Geranylgeraniol
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Geranylgeraniol is an orally acitve vitamin K2 sub-type, an intermediate of the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeraniol targets NF-kB signaling pathway and could alleviate LPS-induced microglial inflammation in animal model.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.54%
- CAS No.: 24034-73-9
- Formula: C20H34O
- Molecular Weight:290.48
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Storage:Pure form -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
NF-kB[1]
Geranylgeraniol (0-10 μM; 24 h) dose-dependently suppresses the LPS-induced increase in the mRNA levels of Il-1β, Tnf-α, Il-6, and Cox-2[1].
Geranylgeraniol (10 μM; 24 h) inhibits the phosphorylation of TAK1, IKKα/β, and NF-κB p65 proteins as well as NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by LPS while maintaining IκBα expression[1].
Geranylgeraniol, (50 μM; 24 h) eliminates cell damage caused by Simvastatin (HY-17502) (10 μM) and Mevalonat (10 mM), and reduces the inflammatory marker and the damage of the mitochondria, maintaining its shape and component[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:MG6 cell
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Concentration:0, 1, 10 μM
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:Suppressed by TAK1, IKKα/β, and NF-κB p65 proteins level at 10 μM.
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Cell Line:MG6 cell
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Concentration:10 μM
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Incubation Time:0, 6, 12, 24 hours
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Result:Significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-1β, Tnf-α, Il-6, and Cox-2 mRNA level.
Geranylgeraniol (483 mg/kg/d; p.o.; 10 d) suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation in rats[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Han Wistar rats (169-192 g for male; 116-152 g for female)[3]
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Dosage:0, 725, 1450, and 2900 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage; once daily; 90 days
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Result:Showed the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for local effects and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for systemic effects as 725 mg/kg/d.
Reduced body weights by 12.9 and 21.6% in the intermediate- and high-dose group males, respectively, compared to controls.
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Animal Model:Wistar rats (male, 8-week-old, 130-150 g)[4]
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Dosage:0, 48.3, 483, 4830 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage; once daily; 10 days; with or not LPS challenge (i.p.; 0.5 mg/kg)
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Result:Suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and mRNA expression of LPS-induced inflammatory genes in liver with doses of 483 mg/kg and 4830 mg/kg.
Suppressed protein levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, and TAK1, originating from transcriptional down-regulation with doses of 483 mg/kg and 4830 mg/kg.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 24034-73-9
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Appearance Liquid (Density: 0.8930 g/cm3)
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Molecular Weight 290.48
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Formula C20H34O
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
C/C(C)=C\CC/C(C)=C/CC/C(C)=C/CC/C(C)=C/CO
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
Halobacterium cutirubrum
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Pure form -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (344.26 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.61 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.61 mM); Suspended solution
This protocol yields a suspended solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (273 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Saputra WD, et al. Geranylgeraniol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Mouse-Derived MG6 Microglial Cells via NF-κB Signaling Modulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 29;22(19):10543. [Content Brief]
[2]. Marcuzzi A, et al. Geranylgeraniol and Neurological Impairment: Involvement of Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Morphology. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Mar 11;17(3):365. [Content Brief]
[3]. Preece K, et al. A toxicological evaluation of geranylgeraniol. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021 Aug;124:104975. [Content Brief]
[4]. Giriwono PE, et al. Dietary supplementation with geranylgeraniol suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation in rats. Eur J Nutr. 2013 Apr;52(3):1191-9. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.4426 mL | 17.2129 mL | 34.4258 mL | 86.0644 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6885 mL | 3.4426 mL | 6.8852 mL | 17.2129 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3443 mL | 1.7213 mL | 3.4426 mL | 8.6064 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2295 mL | 1.1475 mL | 2.2951 mL | 5.7376 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1721 mL | 0.8606 mL | 1.7213 mL | 4.3032 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1377 mL | 0.6885 mL | 1.3770 mL | 3.4426 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1148 mL | 0.5738 mL | 1.1475 mL | 2.8688 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0861 mL | 0.4303 mL | 0.8606 mL | 2.1516 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0689 mL | 0.3443 mL | 0.6885 mL | 1.7213 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0574 mL | 0.2869 mL | 0.5738 mL | 1.4344 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0430 mL | 0.2152 mL | 0.4303 mL | 1.0758 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0344 mL | 0.1721 mL | 0.3443 mL | 0.8606 mL |
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