2. Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Apoptosis
  3. Sodium Channel Ferroptosis
  4. Levobupivacaine

Levobupivacaine ((S)-(-)-Bupivacaine) is a long-acting amide local agent that can suppress or relieve pain. Levobupivacaine exerts agent that can suppress or relieve pain. and analgesic effects through reversible blockade of neuronal sodium channel. Levobupivacaine can inhibit impulse transmission and conduction in cardiovascular and other tissues, possessing certain cardiac and CNS toxicity. Levobupivacaine is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes in vivo. Levobupivacaine can also induce ferroptosis by miR-489-3p/SLC7A11 signaling in gastric cancer.

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Levobupivacaine

Levobupivacaine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 27262-47-1

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Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Levobupivacaine Related Antibodies

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Description

Levobupivacaine ((S)-(-)-Bupivacaine) is a long-acting amide local agent that can suppress or relieve pain. Levobupivacaine exerts agent that can suppress or relieve pain. and analgesic effects through reversible blockade of neuronal sodium channel. Levobupivacaine can inhibit impulse transmission and conduction in cardiovascular and other tissues, possessing certain cardiac and CNS toxicity. Levobupivacaine is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes in vivo. Levobupivacaine can also induce ferroptosis by miR-489-3p/SLC7A11 signaling in gastric cancer[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target

Sodium channels, Ferroptosis[1][2]
In Vitro

Levobupivacaine (0-4 mM; 24 h) does not affect the viability of GES-1 cells but inhibits the viability of HGC27 and SGC7901 cells[2].
Levobupivacaine (2 mM; 24, 48 or 72 h) enhances Erastin-induced inhibitory impact on HGC27 and SGC7901 cell viabilities; induces the levels of Fe2+, iron, and lipid ROS[2].
Levobupivacaine (2 mM; 24 h) enhances the expression of miR-489-3p in HGC27 and SGC7901 cells, increases the levels of Fe2+ and iron[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Levobupivacaine Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: GES-1, HGC27 and SGC790
Concentration: 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Did not affect the viability of normal gastric epithelial GES-1 cell lines but inhibited the viability of HGC27 and SGC7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: HGC27 and SGC7901 (incubated with 5 μM erastin)
Concentration: 2 mM
Incubation Time: 24, 48 or 72 h
Result: Enhanced erastin-induced inhibitory impact on HGC27 and SGC7901 cell viabilities; induced the levels of Fe2+, iron, and lipid ROS.

RT-PCR[2]

Cell Line: HGC27 and SGC7901 (incubated with 5 μM erastin)
Concentration: 2 mM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Enhanced the expression of miR-489-3p in HGC27 and SGC7901 cells, increased the levels of Fe2+ and iron.
In Vivo

Levobupivacaine (40 μmol/kg; IP; once daily for 25 days) significantly inhibits SGC7901 cell growth, and enhances the lipid ROS accumulation[2].
Levobupivacaine (5 or 36 mg/kg; IP; single dosage) increases the latency to partial seizures and prevents the occurrence of generalized seizures at low dosage; reduces the latency to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures and increased seizure severity at high dosage[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: CD1 mice (30-35 g; induced epileptic seizures by injecting with NMDA)[3]
Dosage: 5 or 36 mg/kg
Administration: IP; single dosage
Result: Increased the latency to partial seizures and prevented the occurrence of generalized seizures at 5 mg/kg; reduced the latency to NMDA-induced seizures and increased seizure severity at 36 mg/kg.
Animal Model: SCID nude mice (6-8 weeks; subcutaneously injected with 5×106 SGC7901 cells)[2]
Dosage: 40 μmol/kg
Administration: IP; once daily for 25 days
Result: Significantly inhibited SGC7901 cell growth, and enhanced the lipid ROS accumulation.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

288.43

Formula

C18H28N2O
CAS No.
Appearance

Powder

SMILES

O=C([C@H]1N(CCCC)CCCC1)NC2=C(C)C=CC=C2C
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 29.17 mg/mL (101.13 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.4670 mL 17.3352 mL 34.6705 mL
5 mM 0.6934 mL 3.4670 mL 6.9341 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.99 mg/mL (10.37 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.99 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (29.9 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.99 mg/mL (10.37 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.99 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (29.9 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.4670 mL 17.3352 mL 34.6705 mL 86.6761 mL
5 mM 0.6934 mL 3.4670 mL 6.9341 mL 17.3352 mL
10 mM 0.3467 mL 1.7335 mL 3.4670 mL 8.6676 mL
15 mM 0.2311 mL 1.1557 mL 2.3114 mL 5.7784 mL
20 mM 0.1734 mL 0.8668 mL 1.7335 mL 4.3338 mL
25 mM 0.1387 mL 0.6934 mL 1.3868 mL 3.4670 mL
30 mM 0.1156 mL 0.5778 mL 1.1557 mL 2.8892 mL
40 mM 0.0867 mL 0.4334 mL 0.8668 mL 2.1669 mL
50 mM 0.0693 mL 0.3467 mL 0.6934 mL 1.7335 mL
60 mM 0.0578 mL 0.2889 mL 0.5778 mL 1.4446 mL
80 mM 0.0433 mL 0.2167 mL 0.4334 mL 1.0835 mL
100 mM 0.0347 mL 0.1734 mL 0.3467 mL 0.8668 mL
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Levobupivacaine Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Levobupivacaine27262-47-1(S)-(-)-BupivacaineSodium ChannelFerroptosisNa channelsNa+ channelsanaestheticanalgesiccardiac toxicityCNS toxicityCYP450gastric cancerErastinNMDAInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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