021 Jun;186(3):341-354. [Abstract]
- Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(44):4464-4476. [Abstract]
- Infect Immun. 2019 Dec 17;88(1):e00697-19. [Abstract]
- Animals (Basel). 2023 Oct 15;13(20):3222. [Abstract]
- Theriogenology. 2025 Jun:239:117374. [Abstract]
- Exp Ther Med. 2024 Sep 20;28(6):436. [Abstract]
- Food Agric Immunol. 2025 Feb 08.
- Neurosci Lett. 2018 Nov 1:686:33-40. [Abstract]
- J Vet Sci. 2023 Sep;24(5):e72. [Abstract]
- Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020 Dec;84(12):2558-2568. [Abstract]
- Npj Viruses. 2026 Apr 17;4(1):24. [Abstract]
- Npj Viruses. 2026 Jan 27;4(1):6. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2024 Jan 24.
- Preprints. 2023 Dec 26.
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 May.
- Technische Universitat Dresden. 2021 Oct 4.
- J Oncol. 2021 Oct 8:2021:5584406. [Abstract]
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Aug 2;2021:9993240. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2020 Sep.
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Cell Migration/Invasion Assay
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RT-PCR
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Cell Migration/Invasion Assay
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RT-PCR
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WB
Biological Activity
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TLR2 |
C29 (10 or 50 μΜ; 1 hour) blocks P3C- and P2C-induced IL-8 mRNA dose-dependently in HEK-TLR2 stable transfectants. C29 (50-200 μM; 1 hour) inhibits P3C- and P2C-induced IL-1β gene expression significantly at both 1 h and 4 h following stimulation in THP-1 cells[1].
C29 (25 or 50 μΜ; 1 hour) reduces P3C-induced but not P2C-induced TNF-α mRNA and IL-12 p40 protein significantly in primary murine macrophages[1].
C29 (50 μΜ; 1 hour) blocks TLR2 bacterial agonist-induced proinflammatory gene expression in HEK-TLR2 cells and murine macrophages[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:THP-1 cells
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Concentration:150 μM
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Incubation Time:1 hours
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Result:Diminished the interaction between endogenous TLR2 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) at 15 and 30 min poststimulation with P3C.
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Cell Line:Murine peritoneal macrophages
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Concentration:50 μM
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Incubation Time:1 hours
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Result:Blocked robust MAPK activation at 30 min and reduced NF-κB activation from 5 to 30 min.
Prevented P3C-induced degradation of IκBα at 15 and 30 min.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 363600-92-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 285.29
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Formula C16H15NO4
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Color Orange to red
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SMILES
OC1=C(/C=N/C2=C(C)C(C(O)=O)=CC=C2)C=CC=C1OC
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (110)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein impairs airway epithelial barrier function and exacerbates airway inflammation via increased intracellular Cl- concentration. [Abstract]2024 Mar 25;9(1):74. PMID: 38528022 -
Imeta
Akkermansia muciniphila-derived hypoacylated rough-type lipopolysaccharides alleviate diet-induced obesity via activation of TLR4-IL-23-IL-22 immune axis. [Abstract]2025 Jul 17;4(5):e70066. PMID: 41112049 -
Nat Immunol
2021 Jul;22(7):829-838. PMID: 33963333 -
Exploration
A Bioorthogonal and Programmable Bacterial Delivery System for Spatiotemporally Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors. [Abstract]2025 Dec 18;5(6):20240396. PMID: 41476656 -
Cell Mol Immunol
2024 Nov;21(11):1251-1265. PMID: 39164536 -
J Extracell Vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Streptococcus anginosus Aggravate Lupus Nephritis by Triggering TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB Signalling in NK Cells. [Abstract]2025 Jul;14(7):e70134. PMID: 40673809 -
J Extracell Vesicles
