1. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease NF-κB Immunology/Inflammation
  2. Mitochondrial Metabolism Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species
  3. Lipoic acid

Lipoic acid  (Synonyms: (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid; R-(+)-Thioctic acid)

Cat. No.: HY-18733 Purity: 99.53%
COA Handling Instructions

Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Lipoic acid Chemical Structure

Lipoic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1200-22-2

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 7 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Lipoic acid:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Dec 2;481(1-2):90-96.  [Abstract]

    DMKG inhibits autophagy of HSCs via acetyl-coenzyme A and EP300. Western blot analysis of LC3B, Beclin-1, a-SMA, and collagen-I expression from lysates of HSC-T6 incubated with control media, DMKG (4 mM), or Lipoic acid (5 mM) in the presence or absence of C646 (10 mM) for 12 h.
    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.

    IC50 & Target

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    In Vitro

    Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is the form biosynthesized in humans which is essential for aerobic metabolism. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is the nutritionally and therapeutically preferred form due to its "vitamin-like" role in metabolism. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) and S-(-)-α-Lipoic acid) constitute the racemic mixture Lipoic acid. Only the Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) exists in nature and is an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) has been suggested to be nutritionally and therapeutically preferred form as antioxidant[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    206.33

    Formula

    C8H14O2S2

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Light yellow to yellow

    SMILES

    O=C(O)CCCC[C@H]1SSCC1

    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage

    4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (484.66 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

    *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 4.8466 mL 24.2330 mL 48.4660 mL
    5 mM 0.9693 mL 4.8466 mL 9.6932 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
    ×
    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.12 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.12 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.56%

    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 4.8466 mL 24.2330 mL 48.4660 mL 121.1651 mL
    5 mM 0.9693 mL 4.8466 mL 9.6932 mL 24.2330 mL
    10 mM 0.4847 mL 2.4233 mL 4.8466 mL 12.1165 mL
    15 mM 0.3231 mL 1.6155 mL 3.2311 mL 8.0777 mL
    20 mM 0.2423 mL 1.2117 mL 2.4233 mL 6.0583 mL
    25 mM 0.1939 mL 0.9693 mL 1.9386 mL 4.8466 mL
    30 mM 0.1616 mL 0.8078 mL 1.6155 mL 4.0388 mL
    40 mM 0.1212 mL 0.6058 mL 1.2117 mL 3.0291 mL
    50 mM 0.0969 mL 0.4847 mL 0.9693 mL 2.4233 mL
    60 mM 0.0808 mL 0.4039 mL 0.8078 mL 2.0194 mL
    80 mM 0.0606 mL 0.3029 mL 0.6058 mL 1.5146 mL
    100 mM 0.0485 mL 0.2423 mL 0.4847 mL 1.2117 mL
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    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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