Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
Based on 88 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ sulfate) is a synthetic antimalarial agent which can also inhibit Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.95%
- CAS No.: 747-36-4
- Formula: C18H28ClN3O5S
- Molecular Weight:433.95
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. [Abstract]
- Nat Biotechnol. 2022 Dec;40(12):1834-1844. [Abstract]
- Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]
- Nat Biomed Eng. 2022 Jan;6(1):32-43. [Abstract]
- Exploration. 2025 Dec 18;5(6):20240396. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 14;13(1):3419. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2021 Aug 16;12(1):4964. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Apr;15(4):2095-2113. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Dec;11(12):3966-3982. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2026 Jun 25:1-16. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2023 May;19(5):1533-1550. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2023 Apr;19(4):1184-1198. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2022 Sep;18(9):2178-2197. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2022 May;18(5):971-989. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jun 23:e03322. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2020 Apr 27;10(13):5829-5844. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2025 Oct 15.
- Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D1113-D1121. [Abstract]
- Exp Mol Med. 2025 Dec 18. [Abstract]
- Cell Discov. 2020 Mar 18:6:16. [Abstract]
- J Control Release. 2020 Jan 28;320:304-313. [Abstract]
- Environ Sci Technol. 2026 Mar 3;60(8):6558-6568. [Abstract]
- Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023 Feb;75(2):305-317. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2026 Mar 25;14(3):e012426. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2021 Jul:169:105642. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2020 Apr 24;11(4):279. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2023 Apr;44(4):865-876. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 Nov;42(11):1875-1887. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2024 Dec:135:156059. [Abstract]
- BMC Med. 2021 Oct 15;19(1):247. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2021 Feb:82:153465. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Nov 9;14(44):49454-49470. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2025 Aug;182(15):3649-3668. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2023 Aug;180(15):1930-1948. [Abstract]
- Clin Sci (Lond). 2019 Aug 14;133(15):1759-1777. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2024 Aug 22;22(1):785. [Abstract]
- J Autoimmun. 2019 May:99:39-47. [Abstract]
- Mol Med. 2025 Aug 25;31(1):282. [Abstract]
- Clin Chem. 2019 Dec;65(12):1522-1531. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Aug 25:303:118932. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Mar:197:114904. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2021 Oct 26;120095. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2020 Apr 1;246:117366. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2020 Feb 15;243:117277. [Abstract]
- Precis Clin Med. 2026 Mar 14;9(2):pbag009. [Abstract]
- Respir Res. 2025 May 21;26(1):194. [Abstract]
- Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 May 8:8:378. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 2):115883. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Chem. 2024 Jun:147:107412. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Oct 15:932:175237. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Methods. 2023 Oct 23;3(10):100599. [Abstract]
- Rheumatology (Oxford). 2025 Aug 13:keaf437. [Abstract]
- ACS Omega. 2024 Feb 28;9(10):11870-11882. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 Nov 17;28(12):114098. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2022 Jun 30;25(8):104690. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2023 Jun;299(6):104814. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 29;12(1):18259. [Abstract]
- Aging. 2021 Mar 10;13(6):8421-8439. [Abstract]
- Cell Signal. 2019 Feb:54:17-26. [Abstract]
- Open Biol. 2025 Mar;15(3):240226. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2023 Nov 17;9(11):e21893. [Abstract]
- Cell Biol Int. 2025 Mar 24. [Abstract]
- J Innate Immun. 2026;18(1):126-136. [Abstract]
- Mol Pharmacol. 2025 Nov;107(11):100078. [Abstract]
- Am J Cancer Res. 2020 Nov 1;10(11):3896-3910. [Abstract]
- Cell Biochem Funct. 2022 Jun;40(4):403-416. [Abstract]
- Virology. 2023 Sep:586:105-114. [Abstract]
- Immunobiology. 2025 Mar 12;230(3):152891. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Nov 1:787:152767. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022 May 7:603:130-137. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Dec 10;533(3):474-480. [Abstract]
- Cancer Genet. 2026 Apr:302-303:124-138. [Abstract]
- Food Agric Immunol. 2025 Feb 08.
- STAR Protoc. 2022 Dec 16;3(4):101859. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 18.
- Res Sq. 2026 Feb 22.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Nov 11.
- bioRxiv. 2025 May 30.