Excess filaggrin in keratinocytes is removed by extracellular vesicles to prevent premature death and this mechanism can be hijacked by Staphylococcus aureus in a TLR2-dependent fashion. [Abstract]2023 Jun;12(6):e12335. PMID: 37338870 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
A Dendrimer Peptide (KK2DP7) Delivery System with Dual Functions of Lymph Node Targeting and Immune Adjuvants as a General Strategy for Cancer Immunotherapy. [Abstract]2023 May;10(15):e2300116. PMID: 36950751 -
Biomaterials
Cholesterol-modified DP7 enhances the effect of individualized cancer immunotherapy based on neoantigens. [Abstract]2020 May;241:119852. PMID: 32120313 -
Carbohydr Polym
Innate immune receptors co-recognition of polysaccharides initiates multi-pathway synergistic immune response. [Abstract]2023 Apr 1:305:120533. PMID: 36737186 -
Carbohydr Polym
Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide promotes M1 polarization of TAMs to inhibit tumor growth by targeting TLR2. [Abstract]2022 Sep 15:292:119683. PMID: 35725176 -
Carbohydr Polym
Galactan isolated from Cantharellus cibarius modulates antitumor immune response by converting tumor-associated macrophages toward M1-like phenotype. [Abstract]2019 Dec 15;226:115295. PMID: 31582086 -
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J Control Release
DP7-C-modified liposomes enhance immune responses and the antitumor effect of a neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine. [Abstract]2020 Dec 10;328:210-221. PMID: 32860927
C29 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Control Release. 2020 Dec 10;328:210-221. [Abstract]
Western blot analysis show that MyD88 is active in DP7-C-stimulated BMDCs, and the activation of MyD88 expression by DP7-C and DOTAP/DP7-C is inhibited after BMDCs are pretreated with C29.
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J Hazard Mater
Role of macrophage AHR/TLR4/STAT3 signaling axis in the colitis induced by non-canonical AHR ligand aflatoxin B1. [Abstract]2023 Jun 15:452:131262. PMID: 36989784 -
Gut Microbes
Gut microbial bile acid metabolite skews macrophage polarization and contributes to high-fat diet-induced colonic inflammation. [Abstract]2020 Nov 9;12(1):1-20. PMID: 33006494 -
Diabetologia
Extracellular HMGB1 exacerbates autoimmune progression and recurrence of type 1 diabetes by impairing regulatory T cell stability. [Abstract]2020 May;63(5):987-1001. PMID: 32072192 -
Cancer Lett
Hypoxia-induced TREM1 promotes mesenchymal-like states of glioma stem cells via alternatively activating tumor-associated macrophages. [Abstract]2024 May 28:590:216801. PMID: 38479552 -
Int J Biol Sci
The function of TLR2 and the microbiome in macrophage-dependent dissemination of nontuberculous mycobacterial gut infection. [Abstract]2026 May 18;22(10):5359-5384. PMID: 42212334 -
Int J Biol Sci
BGN/FAP/STAT3 positive feedback loop mediated mutual interaction between tumor cells and mesothelial cells contributes to peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. [Abstract]2023 Jan 1;19(2):465-483. PMID: 36632455 -
Cell Death Dis
Neutrophil extracellular traps impair intestinal barrier functions in sepsis by regulating TLR9-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. [Abstract]2021 Jun 11;12(6):606. PMID: 34117211 -
Cell Commun Signal
2025 Aug 26;23(1):381. PMID: 40859363
C29 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Aug 26;23(1):381. [Abstract]
Neutrophils were pretreated with the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor Sparstolonin B (SsnB) (HY-116213; 10 µM), the TLR2 inhibitor C29 (HY-100461; 100 µM), or the TLR4 inhibitor C34 (TLR4-IN-C34; HY-107575; 10 µM) for 30 min before stimulation with calreticulin. Transwell migration assay. The lower chambers were loaded with blank culture medium (a), calreticulin (b), calreticulin with SsnB (c), calreticulin with C29 (d), or calreticulin with C34 (e). CFSE-labeled neutrophils were loaded into the upper chamber and allowed to migrate for 3 h.
C29 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Aug 26;23(1):381. [Abstract]
Neutrophils were pretreated with the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor Sparstolonin B (SsnB) (HY-116213; 10 µM), the TLR2 inhibitor C29 (HY-100461; 100 µM), or the TLR4 inhibitor C34 (TLR4-IN-C34; HY-107575; 10 µM) for 30 min before stimulation with calreticulin. F-actin was detected for 30 min the incubation of neutrophils with calreticulin in the presence of the respective inhibitors (scale bars = 10 μm).
