Effects of benzotriazoles UV-328, UV-329, and UV-P on the self-renewal and adipo-osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 15:290:117765. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117765.
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.
- 2. Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
- 3. Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are pervasive environmental contaminants that pose significant risks to human health. This study evaluated the effects of three typical BUVSs (UV-328, UV-329, and UV-P) on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which play crucial roles in tissue maintenance and repair. hMSCs were exposed to BUVSs across a range of concentrations, and their maintenance and differentiation capacities were assessed. At concentrations below 50 μM, no significant cytotoxicity was observed. However, at non-cytotoxic doses, UV-P exhibited stronger effects on the differentiation of hMSCs compared to UV-328 and UV-329, significantly inhibiting adipogenesis and enhancing osteogenesis. Mechanistically, UV-P was found to significantly enrich the PPAR signaling pathway during both differentiation processes. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed UV-P's interaction with PPARγ_LBD at an alternate binding site outside the canonical pocket. These findings raise concerns about the health impacts of BUVSs, particularly UV-P, and underscore the need for further investigation into their toxicological profiles.
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