- Patent. US20250025542A1.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Dec 5:2024.12.04.626665. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20240238271A1.
- Res Sq. 2024 Jun 21.
- Curr Med. 2023 Oct 17.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Sep 6.
- Patent. US20230218606A1.
- J Exp Pharmacol. 2022 Nov 8:14:353-365. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Oct.
- Universidade de São Paulo. 2020 Sep.
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Biological Activity
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TLR7 |
Plasmodium |
TLR9 |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vero C1008 | CC50 |
>40 μM
Compound: Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
|
Cytotoxicity (CC50) determination in Vero E6 cells measured by fluorescence (OD590nm)
Cytotoxicity (CC50) determination in Vero E6 cells measured by fluorescence (OD590nm)
|
10.1101/2020.04.03.023846 |
| Vero C1008 | CC50 |
>>50 μM
Compound: Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
|
CC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
CC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
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10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
| Vero C1008 | CC50 |
>>50 μM
Compound: Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
|
CC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
CC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
| Vero C1008 | EC50 |
4.17 μM
Compound: Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
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Antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 (strain BavPat1) in Vero E6 cells assessed by inhibition of viral RNA replication measured by RT-PCR after 2 days
Antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 (strain BavPat1) in Vero E6 cells assessed by inhibition of viral RNA replication measured by RT-PCR after 2 days
|
10.1101/2020.04.03.023846 |
| Vero C1008 | IC50 |
11.17 μM
Compound: Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
|
IC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
IC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
| Vero C1008 | IC50 |
9.21 μM
Compound: Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate
|
IC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
IC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells
|
10.1101/2020.03.25.008482 |
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is a synthetic antimalarial drug derived from 4-aminoquinoline; it has been used for several decades for the treatment of some rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA)[1]. Five micromolar Hydroxychloroquine sulfate or chloroquine also has no measurable effect on intracellular pH, although these concentrations can inhibit TLR9 or 7 signaling induced by DNA or RNA ligands[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 747-36-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 433.95
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Formula C18H28ClN3O5S
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CCN(CCO)CCCC(NC1=CC=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C12)C.O=S(O)(O)=O
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Synonyms
HCQ sulfate
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (88)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Selective depletion of tumor-associated SAMHD1 enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy and antitumor immune responses. [Abstract]2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. PMID: 41392286 -
Nat Biotechnol
2022 Dec;40(12):1834-1844. PMID: 35879364 -
Mol Cancer
Overcoming multi-drug resistance in SCLC: a synergistic approach with venetoclax and hydroxychloroquine targeting the lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT/BCL2/BECN1 pathway. [Abstract]2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. PMID: 39478582
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]
The combenefit analysis was performed to identify the synergistic interaction of drug combinations (cDDP + venetoclax, cDDP + HCQ (50-100 μM, 72 h), or cDDP + venetoclax + HCQ (0-50 μM, 72 h)) in H446/cDDP or H196/cDDP cells.
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]
CCK-8 assay was used to detect the relative cell viability of H446/cDDP under drug combinations (cDDP + venetoclax, cDDP + HCQ (0-50 μM, 0-72 h), or cDDP + venetoclax + HCQ (0-50 μM, 0-72 h)) indicated above.
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]
The colony formation assay demonstrated and analyzed the effectiveness of HCQ (0-50 μM) within 14 days.
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]
Western blot analysis showed the expression levels of p62, LC3 I, and LC3 II in H446/cDDP cells after HCQ (0-50 μM, 0-72 h) treatment.
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Oct 31;23(1):243. [Abstract]
Combinations of cDDP/VP-16/PTX, venetoclax and HCQ (15 mg/kg, once every two days, ip, 2-3 weeks) shrink the tumor volume of chemoresistant SCLC in PDX mice model.
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Nat Biomed Eng
Biomaterial-mediated modulation of oral microbiota synergizes with PD-1 blockade in mice with oral squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2022 Jan;6(1):32-43. PMID: 34750535 -
Exploration
A Bioorthogonal and Programmable Bacterial Delivery System for Spatiotemporally Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors. [Abstract]2025 Dec 18;5(6):20240396. PMID: 41476656 -
Nat Commun
Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces antitumor immunosuppression by inducing CHIP-mediated TGF-β degradation. [Abstract]2022 Jun 14;13(1):3419. PMID: 35701426
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 14;13(1):3419. [Abstract]
Following treatment with the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ, 60 mg/kg, once every other day, ip,18 days), Ursofalk no longer enhanced PD-1 antibody-mediated LLC tumor suppression.