C29 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Aug 26;23(1):381. [Abstract]
Neutrophils were incubated in calreticulin with or without inhibitors of TLR2/TLR4 (SsnB; HY-116213; 10 µM), TLR2 (C29; HY-100461; 100 µM), or TLR4 (C34; TLR4-IN-C34; HY-107575; 10 µM) for 0 min, 1 min, 3 min, or 5 min. The cell lysate was prepared and subjected to western blotting for analysis of the expression of Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA. Densitometric analysis of each protein band is shown below the blots, representing grayscale quantification relative to internal controls
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Cell Commun Signal
2025 Apr 11;23(1):181. PMID: 40217343
C29 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Apr 11;23(1):181. [Abstract]
BMDMs were pretreated with a TLR2 inhibitor (C29; HY-100461; 10 µM), TLR4 inhibitor (TAK242; HY-11109; 10 µM), TLR7 inhibitor (IRS661, 1 µM), TLR8 inhibitor (CU-CPT9a; HY-112667; 10 µM), or TLR9 inhibitor (IRS869, 1 µM) for 1 h, and then treated with NETs (500 ng/mL) for 3 h. The levels of Il1b, Il6 were measured by qPCR (n = 6).
C29 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Apr 11;23(1):181. [Abstract]
BMDMs were pretreated with a TLR2 inhibitor (C29; HY-100461; 10 µM), TLR4 inhibitor (TAK242; HY-11109; 10 µM), TLR7 inhibitor (IRS661, 1 µM), TLR8 inhibitor (CU-CPT9a; HY-112667; 10 µM), or TLR9 inhibitor (IRS869, 1 µM) for 1 h, and then treated with NETs (500 ng/mL) for 3 h. The level of Tnfa mRNA was measured by qPCR (n = 6).
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Cell Commun Signal
Staphylococcus aureus vesicles impair cutaneous wound healing through p38 MAPK-MerTK cleavage-mediated inhibition of macrophage efferocytosis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 8;23(1):14. PMID: 39780180 -
J Pharm Anal
Oxymatrine, a novel TLR2 agonist, promotes megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis through the STING/NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jan;15(1):101054. PMID: 39906691 -
J Pharm Anal
Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates innate inflammatory response induced by Streptococcussuis-derived muramidase-released protein via inactivation of TLR4-dependent NF-κB signaling. [Abstract]2023 Oct;13(10):1183-1194. PMID: 38024861 -
Cell Commun Signal
Renal cancer-derived exosomes induce tumor immune tolerance by MDSCs-mediated antigen-specific immunosuppression. [Abstract]2020 Jul 8;18(1):106. PMID: 32641056 -
J Crohns Colitis
The Impact of PAD4-dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation on the Early Development of Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. [Abstract]2024 Aug 10:jjae121. PMID: 39126198 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Isolation, structural characterization and immunoregulatory activity of a novel acidic polysaccharide from Ganoderma sinense. [Abstract]2026 Mar 3:151196. PMID: 41786176 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Two pectic polysaccharides from Stemona tuberosa Lour. roots with detailed structural features display potent immunoenhancing activity via TLR signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Jan;340(Pt 1):150166. PMID: 41519324 -
Int J Biol Macromol
PA0833 is a novel virulence factor that contributes to the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. [Abstract]2025 Dec 30;339(Pt 2):150013. PMID: 41478477 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Molecular mechanisms of macrophage immunomodulation mediated by Areca inflorescence polysaccharides based on RNA-seq analysis. [Abstract]2024 Apr;263(Pt 1):130076. PMID: 38354932 -
Int J Biol Macromol
The combination of insulin and linezolid ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in individuals with diabetes via the TLR2/MAPKs/NLRP3 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jul 1;242(Pt 1):124750. PMID: 37160172 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of an arabinogalactan from Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton tea processing waste. [Abstract]2023 Apr 30:235:123816. PMID: 36841385 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Preparation and evaluation of the adjuvant effect of curdlan sulfate in improving the efficacy of dendritic cell-based vaccine for antitumor immunotherapy. [Abstract]2020 Mar 1;146:273-284. PMID: 31904453 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide converts immunosuppressive macrophages into M1-like phenotype and activates T lymphocytes by inhibiting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis between TAMs and T lymphocytes. [Abstract]2020 May 1;150:261-280. PMID: 32044366 -
