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  3. Linagliptin

Linagliptin  (Synonyms: BI 1356)

Cat. No.: HY-10284 Purity: 99.91%
COA Handling Instructions

Linagliptin is a highly potent, selective DPP-4 inhibitor with IC50 of 1 nM.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Linagliptin Chemical Structure

Linagliptin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 668270-12-0

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
USD 61 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 61 In-stock
Solid
100 mg USD 66 In-stock
500 mg USD 99 In-stock
1 g USD 176 In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Linagliptin:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Linagliptin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 28;7(1):4351.  [Abstract]

    Western blot analysis of CREB protein phosphorylation in pancreas of KKAy mice treated with HBK001 and Linagliptin.

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    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Linagliptin is a highly potent, selective DPP-4 inhibitor with IC50 of 1 nM.

    IC50 & Target

    IC50: 1 nM (DPP-4)

    In Vitro

    Linagliptin inhibits DPP-4 activity in vitro in several independent experiments with IC50 values of 0.4, 0.5, 0.9, and 1.1 nM (mean IC50, approximately 1 nM). Linagliptin inhibits FAP with an IC50 of 89 nM (approximately 90-fold selectivity versus DPP-4)[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    In Vivo

    In male Wistar rats, Beagle dogs, and Rhesus monkeys, xanthine linagliptin proves to be a highly efficacious, long-lasting, and potent DPP-4 inhibitor providing >70% inhibition for >7 h for all three species after oral administration of 1 mg/kg. Single oral administration of linagliptin to db/db mice 45 min prior to an oral glucose tolerance test reduced plasma glucose excursion in a dose-dependent manner from 0.1 mg/kg (15% inhibition) to 1 mg/kg (66% inhibition)[1]. Linagliptin (3 and 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme in plasma within 30 min of administration. Linagliptin (1 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduces glucose excursion by approximately 50%[2]. Oral administration of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin (3 mg/kg, p.o.) strongly reduces DPP-4 activity, stabilizes active GLP-1 in chronic wounds, and improves healing in ob/ob mice. At day 10 postwounding, linagliptin-treated ob/ob mice show largely epithelialized wounds characterized by the absence of neutrophils[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    472.54

    Formula

    C25H28N8O2

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O=C1N(C2=C(C(N1CC3=NC(C)=C4C=CC=CC4=N3)=O)N(CC#CC)C(N5CCC[C@@H](N)C5)=N2)C

    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 2 years
    -20°C 1 year
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 25 mg/mL (52.91 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 80°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 2.1162 mL 10.5811 mL 21.1622 mL
    5 mM 0.4232 mL 2.1162 mL 4.2324 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

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    Volume (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: ≥ 25 mg/mL (52.91 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 25 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (250.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (5.29 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

      This protocol yields a clear solution of 2.5 mg/mL.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.91%

    References
    Kinase Assay
    [3]

    EDTA plasma (20 μL) is diluted with 30 μL of DPP-4 assay buffer (100 mM Tris and 100 mM NaCl, adjusted to pH 7.8 with HCl) and mixed with 50 μL of H-Ala-Pro-7-amido-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin. The 200 mM stock solution in dimethylformamide is diluted 1:1000 with water to yield a final concentration of 100 μM. The plate is incubated at room temperature for 10 min, and fluorescence in the wells is determined by using a Victor 1420 Multilabel Counter at an excitation wavelength of 405 nm and an emission wavelength of 535 nm. For the detection of DPP-4 activity in wound lysates, 100 μg of protein from the respective wound lysates are used instead of 20 μL of plasma. Active GLP-1 is also detected from 100 μg of respective wound tissue samples and analyzed by using the Mouse/Rat Total Active GLP-1 Assay Kit.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Cell Assay
    [3]

    A total of 4.0×107 keratinocytes per well are seeded into 24-well plates. After reaching 50% confluence, cells are starved for 24 h with DMEM. Proliferation of cells is assessed by using 1 μCi/mL of [3H]methyl-thymidine in DMEM in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum and increasing concentrations of linagliptin (3, 30, 300, or 600 nM) for 24 h. Cells are then washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated in 5% trichloroacetic acid at 4°C for 30 min, and the DNA is solubilized in 0.5mol/LNaOH for 30 min at 37°C. Finally, [3H]thymidine incorporation is determined.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Administration
    [3]

    Each experimental group (vehicle or linagliptin treatment) consists of 10 individual ob/ob mice (n=10). Animals are treated orally once a day (8:00 AM) by gastrogavage using vehicle (1% methylcellulose) or linagliptin (3 mg/kg body weight in 1% methylcellulose) beginning 2 days (day−2) before wounding. After wounding, animals are subsequently treated once a day throughout the 10-day healing period.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 2.1162 mL 10.5811 mL 21.1622 mL 52.9056 mL
    5 mM 0.4232 mL 2.1162 mL 4.2324 mL 10.5811 mL
    10 mM 0.2116 mL 1.0581 mL 2.1162 mL 5.2906 mL
    15 mM 0.1411 mL 0.7054 mL 1.4108 mL 3.5270 mL
    20 mM 0.1058 mL 0.5291 mL 1.0581 mL 2.6453 mL
    25 mM 0.0846 mL 0.4232 mL 0.8465 mL 2.1162 mL
    30 mM 0.0705 mL 0.3527 mL 0.7054 mL 1.7635 mL
    40 mM 0.0529 mL 0.2645 mL 0.5291 mL 1.3226 mL
    50 mM 0.0423 mL 0.2116 mL 0.4232 mL 1.0581 mL
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    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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