Adenosine (Synonyms: Adenine riboside; D-Adenosine)

Name: Adenosine
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-B0228
Rating: 5.0 (18 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-B0228 Purity: 99.96%: Data Sheet
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Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous and BBB-permeable endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 58-61-7

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Based on 18 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Adenosine:

Adenosine-d In-stock
Adenosine-¹³C₅ In-stock
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Adenosine-¹⁵N₅ In-stock
Adenosine-d₁₃ In-stock
Adenosine-¹³C₁₀ In-stock
Adenosine-1′-¹³C In-stock
Adenosine-¹³C In-stock
Adenosine-d₂ In-stock
Adenosine-d-1 In-stock
Adenosine-d-2 In-stock
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Adenosine (Standard) In-stock
Adenosine-d₉ Get quote
Adenosine-2′-¹³C Get quote
Adenosine-3′-¹³C Get quote
Adenosine-¹³C₁₀,¹⁵N₅ Get quote
Adenosine-¹⁵N Get quote

18 Publications Citing Use of MCE Adenosine

In Vivo Efficacy Study

PK/PD Analysis

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

: Adenosine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2026 Jan;649(8096):423-431. [Abstract]; a-c, Direct infusion of Adenosine into the mPFC produced sustained antidepressant-like effects. a, Experimental timeline and representative image of the bilateral infusion site in the mPFC of CRS. Scale bar, 500 µm. b,c, Immobility time in the forced swim test (FST; b) and sucrose preference (c) were measured 24 h after infusion of Adenosine (0.1 µg per side).

: Adenosine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 May 24;17(1):164. [Abstract]; Weight changes in mice. Images of NFD mice, HFD mice, HS mice and HA mice (A); Trends in body weight of mice in NFD, HFD, HS and HA groups, quantitative analysis, n = 12 (B). Abbreviations: NFD, normal-fat diet; HFD, high-fat die; HS, HFD + semaglutide intervention; HA, HFD + Adenosine (20 mg/kg; i.p.; Once daily) intervention.

: Adenosine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Jun 14:e2306514. [Abstract]; Adenosine (0.5-6 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose). ICPs and AUCs of adenosine receptor knock‐out (A1^−/−, A2a^−/−, A2b^−/−, A3^−/−) and WT mice. N = 8 in each group. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t‐test. * P < 0.05, **** P < 0.0001.

: Adenosine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2024 Aug 12;14(12):4874-4893. [Abstract]; The percentages of CD25⁺, CD69⁺ and CD154⁺ activated CD4⁺ T cells among the untreated group (NA), control group (Ctrl) and ADO (Adenosine, 5 mM; 24 h) group.

: Adenosine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Med. 2016 Sep;38(3):969-75. [Abstract]; Effects of Adenosine and CGS21680 on CD39 and CD73 expression. (A) Adenosine and CGS21680 promote the expression of CD39. (B) Adenosine and CGS21680 promote the expression of CD73. GAPDH is used as an internal reference.

