Fatty Acyl CoAs

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trisodium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trisodium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis.

Lactyl-CoA is an acyl-CoA formally condensed from the sulfhydryl group of CoA and the carboxyl group of lactic acid, also known as lactyl-CoA. Lactyl-CoA is essential for the biosynthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible lactic acid-based copolymers.

Succinyl CoA (Succinyl-coenzyme A) sodium is a pivotal intermediate metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a key coenzyme A metabolite. Succinyl CoA sodium is biosynthesized from α-ketoglutarate or propionyl-CoA. Succinyl CoA sodium acts as a critical precursor and substrate for heme biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis. Succinyl CoA sodium insufficiency caused by cobalamin deficiency is directly linked to growth retardation, impaired heme synthesis, tissue glycine accumulation and neurological abnormalities. Succinyl CoA sodium can be used in research on metabolic, neurological, and hematological abnormalities (such as porphyria) caused by nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency (leading to a lack of Succinyl-Coenzyme A synthesis).

Malonyl CoA (Malonyl Coenzyme A) lithium is an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1). High Malonyl CoA lithium concentrations suppress fatty acid oxidation, while low Malonyl CoA lithium concentrations are permissive for fat oxidation.

DL-β-Hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid and the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan, and is produced from β-hydroxybutyric acid by short-chain-CoA synthase.

3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA is a 3-oxo fatty acyl-CoA. 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA can function as a metabolite in humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and mice. 3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA is a preferred substrate for thiolytic cleavage by P-44 (type II 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase).

Acetoacetyl CoA sodium hydrate is the precursor of HMG-CoA in the mevalonate pathway. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase catalyzes the reaction to form acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate from two acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetoacetyl CoA sodium hydrate is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Acetoacetyl-CoA sodium hydrate is also a intermediate in the biological breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids.

Glutaryl coenzyme A lithium is an important endogenous metabolites. Glutaryl coenzyme A lithium can be used in HMG-CoA or Glutaryl-CoA related experiment.

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) lithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A lithium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A lithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis.

Myristoyl coenzyme A lithium is lithium-labeled myristoylated coenzyme A (CoA). Myristoylation is an essential process in viruses and is generally controlled by N-myristoyltransferase (NMT). And NMT is more active in colon epithelial tumors than in normal cells. Reduced Ccoenzyme A (CoA) is known to be a key regulator of NMT activity, whereas oxidized CoA does not allow NMT to promote myristoylation. Myristoyl coenzyme A blocks the demyristoylation process and has potential anticancer and antiviral mechanisms.

Octanoyl coenzyme A lithium is an enoyl-CoA hydratase binder. Octanoyl coenzyme A lithium binds to the active site of enoyl-CoA hydratase, occupies the binding pocket for the fatty acid tail of the enzyme's substrate, and induces a conformational shift in a flexible protein loop via its longer octanoyl chain, forming an open channel leading to the inter-trimer gap.

Oleoyl coenzyme A (Oleoyl-CoA) lithium is a thioester of oleic acid and coenzyme A. Oleoyl coenzyme A lithium has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite.

Butyryl-Coenzyme A (Butyryl CoA) sodium is a coenzyme A-containing derivative of Butyric acid. Butyryl-Coenzyme A sodium is responsible for the final step of Butyrate production in bacteria.

Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium, a high-energy acyl donor, is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium acts as a substrate for p300’s histone crotonyltransferase activity, competing with acetyl-CoA for p300-mediated histone acylation reactions. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium regulates global and gene-specific histone crotonylation levels in cells, with cellular concentration changes altering histone crotonylation at regulatory elements of activated genes. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium serves as the substrate for crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC)-catalyzed NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping to form unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium can be used for the research of LPS-induced inflammatory response.

Dephospho-CoA is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), which is catalyzed to form CoA by GTP-dependent Dephospho-CoA kinase (DPCK). Dephospho-CoA completes the final synthetic step of CoA via phosphorylation and participates in energy metabolism and cellular signal transduction. Dephospho-CoA can be used in studies involving cancer (e.g., regulation of cell proliferation) and metabolic diseases (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction).

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trilithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trilithium regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trilithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis.

DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A disodium hydrate is a disodium salt compound of HMG-CoA, is a intermediate of terpenes and ketone bodies. DL-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A disodium also involves in ester metabolism in vivo, as a precursor for cholesterol synthesis, and regulates cholesterol synthesis by coupling LDL receptor.

Lauroyl coenzyme A lithium salt is an intermediary in fatty acid synthesis or metabolism, formed by combining long-chain fatty acids (or lauric acid) with coenzyme A. Lauroyl coenzyme A lithium salt is involved in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid transport, in which coenzyme A acts as a transport molecule to help move and target specific compounds.

Heptadecanoyl Coenzyme A (Heptadecanoyl-CoA), long-chain acyl-coenzymes A (acyl-CoAs) (LCACoA), is an intermediate in lipid metabolism. Heptadecanoyl Coenzyme A can be used for the research of glucose metabolism.

Myristoyl coenzyme A triammonium (14:0 Coenzyme A) is a myristoylated coenzyme A (CoA). Myristoylation is an essential process in viruses and is generally controlled by N-myristoyltransferase (NMT). And NMT is more active in colon epithelial tumors than in normal cells. Reduced Ccoenzyme A (CoA) is known to be a key regulator of NMT activity, whereas oxidized CoA does not allow NMT to promote myristoylation. Myristoyl coenzyme A blocks the demyristoylation process and has potential anticancer and antiviral mechanisms.