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Rhodamine B-Chitosan (MW 200000) is a Rhodamine B (HY-Y0016)-labeled chitosan with a molecular weight of 200,000. Rhodamine B-Chitosan (MW 200000) combines the polysaccharide properties of chitosan with the fluorescence properties of Rhodamine B, playing an important role in fields such as fluorescent labeling, cell imaging, and drug delivery research (Ex/Em = 546/610 nm).

Rhodamine B-Chitosan (MW 10000) is a Rhodamine B (HY-Y0016)-labeled chitosan with a molecular weight of 10,000. Rhodamine B-Chitosan (MW 10000) combines the polysaccharide properties of chitosan with the fluorescence properties of Rhodamine B, playing an important role in fields such as fluorescent labeling, cell imaging, and drug delivery research (Ex/Em = 546/610 nm).

5(6)-carbonylated rhodamine 110 NHS ester is a reactive ester fluorescent reagent based on 5(6)-carbonylated rhodamine 110. NHS ester is a highly reactive ester capable of covalently coupling with primary amine groups in molecules such as proteins, peptides, amino sugars, and nucleic acids to form stable amide bonds (Ex/Em = 502/527 nm).

5(6)-carbonylated rhodamine 110 X NHS ester is a reactive ester fluorescent reagent based on 5(6)-carbonylated rhodamine 110 X. NHS ester is a highly reactive ester capable of covalently coupling with primary amine groups in molecules such as proteins, peptides, amino sugars, and nucleic acids to form stable amide bonds (Ex/Em = 496/522 nm).

5(6)-carbonylated rhodamine 110 amine is a primary amine fluorescent reagent based on 5(6)-carbonylated rhodamine 110. Primary amines can be covalently linked with various functional groups such as carboxylic acids, active esters (e.g., NHS esters), and isothiocyanates to achieve labeling (Ex/Em = 502/527 nm).

5(6)-carbonylated rhodamine 110 maleimide is a maleimide-based fluorescent reagent based on 5(6)-carbonylated rhodamine 110. Maleimide can be labeled by forming a stable thioester structure through an affinity addition reaction with a thiol group (-SH) (Ex/Em = 502/527 nm).

5(6)-Rhodamine 6G NHS ester is a reactive ester fluorescent reagent based on Rhodamine 6G (HY-D0309). NHS ester is a highly reactive ester capable of covalently coupling with primary amine groups in molecules such as proteins, peptides, amino sugars, and nucleic acids to form stable amide bonds (Ex/Em = 526/547 nm).

5(6)-Rhodamine 6G amine is a primary amine fluorescent reagent based on Rhodamine 6G (HY-D0309). Primary amines can be covalently linked with various functional groups such as carboxylic acids, active esters (e.g., NHS esters), and isothiocyanates to achieve labeling (Ex/Em = 526/547 nm).

5(6)-Rhodamine 6G maleimide is a maleimide-based fluorescent reagent based on Rhodamine 6G (HY-D0309). Maleimide can be labeled by forming a stable thioester structure through an affinity addition reaction with a thiol group (-SH) (Ex/Em = 526/547 nm).

BCN-PEG2000-Rhodamine is a red fluorescent dye.

TPE-2E N-oxide is a fluorescent probe used for hypoxia detection and tumor hypoxia imaging. Due to its active intramolecular motion, TPE-2E N-oxide shows no fluorescence in aqueous solution. In hypoxic environments, its N-oxide group undergoes two-electron reduction by CYP450 reductase and other heme protein reductases expressed under hypoxia, forming hydrophobic aggregates that trigger aggregation-induced emission through the restriction of intramolecular motion. TPE-2E N-oxide exhibits selective lipid droplet localization in cells. The absorption wavelength of TPE-2E N-oxide in dichloromethane is 313 nm; in a 99% hexane/dichloromethane mixed system, its excitation wavelength is 330 nm and emission wavelength is 460 nm. For in vitro cell imaging, excitation is performed at 405 nm, with an emission wavelength range of 430-560 nm.

