Art. -Nr.: HY-19992

3-Bromopyruvic acid

(Synonyms: Bromopyruvic acid; 3-BrPA; Hexokinase II Inhibitor II, 3-BP)

36 Cited Publications

Kundenbewertung

Based on 36 publication(s) in Google Scholar

3-Bromopyruvate (Bromopyruvic acid) is an analogue of pyruvate and a potent hexokinase (HK)-II inhibitor with high tumor selectivity. 3-Bromopyruvate inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through interfering with glycolysis. 3-Bromopyruvate induces autophagy by stimulating ROS formation in breast cancer cells. Antimicrobial activities.

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Reinheit: 98.0%
CAS. Nr.: 1113-59-3
Formel: C₃H₃BrO₃
Molecular Weight:166.96

Speicherung:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

3-Bromopyruvic acid Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 1113-59-3

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Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (36)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	GI₅₀	25 μM Compound: 3-BP	Growth inhibition of human A549 cells expressing MCT1 incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Growth inhibition of human A549 cells expressing MCT1 incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36584238]

In Vitro

3-Bromopyruvate enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells^[2].
3-Bromopyruvate (Bromopyruvic acid), a hexokinase II inhibitor, can induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress^[2].
3-Bromopyruvate inhibits ATP generation and upregulates the expression of DR5. 3-Bromopyruvate upregulates CHOP, GRP78 and the phosphorylation of AMPK and augments TRAIL-induced Bax and caspase-3 levels^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells
Concentration:

40, 80, 160 or 320 µM
Incubation Time:

24 hours
Result:

3-Bromopyruvate (80 and 160 µmol/l) and TRAIL (400 ng/ml) significantly inhibited cell viability.

In Vivo

3-Bromopyruvate (8 mg/kg; i.p.; every 4 days for 28 days) shows a synergistic antitumor effect in MCF-7 cell xenografts in nude mice^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Female nude mice (BALB/c; 4-5-weeks old and 18-20 g)^[2]
Dosage:

8 mg/kg
Administration:

I.p.; every 4 days for 28 days
Result:

Showed antitumor efficacy in tumor xenografts.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 1113-59-3
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 166.96
Formel C₃H₃BrO₃
Color Off-white to light yellow
SMILES

O=C(O)C(CBr)=O
Synonyms

Bromopyruvic acid; 3-BrPA; Hexokinase II Inhibitor II, 3-BP
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Speicherung

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (36)

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell Stem Cell

Highly efficient and rapid generation of human pluripotent stem cells by chemical reprogramming. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 6;30(4):450-459.e9. PMID: 36944335
Bone Res

Osteoclasts control endochondral ossification via regulating acetyl-CoA availability. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. PMID: 39198395

3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. [Abstract]

Immunoblots of the pre-proenzyme and active CTSK levels in osteoclasts treated with 2DG (1 μM), FCCP (1 μM), Rotenone (100 nmol/L) or 3-BrPA (3-Bromopyruvic acid, 1 μM) for 10 h. The MMP-9 and CTSB expression levels were also detected. DMSO-treated osteoclasts were used as controls.

3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Aug 28;12(1):49. [Abstract]

Immunofluorescence staining to show the CTSK expression level in osteoclasts that were treated with Oligomycin A (10 nM), Rotenone (100 nM), FCCP (1 μM), 2DG (1 μM) or 3BrPA (3-Bromopyruvic acid, 1 μM) for 6 h.
Mol Cell

YTHDC1 lactylation regulates its phase separation to enhance target mRNA stability and promote RCC progression. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 17;85(14):2733-2748.e7. PMID: 40680722
J Clin Invest

α-Ketoglutarate protects against cartilage damage via epigenetically driven metabolic reprogramming in osteoarthritis models. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 2;136(5):e172380. PMID: 41766657
Chem Eng J

2025 Mar 1.

3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chem Eng J. 2025 Mar 1.