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Nat Commun
An amphiphilic dendrimer as a light-activable immunological adjuvant for in situ cancer vaccination. [Abstract]2021 Aug 16;12(1):4964. PMID: 34400628 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
2025 Apr;15(4):2095-2113. PMID: 40486852 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Synergistic effects of autophagy/mitophagy inhibitors and magnolol promote apoptosis and antitumor efficacy. [Abstract]2021 Dec;11(12):3966-3982. PMID: 35024319
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Dec;11(12):3966-3982. [Abstract]
Representative photos of SH-SY5Y xenografted tumors. Mice were intraperitoneally treated with saline (Ctrl), magnolol (35 mg/kg), Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ; 50 mg/kg), Ac220 (1.5 mg/kg), magnolol þ HCQ, magnolol þ Ac220 for 23 days.
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Autophagy
Efficient pharmacological modulation of autophagy in isolated muscle fibers: impact on excitation-contraction coupling. [Abstract]2026 Jun 25:1-16. PMID: 42329081 -
Autophagy
A/(H1N1) pdm09 NS1 promotes viral replication by enhancing autophagy through hijacking the IAV negative regulatory factor LRPPRC. [Abstract]2023 May;19(5):1533-1550. PMID: 36300799
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Autophagy. 2023 May;19(5):1533-1550. [Abstract]
293T cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids above for 8 h and then either treated with Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (CQ; 20 μM) or not. 12 h later, cell lysates were analyzed with western blotting.
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Autophagy
Genome-Scale CRISPR screen identifies LAPTM5 driving lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2023 Apr;19(4):1184-1198. PMID: 36037300 -
Autophagy
Identification of an autoinhibitory, mitophagy-inducing peptide derived from the transmembrane domain of USP30. [Abstract]2022 Sep;18(9):2178-2197. PMID: 34989313 -
Autophagy
Increased alveolar epithelial TRAF6 via autophagy-dependent TRIM37 degradation mediates particulate matter-induced lung metastasis. [Abstract]2022 May;18(5):971-989. PMID: 34524943 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Splicing Shift of RAC1 Accelerates Tumorigenesis and Defines a Potent Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer. [Abstract]2025 Jun 23:e03322. PMID: 40548642 -
Theranostics
Activation of TFEB-mediated autophagy by trehalose attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2020 Apr 27;10(13):5829-5844. PMID: 32483422 -
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Nucleic Acids Res
COVID19 Drug Repository: text-mining the literature in search of putative COVID19 therapeutics. [Abstract]2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D1113-D1121. PMID: 33166390 -
Exp Mol Med
Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles regulate lipophagy through PLIN2 to modulate dormancy in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. [Abstract]2025 Dec 18. PMID: 41408408 -
Cell Discov
Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. [Abstract]2020 Mar 18:6:16. PMID: 32194981 -
J Control Release
TRAIL-expressing cell membrane nanovesicles as an anti-inflammatory platform for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. [Abstract]2020 Jan 28;320:304-313. PMID: 32004586 -
Environ Sci Technol
Data-Driven Discovery of Unknown Precursors of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Nontargeted Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 3;60(8):6558-6568. PMID: 41714108 -
Arthritis Rheumatol
mTOR inhibition prevents coronary artery remodeling in a murine model of Kawasaki disease. [Abstract]2023 Feb;75(2):305-317. PMID: 36057112 -
J Immunother Cancer
Telmisartan increases olaparib efficacy in homologous recombination proficient tumors by augmenting type I interferon production. [Abstract]2026 Mar 25;14(3):e012426. PMID: 41881499 -
Pharmacol Res
SNX17 protects the heart from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating LMOD2 degradation. [Abstract]2021 Jul:169:105642. PMID: 33933636 -
Cell Death Dis
CACNA1H downregulation induces skeletal muscle atrophy involving endoplasmic reticulum stress activation and autophagy flux blockade. [Abstract]2020 Apr 24;11(4):279. PMID: 32332705 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Hernandezine induces autophagic cell death in human pancreatic cancer cells via activation of the ROS/AMPK signaling pathway. [Abstract]2023 Apr;44(4):865-876. PMID: 36284209 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Autophagy inhibitors increase the susceptibility of KRAS-mutant human colorectal cancer cells to a combined treatment of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and lovastatin. [Abstract]2021 Nov;42(11):1875-1887. PMID: 33608672 -