NRLD is a lipid droplet-targeting solvatochromic fluorescent probe developed based on Nile Red (HY-D0718), which can target lipid droplets and sense the non-polar lipid microenvironment inside lipid droplets. NRLD exhibits superior lipid droplet-targeting selectivity compared to the parent Nile Red dye in HeLa cell imaging. NRLD achieves detection relying on the solvatochromic effect generated by excited-state charge transfer, and its emission wavelength shifts according to the local polarity changes of the microenvironment it locates in: the more compact and ordered the lipid packing and the lower the environmental polarity, the more blue-shifted the emission; the looser the lipid packing or the stronger the hydration and the higher the environmental polarity, the more red-shifted the emission. NRLD shows blue shift in the non-polar oil core of lipid droplets and red shift in high-polarity environments such as phosphate buffer.

NRLyso is a lysosome-targeted solvatochromic fluorescent probe derived from Nile Red (HY-D0718). It can localize to lysosomes and is applicable for imaging lysosomal lipid order and polarity. The excitation wavelength of NRLyso is 520 nm, and its emission maximum varies with the environment. NRLyso partitions well into lipid membranes: it exhibits fluorescence enhancement and emission blue-shift in low-polarity, tightly packed lipid environments, while shows emission red-shift in more polar, disordered lipid environments. NRLyso maintains organelle specificity under oxidative and hyperosmotic stress conditions, and can detect changes in lysosomal lipid order and polarity in response to these stresses, cholesterol extraction, and cholesterol enrichment.

NRERf is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted solvatochromic fluorescent probe based on Nile Red (HY-D0718). It possesses ER-targeting capability and can sense changes in local polarity and lipid order of biological membranes. NRERf undergoes excited-state charge transfer, with its emission color changing according to local polarity: the tightly packed, low-polarity liquid-ordered phase (Lo) induces a blue-shifted emission, while the high-polarity liquid-disordered phase (Ld) induces a red-shifted emission. The emission wavelength of NRERf varies with the environment. NRERf can be used to detect changes in lipid order and polarity induced in the ER by cholesterol extraction/enrichment, oxidative stress, and hyperosmotic shock.

Mito‑VR2 is a mitochondria-targeted molecular rotor-type viscosity fluorescent probe with high responsiveness to microenvironmental viscosity, which is suitable for synchronous imaging of mitochondrial viscosity during autophagy in living cells. Mito-VR2 achieves specific targeting of mitochondria through its hydrophobic cationic structure, and its fluorescence intensity responds only to microenvironmental viscosity. Mito-VR2 emits almost no fluorescence in low-viscosity media, but its fluorescence emission is significantly enhanced in high-viscosity environments.

CMTDP is a Fluorescent probe for detecting local polarity changes around the Cys34 domain of bovine serum albumin during pH-induced N→B conformational transition. It is a thiol-specific and polarity-sensitive probe; it covalently labels the free cysteine residue at position 34 (Cys34) of bovine serum albumin, and its fluorescence maximum emission wavelength shifts in response to solvent polarity, but not to pH and temperature. When labeled to BSA, as the local polarity around the Cys34 domain increases with rising pH, the probe shows a bathchromic shift in fluorescence emission wavelength and a decrease in fluorescence intensity, which allows quantification of the local polarity change via the relationship between emission wavelength shift and dielectric constant. CMTDP itself has absorption peaks at ~392 and 508 nm, and CMTDP-labeled BSA has excitation maxima at 376 and 470 nm at pH 6.0, with the shorter-wavelength excitation peak red-shifting as pH increases while the longer one remains stable; when excited at 470 nm, the fluorescence emission maximum shifts from 570 nm at pH 6.0 to 577 nm at pH 9.1, while free CMTDP at pH 7.4 has an emission maximum at 621 nm. The excitation/emission wavelengths for CMTDP-labeled BSA are Ex/Em = 376/570 nm at pH 6.0, Ex/Em = ~376+/573 nm at pH 7.4, Ex/Em = ~376+/575 nm at pH 8.0, Ex/Em = ~376+/577 nm at pH 9.1, and for free CMTDP at pH 7.4, Ex/Em (when excited at 470 nm) = 470/621 nm[1].