Phytomedicine
Ginsenoside Rd attenuates fine particulate matter-induced pulmonary inflammation by directly inhibiting the transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1-mediated toll-like receptor 2 signaling. [Abstract]2026 Jul 25:157:158318. PMID: 42177887 -
BMC Med
HBeAg mediates inflammatory functions of macrophages by TLR2 contributing to hepatic fibrosis. [Abstract]2021 Oct 15;19(1):247. PMID: 34649530 -
Food Chem X
Comparative analysis of pectic polysaccharides isolated from various thinned young red-fleshed kiwifruits: Structural properties and biological functions. [Abstract]2025 Jun 29:29:102709. PMID: 40677549 -
Cancer Immunol Res
NET-Triggered NLRP3 Activation and IL18 Release Drive Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. [Abstract]2022 Dec 2;10(12):1542-1558. PMID: 36255412 -
Brain Behav Immun
Astrocyte-neuron communication through the complement C3-C3aR pathway in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]2024 Sep 15:S0889-1591(24)00625-1. PMID: 39288893 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Immunoregulatory effects of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide via TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in Raw264.7 macrophages. [Abstract]2023 May:161:114471. PMID: 36889110 -
Cell Rep
Alveolar macrophages critically control infection by seasonal human coronavirus OC43 to avoid severe pneumonia. [Abstract]2025 Apr 11;44(4):115531. PMID: 40222012 -
Neural Regen Res
High mobility group box 1 mediates inflammatory response of astrocytes via cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 signaling following spinal cord injury. [Abstract]2021 Sep;16(9):1848-1855. PMID: 33510092 -
J Agric Food Chem
Structure and Immunoactivity of Low Molecular Weight Pectin-Complex Decorated Diverse Oligosaccharide Domains from Roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. [Abstract]2025 Oct 21. PMID: 41118443 -
J Agric Food Chem
Palmatine Attenuated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting M1 Phenotype Macrophage Polarization via NAMPT/TLR2/CCR1 Signaling. [Abstract]2024 Apr 15. PMID: 38619332 -
Front Immunol
Acinetobacter baumannii Outer Membrane Protein A Induces Pulmonary Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Bacterial Translocation Through The TLR2/IQGAP1 Axis. [Abstract]2022 Jun 30:13:927955. PMID: 35844614 -
Front Immunol
The Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligand Pam2CSK4 Activates Platelet Nuclear Factor-κB and Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Signaling to Promote Platelet-Endothelial Cell Interactions. [Abstract]2021 Aug 30;12:729951. PMID: 34527000 -
J Invest Dermatol
miR-146a Inhibits Biofilm-Derived Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammatory Reactions in Human Keratinocytes. [Abstract]2019 Dec;139(12):2488-2496.e4. PMID: 31194941 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Octahydroindolizine alkaloid Homocrepidine A from Dendrobium crepidatum attenuate P. acnes-induced inflammatory in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2024 Jun 11:118455. PMID: 38871011 -
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
Airway Epithelium-derived CXCL14 Promotes Eosinophil Accumulation in Allergic Airway Inflammation. [Abstract]2025 Feb;72(2):145-157. PMID: 39141567 -
Vet Q
An underlying mechanism of bovine mastitis: PGE2 regulates Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammatory response through TLR2, TLR4, and NLRP3 in macrophages. [Abstract]2026 Dec;46(1):2615759. PMID: 41546499 -
Gastric Cancer
Sustained exposure to Helicobacter pylori induces immune tolerance by desensitizing TLR6. [Abstract]2024 Mar;27(2):324-342. PMID: 38310631 -
N Biotechnol
Lactobacillus salivarius HHuMin-U attenuates vulvovaginal candidiasis via vaginal epithelial immune enhancement mediated by NF-κB activation. [Abstract]2025 Aug 19:90:36-47. PMID: 40840675 -
Int J Mol Sci
GSP1-111 Modulates the Microglial M1/M2 Phenotype by Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 2: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Depression. [Abstract]2024 Oct 1;25(19):10594. PMID: 39408923 -
PLoS Pathog
EGFR-MEK1/2 cascade negatively regulates bactericidal function of bone marrow macrophages in mice with Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. [Abstract]2024 Aug 5;20(8):e1012437. PMID: 39102432 -