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Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Microbial Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A-431	IC₅₀	195 μM Compound: Adenosine	Inhibition of erbB-1 receptor tyrosine kinase from A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells Inhibition of erbB-1 receptor tyrosine kinase from A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells	[PMID: 9089334]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.29 μM Compound: adenosine	Agonist activity at human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase of intracellular calcium level Agonist activity at human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase of intracellular calcium level	[PMID: 20541935]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.29 μM Compound: adenosine	Agonist activity at human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cells Agonist activity at human adenosine A3 receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 21388809]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.31 μM Compound: adenosine	Agonist activity at human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase of intracellular calcium level Agonist activity at human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase of intracellular calcium level	[PMID: 20541935]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.31 μM Compound: adenosine	Agonist activity at human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cells Agonist activity at human adenosine A1 receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 21388809]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: adenosine	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2A receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase of intracellular calcium level Agonist activity at human adenosine A2A receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase of intracellular calcium level	[PMID: 20541935]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: adenosine	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2A receptor expressed in CHO cells Agonist activity at human adenosine A2A receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 21388809]
CHO	EC₅₀	23500 nM Compound: AR-1	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2B receptor transfected in CHO cells assessed as changes in cAMP formation in the presence of nitrobenzylthioinosine Agonist activity at human adenosine A2B receptor transfected in CHO cells assessed as changes in cAMP formation in the presence of nitrobenzylthioinosine	[PMID: 26356532]
CHO	EC₅₀	24 μM Compound: adenosine	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2B receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase of intracellular calcium level Agonist activity at human adenosine A2B receptor expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase of intracellular calcium level	[PMID: 20541935]
CHO	EC₅₀	24 μM Compound: adenosine	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2B receptor expressed in CHO cells Agonist activity at human adenosine A2B receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 21388809]
CHO	EC₅₀	290 nM Compound: AR-1	Agonist activity at human adenosine A3 receptor transfected in CHO cells assessed as changes in cAMP formation in the presence of nitrobenzylthioinosine Agonist activity at human adenosine A3 receptor transfected in CHO cells assessed as changes in cAMP formation in the presence of nitrobenzylthioinosine	[PMID: 26356532]
CHO	EC₅₀	310 nM Compound: AR-1	Agonist activity at human adenosine A1 receptor transfected in CHO cells assessed as changes in cAMP formation in the presence of nitrobenzylthioinosine Agonist activity at human adenosine A1 receptor transfected in CHO cells assessed as changes in cAMP formation in the presence of nitrobenzylthioinosine	[PMID: 26356532]
CHO	EC₅₀	730 nM Compound: AR-1	Agonist activity at human adenosine A2A receptor transfected in CHO cells assessed as changes in cAMP formation in the presence of nitrobenzylthioinosine Agonist activity at human adenosine A2A receptor transfected in CHO cells assessed as changes in cAMP formation in the presence of nitrobenzylthioinosine	[PMID: 26356532]
COS-7	EC₅₀	1.04 μM Compound: adenosine	Activity against human wild type adenosine A3 receptor expressed in COS7 cells as measured by accumulation of inositol phosphate by PLC assay Activity against human wild type adenosine A3 receptor expressed in COS7 cells as measured by accumulation of inositol phosphate by PLC assay	[PMID: 16640329]
Detroit 98	ED₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: 2	Concentration that inhibited the growth of cultured human detroit 98 cells. Concentration that inhibited the growth of cultured human detroit 98 cells.	[PMID: 7131482]
HEK-293T	EC₅₀	0.039 μM Compound: Adenosine	Agonist activity at human A1AR expressed in HEK293T/17 cells assessed as inhibition of isoproterenol-induced cAMP accumulation incubated for 10 mins by luciferase reporter assay Agonist activity at human A1AR expressed in HEK293T/17 cells assessed as inhibition of isoproterenol-induced cAMP accumulation incubated for 10 mins by luciferase reporter assay	[PMID: 22738238]
HEp-2	IC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: 1	Compound was evaluated for cytotoxicity against H.Ep.-2 cells, and concentration required to inhibit the growth of treated cells to 50% of untreated control. Compound was evaluated for cytotoxicity against H.Ep.-2 cells, and concentration required to inhibit the growth of treated cells to 50% of untreated control.	[PMID: 6708054]
HEp-2	IC₅₀	20 μM Compound: 1	Compound was evaluated for cytotoxicity against H.Ep.-2 (AK-) cells and concentration required to inhibit the growth of treated cells to 50% of untreated control Compound was evaluated for cytotoxicity against H.Ep.-2 (AK-) cells and concentration required to inhibit the growth of treated cells to 50% of untreated control	[PMID: 6708054]
HeLa	IC₅₀	10.8 μM Compound: 37	Inhibition of cytopathogenicity of herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1)(KOS) in Hela cell culture. Inhibition of cytopathogenicity of herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1)(KOS) in Hela cell culture.	[PMID: 7473592]
HeLa	IC₅₀	98.85 μM Compound: 37	Concentration required to cause microscopically visible change or disruption in about 50% of Hela cell sheet. Concentration required to cause microscopically visible change or disruption in about 50% of Hela cell sheet.	[PMID: 7473592]
HepG2	IC₅₀	18.46 μM Compound: 35	Inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA expression in human HepG2 cells by SYBR Green I dye-based qRT-PCR analysis Inhibition of PCSK9 mRNA expression in human HepG2 cells by SYBR Green I dye-based qRT-PCR analysis	[PMID: 30448414]
L1210	EC₅₀	1.869 mM Compound: 2	Antitumor activity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation after 72 hrs Antitumor activity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation after 72 hrs	[PMID: 24915876]
L1210	IC₅₀	0.991 mM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24915876]
L929	ED₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: 2	Concentration that inhibited the growth of Mouse L cells. Concentration that inhibited the growth of Mouse L cells.	[PMID: 7131482]
PBMC	IC₅₀	1.867 mM Compound: 2	Cytotoxicity against human PBMC assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human PBMC assessed as inhibition of cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24915876]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 10 μM Compound: 19	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production pretreated for 30 mins followed by LPS stimulation for 24 hrs by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production pretreated for 30 mins followed by LPS stimulation for 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 28499733]
U2OS	EC₅₀	63 μM Compound: 60961	Inhibition of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1, SLC29A1) as assessed by GPCR-mediated changes in cell morphology using the impedance-based transporter activity through receptor activation (TRACT) assay (PubChem AID: 1745861) Inhibition of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1, SLC29A1) as assessed by GPCR-mediated changes in cell morphology using the impedance-based transporter activity through receptor activation (TRACT) assay (PubChem AID: 1745861)	[PMID: 31551431]