DCA is a Fluorescent probe for visualization of phase behavior in ER membranes. DCA is an ER-targeting, polarity-responsive NIR ratiometric probe, with its p-toluenesulfonamide group responsible for ER localization; its sensitivity to polarity relies on its donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure, where aniline acts as the donor and dicyanomethylene acts as the acceptor, driving an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process upon excitation. In environments with low polarity, such as the closely packed, low water content ERₒ phase of ER membranes, DCA emits at a shorter wavelength, while in high polarity environments like the loosely packed, higher water content ERd phase, ICT leads to a red-shifted emission, allowing discrimination of the two phases via dual NIR emission colors and ratiometric imaging. Ex/Em = 488/570–620 nm and 488/665–735 nm; additional excitation/emission pairs include Ex/Em = 488/631 nm in low polarity 1,4-dioxane and Ex/Em = 488/677 nm in 1,4-dioxane with 30% water, the higher polarity condition. It shows a large Stokes shift of ~170 nm, and pH, viscosity, and biologically relevant species including Cys, GSH, H₂O₂, and metal ions do not exert marked interference on its fluorescence spectra[1].

Lys-VBOD is a Fluorescent probe for lysosomal viscosity monitoring and live cell imaging. Its detection mechanism depends on viscosity: increased viscosity restricts the twisting of the double bond between the indole and BODIPY fluorophore, as well as the rotation of the single bond between quinoline and BODIPY, which reduces non-radiative decay and leads to enhanced fluorescence intensity in high viscosity environments; it also features a morpholine group that provides lysosome-targeting properties, allowing it to localize to lysosomes for viscosity detection. The probe has excitation/emission wavelengths of Ex/Em = 602/637 nm, and its fluorescence intensity shows a good linear relationship with log-transformed viscosity values. Lys-VBOD is stable across a wide pH range of 5.35 to 10.74, is not affected by macromolecules and proteins like BSA, has a fluorescence lifetime that increases with viscosity, and can visualize real-time lysosomal viscosity changes in live cells under Dexamethasone (HY-14648) stimulation[1].

ER-Fluidity is a fluorescent probe used to detect the membrane fluidity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER-Fluidity consists of BODIPY, Coumarin (HY-N0709) moieties and a long-chain n-octadecyl group (n-C₁₈). The excitation/emission wavelengths of the Coumarin moiety of ER-Fluidity are Ex/Em = 350/439 nm, while those of the BODIPY moiety are Ex/Em = 500/518 nm. In cell experiments, 488 nm is additionally used as an excitation wavelength for the BODIPY moiety.

BV-1 is a fluorescent probe for detecting mitochondrial viscosity in living cells. The detection mechanism of BV-1 relies on a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) mechanism associated with environmental viscosity: in low-viscosity media, the unsaturated domain at the meso-position of the BODIPY fluorophore undergoes TICT, achieving efficient excited-state deactivation through molecular rotation, thereby quenching fluorescence; under high-viscosity conditions, such molecular rotation is restricted, TICT is inhibited, and the conjugated system of the probe extends, which leads to significant fluorescence enhancement accompanied by a red shift in emission wavelength. BV-1 exhibits low cytotoxicity. Its detection wavelengths include excitation wavelengths of 480 nm or 488 nm, with an emission wavelength of 545 nm in low-viscosity environments and 570 nm in high-viscosity environments; in addition, its absorption peak locates at 528 nm in ethanol and red-shifts to 531 nm in glycerol.