Cat. No.: HY-N0052

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Sanguinarine

Name: Sanguinarine
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0052
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(Synonyms: Sanguinarin; Sanguinarium; Pseudochelerythrine)

16 Cited Publications

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Based on 16 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Sanguinarine (Sanguinarin), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria Canadensis, can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB.

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CAS No.: 2447-54-3
Formula: C₂₀H₁₄NO₄⁺
Molecular Weight:332.33

Storage:

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

Data Sheet (278 KB)

Sanguinarine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 2447-54-3

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (16)
Protocols (6)
Purity & Documentation
References
Calculators
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Apoptosis^[1]

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A2780/Taxol	IC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative activity against human A2780T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human A2780T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 39213483]
A549	IC₅₀	610 nM Compound: 1	Growth inhibition of human A549 cells measured every 2 hrs over 6 days by live cell imaging based method Growth inhibition of human A549 cells measured every 2 hrs over 6 days by live cell imaging based method	[PMID: 28621943]
A549/TR	IC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative activity against human A549/Taxol cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549/Taxol cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 39213483]
K562	IC₅₀	2 μM Compound: Sanguinarine	Inhibition of NF-kappaB transactivation in TNF-alpha-stimulated human K562 cells preincubated for 2 hrs followed by TNF-alpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay Inhibition of NF-kappaB transactivation in TNF-alpha-stimulated human K562 cells preincubated for 2 hrs followed by TNF-alpha challenge measured after 6 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 24775915]
LoVo	IC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 39213483]
MKN-45	IC₅₀	1.51 μM Compound: Sanguinarine	Cytotoxicity against human MKN45 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MKN45 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27887841]
NB-4	IC₅₀	0.53 μM Compound: Sanguinarine	Cytotoxicity against human NB4 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human NB4 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27887841]
PC-3	IC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 39213483]

In Vitro

Sanguinarine (SANG)-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB signal pathways.To determine the effects of Sanguinarine on cell viability, 22B-cFluc cells are stimulated with different concentrations of Sanguinarine for 24 h, and then a CKK-8 assay is performed. The treatment with Sanguinarine decreases the proliferation of 22B cells in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the cytosolic extracts of 22B-cFluc cells treated with different dose of Sanguinarine are measured to detect cellular caspase-3 activity using Ac-DEVD-pNA, which is a validated caspase-3 substrate. The absorbance at 450 nm increases in a dose-dependent manner, indicating increased caspase-3 activity stimulated by Sanguinarine^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.

In Vivo

To evaluate the apoptosis induced by Sanguinarine (SANG) in vivo, 22B-cFluc cells are inoculated subcutaneously into one flank of nude mice and xenograft models are allowed to establish. Mice are treated intravenously with 10 mg/kg of Sanguinarine. At 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment, bioluminescent imaging is performed after i.p. injection of mice with 150 mg/kg of D-luciferin substrate. Sanguinarine treatment induces an obvious increase of luminescent signal as early as 48 h after initial treatment. A sustained bioluminescent imaging (BLI) intensity increased is observed throughout the course of experiment. At 72 h after treatment, the tumors are collected and subjected to TUNEL staining for evaluating apoptosis. Compared with the control tumors, the group treated with Sanguinarine exhibits significantly more cell apoptosis, indicated by the increased green signals from the sporadic apoptotic cells^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 2447-54-3
Molecular Weight 332.33
Formula C₂₀H₁₄NO₄⁺
SMILES

C[N+]1=CC2=C3C(OCO3)=CC=C2C(C=CC4=C5)=C1C4=CC6=C5OCO6
Synonyms

Sanguinarin; Sanguinarium; Pseudochelerythrine
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Isoquinoline Alkaloids
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

Publications (16)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayBio/Physico-chemical AssayWBCell Imaging/Staining

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J Adv Res

Identification of a novel EphB4 inhibitor, Sanguinarine, which attenuates β-catenin signaling to inhibit tumor proliferation and migration in lung cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 21:S2090-1232(26)00176-1. PMID: 41730417
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Short-Term Statin Therapy Induces Hepatic Insulin Resistance Through HNF4α/PAQR9/PPM1α Axis Regulated AKT Phosphorylation. [Abstract]

2024 Sep;11(34):e2403451. PMID: 38970167
Oncogene

The protection of UCK2 protein stability by GART maintains pyrimidine salvage synthesis for HCC growth under glucose limitation. [Abstract]