Representative TEM images showed that IR780/3BP@PLGA and CSIR780/3BP@PLGA (Groups 4 and 6, 1 mg/mL PLGA concentration) nanoparticles presented a spherical structure.
Cell Death Dis

High glucose levels promote glycolysis and cholesterol synthesis via ERRα and suppress the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in endometrial cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 17;16(1):182. PMID: 40097416

3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Mar 17;16(1):182. [Abstract]

Co-IP was performed to clarify the relationship between HK2 and HMGCS1 binding with p62 when added in 10 μM 3-BrPA (3-Bromopyruvic acid) in KLE cells.
Cell Death Dis

Hnrnpk maintains chondrocytes survival and function during growth plate development via regulating Hif1α-glycolysis axis. [Abstract]

2022 Sep 20;13(9):803. PMID: 36127325
Mater Today Bio

An exosome-based nanoplatform for siRNA delivery combined with starvation therapy promotes tumor cell death through autophagy, overcoming refractory KRAS-mutated tumors and restoring cetuximab chemosensitivity. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 10:32:101732. PMID: 40290881
Arch Toxicol

CuO-NPs-triggered heterophil extracellular traps exacerbate liver injury in chicks by promoting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. [Abstract]

2022 Nov;96(11):2913-2926. PMID: 35962800
Arch Toxicol

Chicken heterophils extracellular traps act as early effectors against cyclopiazonic acid dependent upon NADPH oxidase, ROS and glycolysis. [Abstract]

2022 Jul;96(7):2113-2122. PMID: 35508807
Cell Death Discov

Tanshinone IIA inhibits heat-induced growth of p53-mutant Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating osmotic homeostasis and glycolysis through targeting ALDH7A1. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 31;11(1):493. PMID: 41173836
Int J Biol Macromol

Cepharanthine inhibits African swine fever virus replication by suppressing AKT-associated pathways through disrupting Hsp90-Cdc37 complex. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;282(Pt 4):137070. PMID: 39486740

3-Bromopyruvic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Dec;282(Pt 4):137070. [Abstract]

3-BPA (3-Bromopyruvic acid) at concentrations from 1.1 to 10 μM and GSK at concentrations from 3.3 to 30 μM inhibited ASFV replication in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that glycolysis inhibition leads to suppression of ASFV replication in PAMs.
J Agric Food Chem

Glycolysis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production Participate in T-2 Toxin-Stimulated Chicken Heterophil Extracellular Traps. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 3;69(43):12862-12869. PMID: 34694797
Neurobiol Dis

Upregulated hexokinase 2 expression induces the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons by promoting lactate production in Parkinson's disease. [Abstract]

2022 Feb:163:105605. PMID: 34973450
Eur J Pharmacol

Inhibition of PKM2 lactylation by geniposide ameliorates synovial hyperplasia in experimental arthritis. [Abstract]

2026 May 10:1023:178866. PMID: 41990904
Int Immunopharmacol

Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts promote the glycolysis of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via TREM1/mTOR axis. [Abstract]

2026 Sep 1:184:116961. PMID: 42242136
Arthritis Res Ther

The Glycolysis-HIF-1α axis induces IL-1β of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 26;27(1):180. PMID: 41013704
Molecules

Discovery of a Novel Inhibitor Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isocitrate Lyase. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 11;27(8):2447. PMID: 35458645
Sci Rep

PKM2 accelerated the progression of chronic fatigue syndrome via promoting the H4K12la/ NF-κB induced neuroinflammation and mitochondrial damage. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 28;15(1):10772. PMID: 40155479
Sci Rep

Controlling glycolysis to generate characteristic volatile organic compounds of lung cancer cells. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 17;14(1):16561. PMID: 39020066
Cell Signal

HK2 promotes migration and invasion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via enhancing cancer stem-like cells' resistance to anoikis. [Abstract]

2024 Jun:118:111126. PMID: 38453126
Poult Sci

Gliotoxin elicits immunotoxicity in the early innate immune system of ducks. [Abstract]

2024 Jun;103(6):103717. PMID: 38643746
Fish Shellfish Immunol

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) exhibit immune toxicity to crucian carp (Carassius carassius) by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release and oxidative stress. [Abstract]

2022 Oct:129:22-29. PMID: 35932984
Cell Stress Chaperones

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in apoptosis induced by HK2 inhibitor and its potential as a new drug combination strategy. [Abstract]

2022 May;27(3):273-283. PMID: 35355227
Exp Cell Res

CSN5 upregulates glycolysis to promote hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via stabilizing the HK2 protein. [Abstract]

2020 Mar 15;388(2):111876. PMID: 31991125
Food Chem Toxicol

Diacetoxyscirpenol-induced heterophil extracellular traps contribute to the immune toxicity of liver injury in chickens. [Abstract]

2021 Feb:148:111926. PMID: 33352262
Exp Eye Res

Inhibition of Drp1 ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 28;220:109095. PMID: 35490835
J Inorg Biochem

Nanosilver-stimulated heterophil extracellular traps promoted liver and kidney injury in chicken. [Abstract]

2022 Apr 20;233:111838. PMID: 35504082
J Inorg Biochem

Alumina nanoparticles-induced heterophil extracellular traps exacerbate liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation in chickens. [Abstract]

