Mibefradil
Based on 14 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Mibefradil (Ro 40-5967) is a calcium channel blocker with moderate selectivity for T-type Ca2+ channels displaying IC50s of 2.7 μM and 18.6 μM for T-type and L-type currents, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 116644-53-2
- Formula: C29H38FN3O3
- Molecular Weight:495.63
-
Storage:
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Mibefradil
More- ACS Nano. 2024 Nov 12;18(45):31451-31465. [Abstract]
- Neuron. 2026 Mar 27:S0896-6273(26)00126-1. [Abstract]
- Small. 2024 Aug 10:e2403381. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Jan;178(2):346-362. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2024 Mar 25;22(3):e3002565. [Abstract]
- Front Pharmacol. 2022 Feb 23;13:816133. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Feb 5;892:173782. [Abstract]
- Mediators Inflamm. 2020 Nov 10;2020:3691701. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2021 Sep;236(9):6548-6558. [Abstract]
- Theriogenology. 2021 Jan 1;159:140-146. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Sep 19:785:152676. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020 Feb 19;522(4):862-868. [Abstract]
- Biocell. 2026 Jan 23.
- Res Sq. 2024 Jun 11.
All Calcium Channel Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
|
L-type calcium channel |
T-type calcium channel |
|
Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A2780 | IC50 |
24.23 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 24220170] |
| A2780/Taxol | IC50 |
35.26 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Cytotoxicity against human paclitaxel-resistant A2780T cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human paclitaxel-resistant A2780T cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 24220170] |
| A549 | IC50 |
24.8 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 24529871] |
| A549 | IC50 |
31.4 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 26739776] |
| A549 | IC50 |
24.9 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 32327350] |
| Caco-2 | IC50 |
1.6 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin transepithelial transport (basal to apical) (Digoxin: 5 uM) in Caco-2 cells
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin transepithelial transport (basal to apical) (Digoxin: 5 uM) in Caco-2 cells
|
[PMID: 10901697] |
| Caco-2 | IC50 |
1.2 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin transepithelial transport (basal to apical) (Digoxin: 5 uM) in Caco-2 cells
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin transepithelial transport (basal to apical) (Digoxin: 5 uM) in Caco-2 cells
|
[PMID: 11961113] |
| CHO | IC50 |
3.3 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of human ERG expressed in CHO cells by IONWORKS assay
Inhibition of human ERG expressed in CHO cells by IONWORKS assay
|
[PMID: 23200256] |
| CHO | IC50 |
0.51 μM
Compound: mibefradil
|
Inhibition of Cav1.2 current measured using QPatch automatic path clamp system in CHO cells expressing Cav1.2, beta-2 and alpha-2/delta-1 subunits
Inhibition of Cav1.2 current measured using QPatch automatic path clamp system in CHO cells expressing Cav1.2, beta-2 and alpha-2/delta-1 subunits
|
[PMID: 23812503] |
| COS-7 | IC50 |
1430 nM
Compound: 18 (Mibefradil)
|
K+ channel blocking activity in COS-7 African green monkey kidney derived cells expressing HERG Kv11.1
K+ channel blocking activity in COS-7 African green monkey kidney derived cells expressing HERG Kv11.1
|
[PMID: 12190308] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.84 μM
Compound: Midefradil
|
Concentration of the compounds required for inhibition of HEK293 cells (alpha1G T-type)
Concentration of the compounds required for inhibition of HEK293 cells (alpha1G T-type)
|
[PMID: 15177437] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type [Ca2+] channel (alpha1G) expressed in HEK293 cells
Inhibition of T-type [Ca2+] channel (alpha1G) expressed in HEK293 cells
|
[PMID: 15603940] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Ability to block calcium channel T type 3.1v expressed in HEK293 cells by whole cell patch clamp method
Ability to block calcium channel T type 3.1v expressed in HEK293 cells by whole cell patch clamp method
|
[PMID: 16876404] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type calcium channel Cav3.1 expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing alpha1G subunit by whole-cell patch clamp method
Inhibition of T-type calcium channel Cav3.1 expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing alpha1G subunit by whole-cell patch clamp method
|
[PMID: 17064894] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.84 μM
Compound: mibefradil
|
Inhibition of alpha-1G T-type calcium channel expressed in HEK293 cells by electrophysiological method
Inhibition of alpha-1G T-type calcium channel expressed in HEK293 cells by electrophysiological method
|