Int J Mol Sci
Extracellular Heat Shock Protein 70 Increases the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 1 via Toll-like Receptor 4 and Attenuates Inflammation in Airway Epithelial Cells. [Abstract]2023 Jul 20;24(14):11700. PMID: 37511459 -
PLoS Pathog
TLR2 axis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells regulates inflammatory responses to non-infectious immature dengue virus particles. [Abstract]2022 Oct 14;18(10):e1010499. PMID: 36240261 -
Int J Mol Sci
Characteristics of an In Vitro Mesenteric Lymph Node Cell Suspension Model and Its Possible Association with In Vivo Functional Evaluation. [Abstract]2022 Jan 17;23(2):1003. PMID: 35055188 -
Biomolecules
2024 Aug 14;14(8):1007. PMID: 39199394 -
Front Pharmacol
Strongylocentrotus nudus Eggs Polysaccharide Enhances Macrophage Phagocytosis Against E.coli Infection by TLR4/STAT3 Axis. [Abstract]2022 Mar 17;13:807440. PMID: 35370674 -
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
Lipopolysaccharide Preparation Derived From Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces a Weaker Immuno-Inflammatory Response in BV-2 Microglial Cells Than Escherichia coli by Differentially Activating TLR2/4-Mediated NF-κB/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. [Abstract]2021 Mar 18:11:606986. PMID: 33816329 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency ameliorates obesity-induced cardiomyopathy via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Feb 15:128:111551. PMID: 38278067 -
Int Immunopharmacol
2019 Dec;77:105956. PMID: 31655342 -
Neuropharmacology
HIV1 gp120 activates microglia via TLR2-nf-κb signaling to up-regulate inflammatory cytokine expression and induce neuropathic pain. [Abstract]2024 Aug 29:110136. PMID: 39216684 -
Toxicology
Ozone exposure promotes pyroptosis in rat lungs via the TLR2/4-NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2021 Feb 28:450:152668. PMID: 33383130 -
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis via TLR6/NF-κB Modulation and Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. [Abstract]2025 Sep 30. PMID: 41026405 -
J Dairy Sci
Immunomodulatory effects, digestive stability, and action mechanism of casein peptide SPAQILQW in activating macrophages via N-terminal serine. [Abstract]2025 Apr 28:S0022-0302(25)00284-X. PMID: 40306417 -
Cancers (Basel)
Bortezomib in Combination with Physachenolide C Reduces the Tumorigenic Properties of KRASmut/P53mut Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting c-FLIP. [Abstract]2024 Feb 4;16(3):670. PMID: 38339421 -
Mol Neurobiol
TLR2 Mediates Microglial Activation and Contributes to Central Sensitization in a Recurrent Nitroglycerin-induced Chronic Migraine Model. [Abstract]2024 Jun;61(6):3697-3714. PMID: 38008889 -
Cancer Sci
Serum amyloid A 1 induces suppressive neutrophils through the Toll-like receptor 2-mediated signaling pathway to promote progression of breast cancer. [Abstract]2022 Apr;113(4):1140-1153. PMID: 35102665 -
iScience
Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific protein Rv1509 modulates osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation via TLR2 signaling. [Abstract]2025 Feb 26;28(3):112107. PMID: 40129707 -
iScience
TLR2/NF-κB signaling in macrophage/microglia mediated COVID-pain induced by SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein. [Abstract]2024 Sep 24;27(10):111027. PMID: 39435149 -
Antiviral Res
TLR2-mediated mucosal immune priming boosts anti-rhabdoviral immunity in early vertebrates. [Abstract]2022 Jul:203:105346. PMID: 35605698 -
Sci Rep
A comparative study of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and its variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) on some immune characteristics. [Abstract]2022 Oct 12;12(1):17058. PMID: 36224298 -
J Biol Chem
Moonlighting matrix metalloproteinase substrates: Enhancement of proinflammatory functions of extracellular tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase upon cleavage. [Abstract]2020 Feb 21;295(8):2186-2202. PMID: 31771979 -
J Biol Chem
Matrix metalloproteinases inactivate the proinflammatory functions of secreted moonlighting tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. [Abstract]2019 Aug 30;294(35):12866-12879. PMID: 31324718 -
ACS Infect Dis
Treponema pallidum Impairs Microglial Aβ1-42 Clearance by Hijacking TLR2/PI3K/AKT Immune Signaling. [Abstract]2026 Apr 10;12(4):1329-1337. PMID: 41789731 -
Microbiol Spectr
