Diabetes

Oxidative Stress as a Contributing Factor and Potential Target in Diabetic Complications

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the biggest concerns for public health, which gives rise to an elevated risk of mortality.

Foundations Of Skin Repair Biology And Barriers To Healing

Skin repair is a coordinated restoration of barrier function, vascular supply, connective tissue, and mechanical integrity.

miRNAs Regulate β-Cell Inflammation

MicroRNAs regulate pancreatic beta-cell inflammation by tuning networks of messenger RNAs rather than acting as one-gene switches.

The Obesity-Inflammation Axis Regulates The Progression Of Psoriasis.

Psoriasis and obesity form a bidirectional immunometabolic axis rather than merely co-occurring conditions.

SGLT2 Inhibitors and Cognitive Impairment

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors reduce renal glucose reabsorption and were developed for type 2 diabetes, with established cardiorenal uses.

Lipid Spill-Over, Glucotoxicity, and Insulin Resistance

Lipid spill-over occurs when adipose tissue can no longer safely store incoming energy, increasing fatty-acid delivery and ectopic lipid deposition in liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and other organs.

Genomic Analysis of Host-Microbiota Interaction Mechanisms

Genomic analysis of host-microbiota interactions asks how host genetic variation influences microbial composition or function and how microbial genes and metabolites affect host pathways.

Epigenetic Regulation of T Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which immune responses progressively destroy pancreatic beta cells, and epigenetic regulation provides a mechanistic layer between inherited susceptibility, environmental exposure, and T-cell phenotype.

Epigenetic Regulation and Metabolic Memory

Metabolic memory describes persistent pathological effects of prior metabolic exposure after the initiating condition improves.

Epigenetic Regulation and Wound Healing

Wound healing is a coordinated transition through hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and extracellular-matrix remodeling.

Explaining the link between parental diet and offspring health based on epigenetics

Parental-diet epigenetics examines how nutrition before conception and during pregnancy associates with offspring development and later metabolic health through regulatory information beyond DNA sequence.

Macrophage immune metabolism regulation of obesity and metabolic diseases

Obesity changes adipose tissue from an energy-storage organ into a chronically inflamed metabolic environment.

Inflammation-mediated diabetic myocardial damage

Diabetic cardiomyopathy describes myocardial dysfunction that develops in diabetes without requiring overt coronary disease, valvular disease, hypertension, or dyslipidemia to explain it.

Adipose tissue regulates cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

Adipose tissue is a plastic endocrine, metabolic, thermogenic, and immune organ rather than a passive lipid reservoir.

Mechanisms Linking Dietary Intake to Cardiovascular Risk

Diet influences cardiovascular risk through lipoproteins, blood pressure, glucose regulation, adiposity, inflammation, thrombosis, endothelial function, and the gut microbiome.

Molecular links in cardio-renometabolic health

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health describes the integrated physiology and disease risk created by obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly grouped under nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, identifies hepatic steatosis in a metabolic-risk context.

High Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Elevated lipoprotein-related cardiovascular risk is driven primarily by atherogenic particles rather than by total cholesterol alone.

Precision Immune Modulation For Autoimmune Diseases

Precision immune modulation for autoimmune diseases aims to correct pathogenic immunity without broad systemic immunosuppression.

Beyond GLP-1: Multi-Target Strategies For Obesity Treatment

Beyond GLP-1 obesity treatment means moving from single incretin agonism toward multi-target pharmacology that engages appetite, satiety, insulin secretion, glucagon biology, amylin signaling, energy expenditure, and genetically defined hypothalamic pathways.

The Role Of The Sting Signaling Pathway In Lipid Metabolism And Immunity

The STING signaling pathway links cytosolic DNA sensing with innate immunity, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and metabolic disease biology.

Targeting Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) And Diabetic Complications

Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are specialized ER-mitochondria contact sites that maintain interorganelle communication and regulate calcium homeostasis, lipid synthesis and transport, mitochondrial dynamics, ER stress, glucose homeostasis, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation in diabetic complications.

Major Hurdles Facing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPs)-Targeted Drugs

Protein tyrosine phosphatases regulate phosphorylation-dependent signaling by removing phosphate groups from tyrosine residues.

Evolution Of Therapeutic Targets For Obesity

Obesity pharmacotherapy has evolved from approaches that broadly suppress appetite or nutrient absorption toward therapies that target the biological systems governing energy homeostasis, satiety, nutrient sensing, and metabolic adaptation.

The Role Of Nuclear Receptors In Energy Metabolism Balance

Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that function as metabolic sensors linking nutrient availability, hormonal signals, and gene expression programs that regulate energy homeostasis.

Dietary Protein Restriction & Aging

Dietary protein restriction (PR) is a nutritional intervention that reduces protein or specific amino acid intake without necessarily reducing total energy consumption.