[PMID: 17074493] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type calcium channel Cav3.1 expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing alpha1G subunit and Kir2.1 potassium channel by patch-clamp assay
Inhibition of T-type calcium channel Cav3.1 expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing alpha1G subunit and Kir2.1 potassium channel by patch-clamp assay
|
[PMID: 17092715] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on T-type calcium currents by patch clamp method
Inhibition of T type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on T-type calcium currents by patch clamp method
|
[PMID: 17150365] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type calcium channel Cav3.1 alpha-1G subunit expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as calcium current by patch-clamp assay
Inhibition of T-type calcium channel Cav3.1 alpha-1G subunit expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as calcium current by patch-clamp assay
|
[PMID: 17869104] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.13 μM
Compound: 1, Mibefradil
|
Antagonist activity at human alpha1H T-type calcium channel expressed in HEK293 cells by patch clamp technique
Antagonist activity at human alpha1H T-type calcium channel expressed in HEK293 cells by patch clamp technique
|
[PMID: 18160281] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: mibefradil
|
Antagonist activity at T type calcium channel alpha1G expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of peak currents by whole-cell patch-clamp method
Antagonist activity at T type calcium channel alpha1G expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of peak currents by whole-cell patch-clamp method
|
[PMID: 18625556] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type calcium channel alpha1G expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of peak currents by whole-cell patch-clamp method
Inhibition of T-type calcium channel alpha1G expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of peak currents by whole-cell patch-clamp method
|
[PMID: 20382529] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.83 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type CaV3.1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of calcium current by automated patch-clamp assay
Inhibition of T-type CaV3.1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of calcium current by automated patch-clamp assay
|
[PMID: 20621730] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.86 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type CaV3.1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of calcium current by manual patch-clamp assay
Inhibition of T-type CaV3.1 channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of calcium current by manual patch-clamp assay
|
[PMID: 20621730] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type alpha1G channel expressed in HEK293 cells by whole-cell patch-clamp method
Inhibition of T-type alpha1G channel expressed in HEK293 cells by whole-cell patch-clamp method
|
[PMID: 20659804] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.34 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type alpha1G calcium channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as Kcl-induced depolarization
Inhibition of T-type alpha1G calcium channel expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as Kcl-induced depolarization
|
[PMID: 21126876] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.2 μM
Compound: 1
|
Inhibition of human Cav3.1 alpha1G expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of calcium influx by FLIPR assay
Inhibition of human Cav3.1 alpha1G expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of calcium influx by FLIPR assay
|
[PMID: 21875808] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of human T-type calcium channel Cav3.2 expressed in T-Rex293 cells by whole cell patch clamp assay
Inhibition of human T-type calcium channel Cav3.2 expressed in T-Rex293 cells by whole cell patch clamp assay
|
[PMID: 23200256] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.83 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of alpha-1G calcium channel in human HEK293 cells by whole-cell patch-clamp method
Inhibition of alpha-1G calcium channel in human HEK293 cells by whole-cell patch-clamp method
|
[PMID: 23395659] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.56 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of t-type Cav3.1 channel (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of 50 ms depolarizing voltage step-induced current by whole cell patch-clamp method
Inhibition of t-type Cav3.1 channel (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of 50 ms depolarizing voltage step-induced current by whole cell patch-clamp method
|
[PMID: 24220170] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
0.56 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of T-type CaV3.1 channel (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of calcium current by whole cell patch-clamp method