Phytomedicine
Glycyrrhizin alleviates the toxicity of hydroxychloroquine in treating oral lichen planus by occupying heat shock protein 90 alpha. [Abstract]2024 Dec:135:156059. PMID: 39550918 -
BMC Med
HBeAg mediates inflammatory functions of macrophages by TLR2 contributing to hepatic fibrosis. [Abstract]2021 Oct 15;19(1):247. PMID: 34649530 -
Phytomedicine
Daphnetin triggers ROS-induced cell death and induces cytoprotective autophagy by modulating the AMPK/Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]2021 Feb:82:153465. PMID: 33486268 -
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
Upconversion Nanoparticle-Based Cell Membrane-Coated cRGD Peptide Bioorthogonally Labeled Nanoplatform for Glioblastoma Treatment. [Abstract]2022 Nov 9;14(44):49454-49470. PMID: 36300690 -
Br J Pharmacol
Hydroxychloroquine cures autoimmune myocarditis by inhibiting the innate immune system via the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 and C-X-C motif receptor 6 axis between macrophages and T cells. [Abstract]2025 Aug;182(15):3649-3668. PMID: 40222951 -
Br J Pharmacol
A novel sorbicillinoid compound as a potent anti-inflammation agent through inducing NLRP3 protein degradation. [Abstract]2023 Aug;180(15):1930-1948. PMID: 36788033 -
Clin Sci (Lond)
Mitochondrial ROS-induced lysosomal dysfunction impairs autophagic flux and contributes to M1 macrophage polarization in a diabetic condition. [Abstract]2019 Aug 14;133(15):1759-1777. PMID: 31383716 -
J Transl Med
ML335 inhibits TWIK2 channel-mediated potassium efflux and attenuates mitochondrial damage in MSU crystal-induced inflammation. [Abstract]2024 Aug 22;22(1):785. PMID: 39175013 -
J Autoimmun
Autophagy promotes aortic adventitial fibrosis via the IL-6/Jak1 signaling pathway in Takayasu's arteritis. [Abstract]2019 May:99:39-47. PMID: 30765261 -
Mol Med
CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides challenged macrophages ameliorate acetaminophen induced liver injury by activating TLR9/IRG1/itaconate metabolic pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug 25;31(1):282. PMID: 40855408 -
Clin Chem
Discovering Cross-Reactivity in Urine Drug Screening Immunoassays through Large-Scale Analysis of Electronic Health Records. [Abstract]2019 Dec;65(12):1522-1531. PMID: 31578215 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Phthalates promote lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma through the HPX-MAPK pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug 25:303:118932. PMID: 40858030 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Trehalose protects against cisplatin-induced cochlear hair cell damage by activating TFEB-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]2022 Mar:197:114904. PMID: 34971589 -
Life Sci
A 1,10-phenanthroline derivative selectively targeting telomeric G-quadruplex induces cytoprotective autophagy, causing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. [Abstract]2021 Oct 26;120095. PMID: 34715135 -
Life Sci
Hydroxychloroquine suppresses lung tumorigenesis via inducing FoxO3a nuclear translocation through STAT3 inactivation. [Abstract]2020 Apr 1;246:117366. PMID: 32001266 -
Life Sci
Berberine mitigates high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis by modulating autophagy via the mTOR/P70S6K/4EBP1 pathway. [Abstract]2020 Feb 15;243:117277. PMID: 31926252 -
Precis Clin Med
Agrimol B inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by induction of lethal mitophagy through decreasing mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3. [Abstract]2026 Mar 14;9(2):pbag009. PMID: 41978696 -
Respir Res
Autophagy and exosome dynamics in Radiation-Induced pulmonary fibrosis: the critical role of TRIB3. [Abstract]2025 May 21;26(1):194. PMID: 40399917 -
Front Bioeng Biotechnol
β-Elemene Reverses the Resistance of p53-Deficient Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil by Inducing Pro-death Autophagy and Cyclin D3-Dependent Cycle Arrest. [Abstract]2020 May 8:8:378. PMID: 32457882 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Baicalin inhibits the Akt/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway to activate autophagy and ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2026 Jan 1;168(Pt 2):115883. PMID: 41308360 -
Bioorg Chem