A High-Salt Diet Exacerbates Liver Fibrosis through Enterococcus-Dependent Macrophage Activation. [Abstract]2023 Feb 14;11(2):e0340322. PMID: 36786636 -
Microbiol Spectr
Decreased Interleukin-1 Family Cytokine Production in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease. [Abstract]2022 Dec 21;10(6):e0311022. PMID: 36255321 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res
Treponema pallidum recombinant protein Tp47 enhanced interleukin-6 secretion in human dermal fibroblasts through the toll-like receptor 2 via the p38, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signalling pathways. [Abstract]2023 Oct;1870(7):119540. PMID: 37468070 -
J Immunol Res
Aspergillus fumigatus Influences Gasdermin-D-Dependent Pyroptosis of the Lung via Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Differentiation. [Abstract]2021 Jun 14:2021:5538612. PMID: 34222495 -
J Immunol Res
2020 Nov 1;2020:9607328. PMID: 33204736 -
Front Med
The updated evidence of pirfenidone treated silicosis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation. [Abstract]2025 May 21:12:1573241. PMID: 40470053 -
Microb Pathog
Pathological characteristics and congenital immunological responses of pigeons-infected with Neospora caninum. [Abstract]2023 Sep:182:106224. PMID: 37423494 -
Microb Pathog
Activation of TLR2 heterodimers-mediated NF-κB, MAPK, AKT signaling pathways is responsible for Vibrio alginolyticus triggered inflammatory response in vitro. [Abstract]2022 Jan:162:105219. PMID: 34601054 -
Vaccines
Vaccination with Carbapenemase KPC-2 and Virulence Factor Pal Provided Robust Protection Against Klebsiella pneumoniae Lung Infection. [Abstract]2026 Feb 19;14(2):190. PMID: 41746110 -
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
T-2 toxin triggers immunotoxic effects in goats by inducing ferroptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps. [Abstract]2025 Jan 18:117232. PMID: 39832565 -
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
Chemokine CCL2 from proximal tubular epithelial cells contributes to sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2022 Aug 1;323(2):F107-F119. PMID: 35658715 -
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Extracellular vesicles secreted by Giardia duodenalis regulate host cell innate immunity via TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. [Abstract]2021 Apr 2;15(4):e0009304. PMID: 33798196 -
Mol Immunol
Host defense against Neospora caninum infection via IL-12p40 production through TLR2/TLR3-AKT-ERK signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice. [Abstract]2021 Nov:139:140-152. PMID: 34509754 -
Mycopathologia
MiR-146a Negatively Regulates Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced TNF-α and IL-6 Secretion in THP-1 Macrophages. [Abstract]2021 Jun;186(3):341-354. PMID: 34089172 -
Curr Pharm Des
Interaction of Ectodomain of Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein with TLR2/ TLR6 Heterodimer: An In vitro and In silico Approach to Decipher the Role of RSV G Protein in Pro-inflammatory Response against the Virus. [Abstract]2021;27(44):4464-4476. PMID: 34279194 -
Infect Immun
Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 Mediate the IgA Immune Response Induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. [Abstract]2019 Dec 17;88(1):e00697-19. PMID: 31611272 -
Animals (Basel)
The Yeast and Hypha Phases of Candida krusei Induce the Apoptosis of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via Distinct Signaling Pathways. [Abstract]2023 Oct 15;13(20):3222. PMID: 37893947 -
Theriogenology
Dual roles of the TLR2/TLR4/NLRP3-H-PGDS-PGD2 axis in regulating the inflammatory response in Escherichia coli-infected bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages and endometrial tissue. [Abstract]2025 Jun:239:117374. PMID: 40112766 -
Exp Ther Med
TLR2 promotes traumatic deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity following femoral fracture by activating the NF‑κB/COX‑2 signaling pathway in rats. [Abstract]2024 Sep 20;28(6):436. PMID: 39355523 -
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Neurosci Lett
TLR4 signaling pathway mediates the LPS/ischemia-induced expression of monocytechemotactic protein-induced protein 1 in microglia. [Abstract]2018 Nov 1:686:33-40. PMID: 30179651
C29 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurosci Lett. 2018 Nov 1:686:33-40. [Abstract]
Western Blot analyses show the protein expression of MCPIP1 after the treatment of PBS and LPS (with TAK-242, C29, FPS-ZM1).