2025 May;44(16):1078-1092. PMID: 39865175
Phytother Res

NPLC0393 from Gynostemma pentaphyllum ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in mice by targeting protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A phosphatase. [Abstract]

2023 Oct;37(10):4771-4790. PMID: 37434441
Am J Chin Med

Sanguinarine Inhibits Gastric Cancer Progression by Targeting the NOS2/SOD1 Axis to Promote Ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2025;53(5):1545-1571. PMID: 40663435

Sanguinarine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Chin Med. 2025;53(5):1545-1571. [Abstract]

MKN-45 and MFC cells were treated with different concentration of Sanguinarin chloride (0, 0.01, 0.1, 10, 100 μM) for 24h, and cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assays.

Sanguinarine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Chin Med. 2025;53(5):1545-1571. [Abstract]

Cell viability was measured in MKN-45 and MFC cells treated with Sanguinarin chloride (2 μM) with Fer-1 (10 μM), Z-VAD (10 μM), or Nec-1 (10 μM) for 24h.

Sanguinarine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Chin Med. 2025;53(5):1545-1571. [Abstract]

MKN-45 and MFC cells were treated with Sanguinarin chloride (2 μM) for 24 h. MDA level was detected by MDA assay kit.

Sanguinarine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Chin Med. 2025;53(5):1545-1571. [Abstract]

Prediction of Sanguinarin chloride-targeted genes, GC-related proteins, and ferroptosis driver genes, respectively. Two overlapping proteins are displayed.

Sanguinarine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Chin Med. 2025;53(5):1545-1571. [Abstract]

GETSA was performed after 24h of Sanguinarin chloride (2 μM) action, and the protein stability of NOS2 was examined by western at 40-80℃.

Sanguinarine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Chin Med. 2025;53(5):1545-1571. [Abstract]

Cell lysates were incubated with Sanguinarin chloride (2 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM), digested with PronaseE, the reaction was terminated by the addition of allozyme inhibitor, and the protein level of NOS2 was detected by western.

Sanguinarine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Chin Med. 2025;53(5):1545-1571. [Abstract]

ROS level in MKN-45 and MFC cells transfected with NOS2 or siNOS2 incubated with Sanguinarin chloride was detected by DCFH-DA.
PLoS Pathog

The CD97-PPM1G axis dampens antiviral immunity by dephosphorylating IRF7 in type I interferon pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 3;22(3):e1014032. PMID: 41774756
PLoS Pathog

G-quadruplex in the TMV Genome Regulates Viral Proliferation and Acts as Antiviral Target of Photodynamic Therapy. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 7;19(12):e1011796. PMID: 38060599
Pestic Biochem Physiol

Neurotoxicity of sanguinarine via inhibiting mitophagy and activating apoptosis in zebrafish and PC12 cells. [Abstract]

2022 Nov:188:105259. PMID: 36464364
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol

Cardiotoxicity of sanguinarine via regulating apoptosis and MAPK pathways in zebrafish and HL1 cardiomyocytes. [Abstract]

2022 Feb:252:109228. PMID: 34744004
Antiviral Res

Repurposing screen using a robust human rhinovirus infectious clone identifies pyrvinium pamoate with antiviral activity. [Abstract]

2026 Jun:250:106417. PMID: 42025967
Brain Behav Immun Health

Miltefosine as a PPM1A activator improves AD-like pathology in mice by alleviating tauopathy via microglia/neurons crosstalk. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 29:26:100546. PMID: 36388134
Toxicol Lett

Developmental toxicity caused by sanguinarine in zebrafish embryos via regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis and wnt pathways. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 10:350:71-80. PMID: 34252508
Fishes

2022, 7(5), 229.
Planta Med

Novel Approaches for the Analysis and Isolation of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids in Chelidonium majus. [Abstract]

2024 Jun;90(7-08):523-533. PMID: 38843792
bioRxiv

2024 Feb 5.
Research Square Print

2022 Jun.

Protocols

All Cell Biology Signal Pathway Related

Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (278 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Wang Y, Noninvasive bioluminescence imaging of the dynamics of sanguinarine induced apoptosis via activation of reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget. 2016 Apr 19;7(16):22355-67. [Content Brief]

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Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

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Keywords

Sanguinarine

16 Cited Publications

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Sanguinarine

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Sanguinarine