Identification of FTY720 and COH29 as novel topoisomerase I catalytic inhibitors by experimental and computational studies. [Abstract]2024 Jun:147:107412. PMID: 38696845 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Autophagy-dependent Na+-K+-ATPase signalling and abnormal urate reabsorption in hyperuricaemia-induced renal tubular injury. [Abstract]2022 Oct 15:932:175237. PMID: 36063871 -
Cell Rep Methods
RECOVER identifies synergistic drug combinations in vitro through sequential model optimization. [Abstract]2023 Oct 23;3(10):100599. PMID: 37797618 -
Rheumatology (Oxford)
Autophagy inhibitors block pathogenic NET release in immune-mediated inflammatory disease without impairing host defence. [Abstract]2025 Aug 13:keaf437. PMID: 40802538 -
ACS Omega
Identification of New Modulators and Inhibitors of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 for CLN1 Batten Disease and Cancer. [Abstract]2024 Feb 28;9(10):11870-11882. PMID: 38496939 -
iScience
TLR9 decreases FOXO3 expression to prevent excessive inflammation in macrophage activation syndrome. [Abstract]2025 Nov 17;28(12):114098. PMID: 41438053 -
iScience
Irradiation combined with PD-L1-/- and autophagy inhibition enhances the antitumor effect of lung cancer via cGAS-STING-mediated T cell activation. [Abstract]2022 Jun 30;25(8):104690. PMID: 35847556 -
J Biol Chem
Diarylheptanoid 35d overcomes EGFR TKI resistance by inducing hsp70-mediated lysosomal degradation of EGFR in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]2023 Jun;299(6):104814. PMID: 37178919 -
Sci Rep
2022 Oct 29;12(1):18259. PMID: 36309536 -
Aging
PGC-1α alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction via TFEB-mediated autophagy in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2021 Mar 10;13(6):8421-8439. PMID: 33714196 -
Cell Signal
The status of MAPK cascades contributes to the induction and activation of Gata4 and Nkx2.5 during the stepwise process of cardiac differentiation. [Abstract]2019 Feb:54:17-26. PMID: 30471465 -
Open Biol
2025 Mar;15(3):240226. PMID: 40068815 -
Heliyon
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 125 mg/mL (288.05 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (230.44 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Protocol
MRL/lpr mice are dosed orally five times a week with 20 or 60 mg/kg E6446 or 60 mg/kg Hydroxychloroquine sulfate beginning at 5 weeks of age. CB 4564 is administered at 50 mg/kg i.p. every 10 days. A serum sample is taken immediately before the beginning of treatment to monitor changes in autoreactive antibodies. Subsequently, serum samples are collected approximately monthly and analyzed for anti-dsDNA by ELISA after 1:500 dilution. Body weights and urine samples are taken at the same interval, and proteinuria is assessed. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are assessed using commercially available HEp2 slide kits, with serum diluted to 1:100 in kit buffer. ANA scores are read blinded[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (274 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Manzo C, et al. Psychomotor Agitation Following Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine. Drug Saf Case Rep. 2017 Dec;4(1):6. [Content Brief]
[2]. Lamphier M, et al. Novel small molecule inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR9: mechanism of action and efficacy in vivo. Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;85(3):429-40. [Content Brief]
[3]. Yao X, et al. In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 9. pii: ciaa237. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 2.3044 mL | 11.5221 mL | 23.0441 mL | 57.6103 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4609 mL | 2.3044 mL | 4.6088 mL | 11.5221 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2304 mL | 1.1522 mL | 2.3044 mL | 5.7610 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1536 mL | 0.7681 mL | 1.5363 mL | 3.8407 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1152 mL | 0.5761 mL | 1.1522 mL | 2.8805 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0922 mL | 0.4609 mL | 0.9218 mL | 2.3044 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0768 mL | 0.3841 mL | 0.7681 mL | 1.9203 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0576 mL | 0.2881 mL | 0.5761 mL | 1.4403 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0461 mL | 0.2304 mL | 0.4609 mL | 1.1522 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0384 mL | 0.1920 mL | 0.3841 mL | 0.9602 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0288 mL | 0.1440 mL | 0.2881 mL | 0.7201 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0230 mL | 0.1152 mL | 0.2304 mL | 0.5761 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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