2022 Apr:229:111725. PMID: 35063926
Vet Parasitol

Neospora caninum triggers the release of heterophil extracellular traps in chickens. [Abstract]

2025 Jul:337:110471. PMID: 40245810
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol

Esculin Facilitates Aerobic Glycolysis via the Wnt/β-Catenin/HIF-1α Pathway to Reduce the Progression of Gastric Cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Jan;53(1):e70096. PMID: 41340325
Res Sq

2026 Jun 15.
bioRxiv

2026 May 29.
SSRN

2025 Dec 2.
Research Square Print

posted 01 Nov, 2022
Research Square Preprint

2021 Jun.

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

H₂O : 175 mg/mL (1048.16 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (598.95 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.9895 mL

29.9473 mL

59.8946 mL

5 mM

1.1979 mL

5.9895 mL

11.9789 mL

10 mM

0.5989 mL

2.9947 mL

5.9895 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.97 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.97 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.97 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 100 mg/mL (598.95 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (276 KB)
SDS (477 KB)
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- Portuguese - PT (477 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Gan L, et al. Synergistic Effect of 3-Bromopyruvate in Combination with Rapamycin Impacted Neuroblastoma Metabolism by Inhibiting Autophagy. Onco Targets Ther. 2020;13:11125-11137. Published 2020 Oct 29. [Content Brief]

[2]. Chen Y, et al. 3 Bromopyruvate sensitizes human breast cancer cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis via the phosphorylated AMPK mediated upregulation of DR5. Oncol Rep. 2018;40(5):2435-2444. [Content Brief]

[3]. Zhang Q, et al. Hexokinase II inhibitor, 3-BrPA induced autophagy by stimulating ROS formation in human breast cancer cells. Genes Cancer. 2014;5(3-4):100-112. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	5.9895 mL	29.9473 mL	59.8946 mL	149.7365 mL
	5 mM	1.1979 mL	5.9895 mL	11.9789 mL	29.9473 mL
	10 mM	0.5989 mL	2.9947 mL	5.9895 mL	14.9736 mL
	15 mM	0.3993 mL	1.9965 mL	3.9930 mL	9.9824 mL
	20 mM	0.2995 mL	1.4974 mL	2.9947 mL	7.4868 mL
	25 mM	0.2396 mL	1.1979 mL	2.3958 mL	5.9895 mL
	30 mM	0.1996 mL	0.9982 mL	1.9965 mL	4.9912 mL
	40 mM	0.1497 mL	0.7487 mL	1.4974 mL	3.7434 mL
	50 mM	0.1198 mL	0.5989 mL	1.1979 mL	2.9947 mL
	60 mM	0.0998 mL	0.4991 mL	0.9982 mL	2.4956 mL
	80 mM	0.0749 mL	0.3743 mL	0.7487 mL	1.8717 mL
	100 mM	0.0599 mL	0.2995 mL	0.5989 mL	1.4974 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

3-Bromopyruvic acid

36 Cited Publications

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3-Bromopyruvic acid

Bioactive Compound Library Max

Bioactive Compound Library

Apoptosis Compound Library

Kinase Inhibitor Library

Metabolism/Protease Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Autophagy Compound Library

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Compound Library

Glycolysis Compound Library

Anti-Breast Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Metabolism Compound Library

Glucose Metabolism Compound Library

Targeted Diversity Library

Metabolic Enzyme Compound Library

Cysteine Targeted Covalent Library

Cysteine Targeted Covalent Fragment Library

Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library

Cell Death Library

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Kinase Inhibitor Library Mini

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Compound Library

Lactic Acid Metabolic Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Posttranslational Modification Library

RNA Binding Bioactive Compound Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 3-Bromopyruvic acid

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (36)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

3-Bromopyruvic acid

Bioactive Compound Library Max

Bioactive Compound Library

Apoptosis Compound Library

Kinase Inhibitor Library

Metabolism/Protease Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Autophagy Compound Library

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Compound Library

Glycolysis Compound Library

Anti-Breast Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Metabolism Compound Library

Glucose Metabolism Compound Library

Targeted Diversity Library

Metabolic Enzyme Compound Library

Cysteine Targeted Covalent Library

Cysteine Targeted Covalent Fragment Library

Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library

Cell Death Library

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Kinase Inhibitor Library Mini

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Compound Library

Lactic Acid Metabolic Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Posttranslational Modification Library

RNA Binding Bioactive Compound Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) 3-Bromopyruvic acid

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (36)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

3-Bromopyruvic acid Related Classifications

HY-19992 Related Classifications