C29 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurosci Lett. 2018 Nov 1:686:33-40. [Abstract]
Images show the expression of MCPIP1 after the treatment of of PBS and LPS (with TAK-242, C29, FPS-ZM1).
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J Vet Sci
Subcutaneous Streptococcus dysgalactiae GAPDH vaccine in mice induces a proficient innate immune response. [Abstract]2023 Sep;24(5):e72. PMID: 38031651 -
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria derived from infant intestines may activate macrophages and lead to different IL-10 secretion. [Abstract]2020 Dec;84(12):2558-2568. PMID: 32862788 -
Npj Viruses
The contributions of TLR2, TLR8 and TLR3 to direct and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus serotype 2 infection. [Abstract]2026 Apr 17;4(1):24. PMID: 41998173 -
Npj Viruses
The soluble G protein of respiratory syncytial virus promotes viral dissemination via TLR2-mediated NLRP3 priming and pyroptosis. [Abstract]2026 Jan 27;4(1):6. PMID: 41593203 -
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J Oncol
Exosomes Derived from RM-1 Cells Promote the Recruitment of MDSCs into Tumor Microenvironment by Upregulating CXCR4 via TLR2/NF- κ B Pathway. [Abstract]2021 Oct 8:2021:5584406. PMID: 34659412 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
Recombinant High-Mobility Group Box 1 (rHMGB1) Promotes NRF2-Independent Mitochondrial Fusion through CXCR4/PSMB5-Mediated Drp1 Degradation in Endothelial Cells. [Abstract]2021 Aug 2;2021:9993240. PMID: 34394840 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 30 mg/mL (105.16 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.76 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.76 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Mistry P, et al. Inhibition of TLR2 signaling by small molecule inhibitors targeting a pocket within the TLR2 TIR domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Apr 28;112(17):5455-60. [Content Brief]
[2]. Cai S, Zhu G, Cen X, et al. Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and preliminary mechanism study of N-benzylideneaniline derivatives as potential TLR2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2018;26(8):2041-2050. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.5052 mL | 17.5260 mL | 35.0521 mL | 87.6301 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7010 mL | 3.5052 mL | 7.0104 mL | 17.5260 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3505 mL | 1.7526 mL | 3.5052 mL | 8.7630 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2337 mL | 1.1684 mL | 2.3368 mL | 5.8420 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1753 mL | 0.8763 mL | 1.7526 mL | 4.3815 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1402 mL | 0.7010 mL | 1.4021 mL | 3.5052 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1168 mL | 0.5842 mL | 1.1684 mL | 2.9210 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0876 mL | 0.4382 mL | 0.8763 mL | 2.1908 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0701 mL | 0.3505 mL | 0.7010 mL | 1.7526 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0584 mL | 0.2921 mL | 0.5842 mL | 1.4605 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0438 mL | 0.2191 mL | 0.4382 mL | 1.0954 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0351 mL | 0.1753 mL | 0.3505 mL | 0.8763 mL |