Levulinic acid
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate. Levulinic acid is also a 5-keto-pentanoic acid. Levulinic acid can be utilized by the cells as a cosubstrate for biopolymer synthesis. Levulinic acid can be used in antibacterial research.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.95%
- CAS No.: 123-76-2
- Formula: C5H8O3
- Molecular Weight:116.12
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Storage:
Store at room temperature 3 years.
In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Levulinic acid (3% v/v) combined with low-concentration acidic electrolyzed water exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal effects (aerobic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, E. coli and L. innocua) on fresh organic lettuce (Lactuca sativa Var. Crispa L.) by destroying cell membrane permeability and morphology[2].
Levulinic acid (0.5 g/L, 24 h) shows obvious enhancement of Alcatigenes sp. SH-69 cells growth and PHA accumulation[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 123-76-2
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Appearance <30°C Solid,>33°C Liquid
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Molecular Weight 116.12
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Formula C5H8O3
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Color Colorless to off-white
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SMILES
CC(CCC(O)=O)=O
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Synonyms
4-Oxovaleric acid; NSC 3716
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Store at room temperature 3 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (861.18 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.53 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.53 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (271 KB)
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SDS (554 KB)
- English - EN (554 KB)
- Français - FR (554 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (554 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (554 KB)
- Español - ES (554 KB)
- Swedish - SV (554 KB)
- Italian - IT (554 KB)
- Korean - KR (554 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (554 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 8.6118 mL | 43.0589 mL | 86.1178 mL | 215.2945 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.7224 mL | 8.6118 mL | 17.2236 mL | 43.0589 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8612 mL | 4.3059 mL | 8.6118 mL | 21.5295 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5741 mL | 2.8706 mL | 5.7412 mL | 14.3530 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4306 mL | 2.1529 mL | 4.3059 mL | 10.7647 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3445 mL | 1.7224 mL | 3.4447 mL | 8.6118 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2871 mL | 1.4353 mL | 2.8706 mL | 7.1765 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2153 mL | 1.0765 mL | 2.1529 mL | 5.3824 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1722 mL | 0.8612 mL | 1.7224 mL | 4.3059 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1435 mL | 0.7176 mL | 1.4353 mL | 3.5882 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1076 mL | 0.5382 mL | 1.0765 mL | 2.6912 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0861 mL | 0.4306 mL | 0.8612 mL | 2.1529 mL |
Levulinic acid Related Classifications
HY-Y0839 Related Classifications
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