In Vitro

Adenosine (Adenine riboside) acts on four G-protein coupled receptors: two of them, A1 and A3, are primarily coupled to Gi family G proteins; and two of them, A2A and A2B, are mostly coupled to Gs like G proteins. These receptors are antagonized by xanthines including caffeine. Via these receptors it affects many cells and organs, usually having a cytoprotective function^[2].
Adenosine is an extracellular signaling molecule that is generated from its precursor molecules 5’-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 5’-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)^[3].
Adenosine is a common metabolite of ATP, which exhibits cytotoxic effects at high concentrations.Adenosine (1.0-4.0 mM; 12-24 hours) inhibits cell viability and triggers ER stress in HepG2 cells^[4].
Adenosine induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. Adenosine (2.0 mM; 12-24 hours) induces autophagy in HepG2 cells. In HepG2 cell lines, Adenosine -induced AMPK/mTOR pathway activation partially blocked ER stress and decreased apoptotic cell death^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

Molecular Weight

267.25

Formula

C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄

CAS No.

58-61-7

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

NC1=C(N=CN2[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)C2=NC=N1

Structure Classification

Others

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Endogenous metabolite

Marine natural products

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (124.71 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 5 mg/mL (18.71 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	3.7418 mL	18.7091 mL	37.4181 mL
5 mM	0.7484 mL	3.7418 mL	7.4836 mL
10 mM	0.3742 mL	1.8709 mL	3.7418 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 6.67 mg/mL (24.96 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.96%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (279 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (253 KB) HNMR (132 KB) RP-HPLC (253 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Fredholm BB. Adenosine, an endogenous distress signal, modulates tissue damage and repair. Cell Death Differ. 2007;14(7):1315-1323. [Content Brief]

[2]. Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev. 2018;98(3):1591-1625. [Content Brief]

[3]. Eltzschig HK. Adenosine: an old drug newly discovered. Anesthesiology. 2009;111(4):904-915. [Content Brief]

[4]. Zhou XT, et al. Inhibition of autophagy enhances adenosine induced apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Rep. 2019;41(2):829-838. [Content Brief]

[5]. Wang Y, et al. Purinergic signaling: A gatekeeper of blood-brain barrier permeation. Front Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 7;14:1112758. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	3.7418 mL	18.7091 mL	37.4181 mL	93.5454 mL
	5 mM	0.7484 mL	3.7418 mL	7.4836 mL	18.7091 mL
	10 mM	0.3742 mL	1.8709 mL	3.7418 mL	9.3545 mL
	15 mM	0.2495 mL	1.2473 mL	2.4945 mL	6.2364 mL
DMSO	20 mM	0.1871 mL	0.9355 mL	1.8709 mL	4.6773 mL
	25 mM	0.1497 mL	0.7484 mL	1.4967 mL	3.7418 mL
	30 mM	0.1247 mL	0.6236 mL	1.2473 mL	3.1182 mL
	40 mM	0.0935 mL	0.4677 mL	0.9355 mL	2.3386 mL
	50 mM	0.0748 mL	0.3742 mL	0.7484 mL	1.8709 mL
	60 mM	0.0624 mL	0.3118 mL	0.6236 mL	1.5591 mL
	80 mM	0.0468 mL	0.2339 mL	0.4677 mL	1.1693 mL
	100 mM	0.0374 mL	0.1871 mL	0.3742 mL	0.9355 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Adenosine Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Adenosine (Synonyms: Adenine riboside; D-Adenosine)

Customer Review

Other Forms of Adenosine:

18 Publications Citing Use of MCE Adenosine

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References

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Adenosine Related Classifications

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Adenosine (Synonyms: Adenine riboside; D-Adenosine)

Customer Review

Other Forms of Adenosine:

Adenosine Related Antibodies

18 Publications Citing Use of MCE Adenosine

Featured Recommendations

•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Biological Activity

Purity & Documentation

References

Customer Review

Adenosine Related Antibodies

Molarity Calculator

Dilution Calculator

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Adenosine Related Classifications

Keywords:

Your Recently Viewed Products:

Customer Review

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