Lipoic acid (Synonyms: (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid; R-(+)-Thioctic acid)

Name: Lipoic acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-18733
Rating: 5.0 (9 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-18733 Purity: 99.87%: Data Sheet
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Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 1200-22-2

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 g	Get quote
50 g	Get quote

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Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Lipoic acid:

9 Publications Citing Use of MCE Lipoic acid

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

2D/3D Cell Culture and Differentiation

In Vivo Efficacy Study

Microbiological Assay

: Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Sep 26;16(1):8477. [Abstract]; Lipoic acid (α-Lipoic acid) (100 μM; 18 h) significantly reduced the staining area of SA-β-galactosidase in organoids.

: Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell. 2023 Dec 7;186(25):5500-5516.e21. [Abstract]; Survival curves of mice under SD (SR means 48 h of recovery after SD) with oral administration of Lipoic acid (100 mg/kg) (n = 6) or vehicle (n = 5) by gavage.

: Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Funct Mater. 2023 Jul 9.; Cell proliferation activity of photodamaged HDF cells after treatment of tFNAs (250 nM), Lipoic acid (LA) (40 µM；24 h), or TLA (tFNAs/LA: 250 nM/40 µM) (n = 5).

: Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Funct Mater. 2023 Jul 9.; Scratch test results on photodamaged HDF cells treated with tFNAs, Lipoic acid (LA) (40 µM; 48 h), and TLA at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. Scale bars: 200 µm.

: Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Dec 2;481(1-2):90-96. [Abstract]; DMKG inhibits autophagy of HSCs via acetyl-coenzyme A and EP300. Western blot analysis of LC3B, Beclin-1, a-SMA, and collagen-I expression from lysates of HSC-T6 incubated with control media, DMKG (4 mM), or Lipoic acid (5 mM) in the presence or absence of C646 (10 mM) for 12 h.

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References
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Description

Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 4, LA	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25874330]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
Caco-2	IC₅₀	14.28 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human Caco2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human Caco2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
EA.hy 926	EC₅₀	68 μM Compound: Lipoic acid	Cytoprotective activity against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in human EAhy926 cells pre-incubated for 24 hrs before H2O2 challenge for 12 hrs by MTT assay Cytoprotective activity against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in human EAhy926 cells pre-incubated for 24 hrs before H2O2 challenge for 12 hrs by MTT assay	10.1039/C4MD00022F
ECV-304	EC₅₀	0.068 mM Compound: Lipoic acid	Cytoprotective activity in H2O2-induced human ECV304 cells assessed as proliferation rate incubated for 24 hrs prior to H2O2-challenge measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay Cytoprotective activity in H2O2-induced human ECV304 cells assessed as proliferation rate incubated for 24 hrs prior to H2O2-challenge measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay	10.1039/C3MD20352B
HCT-116	IC₅₀	266 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	890 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against p53 null human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against p53 null human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
HL-60	IC₅₀	16.36 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
HT-29	EC₅₀	250 μM Compound: 1	Induction of apoptosis in human HT-29 cells Induction of apoptosis in human HT-29 cells	[PMID: 20403695]
HT-29	IC₅₀	19.6 μM Compound: 2	Neuroprotective effect was measured by its ability to protect mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cell lines from oxidative stress caused by glutamate Neuroprotective effect was measured by its ability to protect mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cell lines from oxidative stress caused by glutamate	[PMID: 12031315]
HT-29	IC₅₀	266 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
LNCaP	IC₅₀	54.86 μM Compound: Lipoic acid (LA)	Antioxidant activity against formation of ROS was determined in t-BuOOH treated LNCaP cells after 24 hr of incubation with compounds (1-100 uM) Antioxidant activity against formation of ROS was determined in t-BuOOH treated LNCaP cells after 24 hr of incubation with compounds (1-100 uM)	[PMID: 15633998]
MCF7	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
MRC5	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 4, LA	Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25874330]
PBMC	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human PBMC cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human PBMC cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
RKO	IC₅₀	266 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against human RKO cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human RKO cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
SW48	IC₅₀	266 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against human SW48 cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human SW48 cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
T-24	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 4, LA	Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25874330]

In Vitro

Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is the form biosynthesized in humans which is essential for aerobic metabolism. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is the nutritionally and therapeutically preferred form due to its "vitamin-like" role in metabolism. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) and S-(-)-α-Lipoic acid) constitute the racemic mixture Lipoic acid. Only the Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) exists in nature and is an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) has been suggested to be nutritionally and therapeutically preferred form as antioxidant^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

206.33

Formula

C₈H₁₄O₂S₂

CAS No.

1200-22-2

Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

O=C(O)CCCC[C@H]1SSCC1

Structure Classification

Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (484.66 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	4.8466 mL	24.2330 mL	48.4660 mL
5 mM	0.9693 mL	4.8466 mL	9.6932 mL
10 mM	0.4847 mL	2.4233 mL	4.8466 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.12 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.12 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.12 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (48.47 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline
Solubility: 25 mg/mL (121.17 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.87%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (272 KB) SDS (394 KB)

COA (243 KB) HNMR (132 KB) RP-HPLC (247 KB) LCMS (94 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Nasole E, et al. Effects of alpha lipoic acid and its R+ enantiomer supplemented to hyperbaric oxygen therapy on interleukin-6, TNF-α and EGF production in chronic leg wound healing. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2014 Apr;29(2):297-302. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	4.8466 mL	24.2330 mL	48.4660 mL	121.1651 mL
	5 mM	0.9693 mL	4.8466 mL	9.6932 mL	24.2330 mL
	10 mM	0.4847 mL	2.4233 mL	4.8466 mL	12.1165 mL
	15 mM	0.3231 mL	1.6155 mL	3.2311 mL	8.0777 mL
	20 mM	0.2423 mL	1.2117 mL	2.4233 mL	6.0583 mL
	25 mM	0.1939 mL	0.9693 mL	1.9386 mL	4.8466 mL
	30 mM	0.1616 mL	0.8078 mL	1.6155 mL	4.0388 mL
	40 mM	0.1212 mL	0.6058 mL	1.2117 mL	3.0291 mL
	50 mM	0.0969 mL	0.4847 mL	0.9693 mL	2.4233 mL
	60 mM	0.0808 mL	0.4039 mL	0.8078 mL	2.0194 mL
	80 mM	0.0606 mL	0.3029 mL	0.6058 mL	1.5146 mL
	100 mM	0.0485 mL	0.2423 mL	0.4847 mL	1.2117 mL

Lipoic acid Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Lipoic acid1200-22-2(R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acidR-(+)-Thioctic acidMitochondrial MetabolismEndogenous MetaboliteReactive Oxygen Species (ROS)Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Lipoic acid (Synonyms: (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid; R-(+)-Thioctic acid)

Customer Review

Other Forms of Lipoic acid:

Lipoic acid Related Antibodies

9 Publications Citing Use of MCE Lipoic acid

Featured Recommendations

•Related Screening Libraries:

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View All Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Biological Activity

Purity & Documentation

References

Customer Review

Lipoic acid Related Antibodies

Molarity Calculator

Dilution Calculator

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Lipoic acid Related Classifications

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