Gemcitabine triphosphate
Gemcitabine triphosphate (dFdCTP) is the active metabolite of Gemcitabine (HY-17026). The mechanism of Gemcitabine triphosphate cell-killing is its competition with cytidine triphosphate during DNA replication, which results in the inhibition of chain elongation. Gemcitabine triphosphate shows a Ki of 11.2 μM against DNA polymerase α and 14.4 μM against DNA polymerase ε. Gemcitabine triphosphate partially inhibits dCMP deaminase and acts as a substrate for DNA synthesis to incorporate into cellular DNA and RNA. Gemcitabine triphosphate disrupts DNA and RNA synthesis, arrests cell cycle in G0/G1 and S phases, triggers apoptosis, reduces tumor cell proliferation. Gemcitabine triphosphate can be used for the research of pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.
The free form of the compound is prone to instability, it is advisable to consider the stable salt form (Gemcitabine triphosphate trisodium) that retains the same biological activity.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 110988-86-8
- Formula: C9H14F2N3O13P3
- Molecular Weight:503.14
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
Other In-stock Forms of Gemcitabine triphosphate
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
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DNA Polymerase |
In Vitro
Gemcitabine triphosphate inhibits replicative DNA polymerases α and ε with Ki values of 11.2 μM and 14.4 μM, respectively[1].
Gemcitabine triphosphate (0.01-10 μM; short-term incubation) accumulates to 0.01-10 μM in human colon carcinoma cells, with radiation enhancement ratios plateauing at 1.0 μM Gemcitabine (precursor)[1].
Gemcitabine triphosphate (0.1-10 μM; 48 h) reduces cell viability in H460 human NSCLC cells and BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner[3].
Gemcitabine triphosphate (1.8 μM; 24 h) arrests the cell cycle in the S phase in H460 human NSCLC cells and BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells[3].
Gemcitabine triphosphate (1.8 μM; 48 h) induce caspase-3/7 activation in H460 human NSCLC cells and BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:H460 and BxPC-3 cells
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Concentration:0.1 μM, 0.2 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM, 2 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:H460 and BxPC-3 cells
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Concentration:1.8 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Increased the percentage of cells in the S phase in both H460 and BxPC-3 cells, indicating S-phase arrest.
Parmacokinetics
| Species | Dose | Route | AUC | MRT | Vss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mice[3] | 7.5 μmol/Kg | i.v. | 14.89 h | 0.83 h | 5.58 |
In Vivo
Lipid/calcium/phosphate (LCP) nanoparticles loaded with Gemcitabine triphosphate (7.5 μmol/kg; i.v.; every other day for 4 days, followed by daily administration for 3 days) exert potent anti-tumor efficacy in H460 non-small cell lung cancer and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer xenograft models via caspase-dependent apoptosis, proliferation inhibition and tumor growth arrest[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
- Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
- BrdU Incorporation Assay
- Somatic Cell Culture
- CFSE Dye Dilution Proliferation Assay
- Dye-dilution cell tracking and proliferation staining
- Protocol for Cell Cycle
- CCK-8/WST-8 Cell Proliferation Assay
- Cell Counting-Based Growth Curve Assay
- Colony Formation (Clonogenic) Assay
- Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
- EdU Incorporation Assay (Click Chemistry-Based DNA Synthesis Measurement)
- Detection of Apoptosis
- TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
- Ki-67 Immunostaining Proliferation Assay
- PCNA Immunodetection Proliferation Assay
- Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining
- Protocol for Cell Counting and Cell Density Analysis
- Apoptosis Solutions
- MTT Cell Proliferation Assay
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 110988-86-8
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Molecular Weight 503.14
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Formula C9H14F2N3O13P3
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SMILES
NC(C=CN1[C@H]2C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(OP(OP(O)(O)=O)(O)=O)(O)=O)O2)=NC1=O
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Synonyms
dFdCTP
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Shewach DS, et al. Gemcitabine and radiosensitization in human tumor cells. Invest New Drugs. 1996;14(3):257-263. [Content Brief]
[2]. Matsumoto T, et al. A Liposomal Gemcitabine, FF-10832, Improves Plasma Stability, Tumor Targeting, and Antitumor Efficacy of Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Models. Pharm Res. 2021;38(6):1093-1106. [Content Brief]
[3]. Zhang Y, et al. Systemic delivery of gemcitabine triphosphate via LCP nanoparticles for NSCLC and pancreatic cancer therapy. Biomaterials. 2013;34(13):3447-3458. [Content Brief]
[4]. Rizzuto I, et al. Pharmacological factors affecting accumulation of gemcitabine's active metabolite, gemcitabine triphosphate. Pharmacogenomics. 2017;18(9):911-925. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Gemcitabine triphosphate Related Classifications
HY-17026A Related Classifications
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