2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Phosphorylase
  4. CP-316819

CP-316819 (GPi 819) is a blood-brain barrier permeable glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor. CP-316819 inhibits hepatic glycogenolysis, safely reduces blood glucose in type 2 diabetes, and rarely induces hypoglycemia. CP-316819 increases brain glycogen reserves, protects neurons, alleviates hypoglycemic brain injury, and inhibits excessive platelet activation, exerting both neuroprotective and vasculoprotective effects. CP-316819 can be used in research related to hypoglycemia, thrombosis, autoimmune inflammatory diseases, and type 2 diabetes.

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CP-316819

CP-316819 Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 186392-43-8

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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CP-316819 Related Antibodies

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Description

CP-316819 (GPi 819) is a blood-brain barrier permeable glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor. CP-316819 inhibits hepatic glycogenolysis, safely reduces blood glucose in type 2 diabetes, and rarely induces hypoglycemia. CP-316819 increases brain glycogen reserves, protects neurons, alleviates hypoglycemic brain injury, and inhibits excessive platelet activation, exerting both neuroprotective and vasculoprotective effects. CP-316819 can be used in research related to hypoglycemia, thrombosis, autoimmune inflammatory diseases, and type 2 diabetes[1][2][3][4].

In Vitro

CP-316819 (50 μM; 0-20 minutes) transiently inhibits the early α-granule exocytosis of thrombin-stimulated control mouse platelets, and exocytosis returns to normal at 20 minutes after stimulation[2].
CP-316819 (0-1 mM; 24 h) increases glycogen content in primary Swiss-Webster mouse forebrain astrocyte cultures in a dose-dependent manner, without preventing glycogen utilization during glucose deprivation[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

CP-316819 Related Antibodies
In Vivo

CP-316819 (2.5-10.0 mg/24 h; intracerebroventricular administration; continuous infusion; 24 h) causes a dose-dependent increase in hypothalamic glycogen content in male Sprague-Dawley rats[1].
CP-316819 (initial dose of 150 mg/kg, followed by 50 mg/kg at 12 h and 16 h after the initial administration; intraperitoneal injection) increases brain glycogen content in rats and prolongs the duration of neuronal activity under hypoglycemic conditions[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley (adult male, 2-3 months of age, insulin-induced hypoglycemia model)[1]
Dosage: 2.5 mg/24 h; 10.0 mg/24 h
Administration: i.c.v.; continuous infusion; 24 hours
Result: Elevated basal glycogen only in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) at 2.5 mg/24 h dose; insulin-induced hypoglycemia reduced VMN and LHA glycogen in this group.
Elevated basal glycogen in the VMN, arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (ARH), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN), and LHA at 10.0 mg/24 h dose; insulin-induced hypoglycemia further increased glycogen in all these regions.
Elevated basal glucose in the VMN, ARH, and LHA, and prevented hypoglycemic glucose reduction in the ARH and DMN at 2.5 mg/24 h dose.
Reduced basal glucose in the LHA and DMN, and prevented hypoglycemic glucose reduction in the ARH, LHA, and DMN at 10.0 mg/24 h dose.
Elevated basal GAD65/67 and phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) levels in VMN GABA neurons at 2.5 mg/24 h dose; hypoglycemia reversed these increases to baseline levels.
Had no effect on basal GAD65/67, Fos, AMPK, or pAMPK levels in VMN GABA neurons, and prevented hypoglycemic increases in these proteins at 10.0 mg/24 h dose.
Reduced basal SF-1, Fos, AMPK, and pAMPK levels in VMN SF-1 neurons at 2.5 mg/24 h dose; hypoglycemia did not alter these reduced levels.
Reduced basal Fos, AMPK, and pAMPK levels (with no change to SF-1) in VMN SF-1 neurons at 10.0 mg/24 h dose; hypoglycemia did not alter these levels.
Prevented hypoglycemic AMPK activation in VMN SF-1 neurons at both doses.
Elevated basal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), Fos, AMPK, and pAMPK levels in VMN nitrergic neurons at 2.5 mg/24 h dose; hypoglycemia increased nNOS further but reduced Fos, AMPK, and pAMPK to baseline.
Elevated basal nNOS and Fos levels (with no change to AMPK or pAMPK) in VMN nitrergic neurons at 10.0 mg/24 h dose; hypoglycemia reduced nNOS, Fos, and pAMPK levels from baseline.
Elevated basal plasma glucagon levels at 2.5 mg/24 h dose; hypoglycemia reduced glucagon to below baseline.
Had no effect on basal glucagon at 10.0 mg/24 h dose; hypoglycemia did not alter glucagon levels.
Did not affect plasma corticosterone levels at either dose.
Molecular Weight

415.87

Formula

C21H22ClN3O4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CON(C)C([C@H](O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(C2=CC3=CC(Cl)=CC=C3N2)=O)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (300.57 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.4046 mL 12.0230 mL 24.0460 mL
5 mM 0.4809 mL 2.4046 mL 4.8092 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.00 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.00 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.4046 mL 12.0230 mL 24.0460 mL 60.1149 mL
5 mM 0.4809 mL 2.4046 mL 4.8092 mL 12.0230 mL
10 mM 0.2405 mL 1.2023 mL 2.4046 mL 6.0115 mL
15 mM 0.1603 mL 0.8015 mL 1.6031 mL 4.0077 mL
20 mM 0.1202 mL 0.6011 mL 1.2023 mL 3.0057 mL
25 mM 0.0962 mL 0.4809 mL 0.9618 mL 2.4046 mL
30 mM 0.0802 mL 0.4008 mL 0.8015 mL 2.0038 mL
40 mM 0.0601 mL 0.3006 mL 0.6011 mL 1.5029 mL
50 mM 0.0481 mL 0.2405 mL 0.4809 mL 1.2023 mL
60 mM 0.0401 mL 0.2004 mL 0.4008 mL 1.0019 mL
80 mM 0.0301 mL 0.1503 mL 0.3006 mL 0.7514 mL
100 mM 0.0240 mL 0.1202 mL 0.2405 mL 0.6011 mL
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CP-316819 Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

CP-316819186392-43-8GPi 819CP316819CP 316819GPi819GPi-819PhosphorylasenNOSglycogen phosphorylaseSF-1hypothalamic neuronsmurine control plateletshuman plateletsmale Sprague-Dawley ratsAMPKmurine GLUT3-KO plateletsSwiss-Webster mouse forebrain astrocyte culturesInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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