Inhibition of T-type CaV3.1 channel (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of calcium current by whole cell patch-clamp method
|
[PMID: 24529871] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
1.3 μM
Compound: I, Posicor
|
Inhibition of human ERG expressed in HEK cells by patch clamp assay
Inhibition of human ERG expressed in HEK cells by patch clamp assay
|
[PMID: 26231163] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
181 nM
Compound: I, Posicor
|
Inhibition of recombinant Cav3.2 channel (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on calcium flux incubated for 3 mins by FLIPR assay
Inhibition of recombinant Cav3.2 channel (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on calcium flux incubated for 3 mins by FLIPR assay
|
[PMID: 26231163] |
| HEK293 | IC50 |
202 nM
Compound: I, Posicor
|
Inhibition of recombinant Cav1.2 channel (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on calcium flux incubated for 3 mins by FLIPR assay
Inhibition of recombinant Cav1.2 channel (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on calcium flux incubated for 3 mins by FLIPR assay
|
[PMID: 26231163] |
| HeLa | IC50 |
4.32 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of Ebolavirus glycoprotein/matrix protein VP40 entry in human HeLa cells after 4.5 hrs beta-lactamase reporter assay
Inhibition of Ebolavirus glycoprotein/matrix protein VP40 entry in human HeLa cells after 4.5 hrs beta-lactamase reporter assay
|
[PMID: 29624387] |
| Hepatocyte | IC50 |
0.873 nM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium yoelii 265 liver infected in mammalian hepatocytes after 48 hrs
Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium yoelii 265 liver infected in mammalian hepatocytes after 48 hrs
|
[PMID: 18212104] |
| LLC-PK1 | IC50 |
1.8 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, human L-MDR1 expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, human L-MDR1 expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay
|
[PMID: 12699389] |
| LLC-PK1 | IC50 |
1.8 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein-AM efflux in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein-AM efflux in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells
|
[PMID: 12699389] |
| LLC-PK1 | IC50 |
10 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1b expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1b expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay
|
[PMID: 12699389] |
| LLC-PK1 | IC50 |
10 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein-AM efflux in Mdr1b-expressing LLC-PK1 cells
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein-AM efflux in Mdr1b-expressing LLC-PK1 cells
|
[PMID: 12699389] |
| LLC-PK1 | IC50 |
7.4 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1a expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1a expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay
|
[PMID: 12699389] |
| LLC-PK1 | IC50 |
7.4 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein-AM efflux in Mdr1a-expressing LLC-PK1 cells
TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein-AM efflux in Mdr1a-expressing LLC-PK1 cells
|
[PMID: 12699389] |
| MDA-MB-231 | IC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: 8
|
Inhibition of Orai1-mediated store operated Ca2+ entry in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in BAPTA-induced Ca2+ depletion-stimulated SOCE activity preincubated for 15 mins followed by BAPTA addition in presence of extracellular Ca2+ by PBX-ba
Inhibition of Orai1-mediated store operated Ca2+ entry in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in BAPTA-induced Ca2+ depletion-stimulated SOCE activity preincubated for 15 mins followed by BAPTA addition in presence of extracellular Ca2+ by PBX-ba
|
[PMID: 27856238] |
| MDA-MB-231 | IC50 |
52.1 μM
Compound: 8
|
Inhibition of Orai1-mediated store operated Ca2+ entry in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction of SERCA inhibition-induced ER release preincubated for 15 mins followed by CPA addition by PBX-based FLIPR assay
Inhibition of Orai1-mediated store operated Ca2+ entry in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction of SERCA inhibition-induced ER release preincubated for 15 mins followed by CPA addition by PBX-based FLIPR assay
|
[PMID: 27856238] |
| MIA PaCa-2 | IC50 |
18.4 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 24529871] |
| SK-OV-3 | IC50 |
20.54 μM
Compound: Mibefradil
|
Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 24220170] |
Mibefradil inhibits reversibly the T- and L-type currents with IC50 values of 2.7 and 18.6 μM, respectively. The inhibition of the L-type current is voltage-dependent, whereas that of the T-type current is not. Ro 40-5967 blocks T-type current already at a holding potential of -100 mV[1] At a higher concentration (20 μM), Mibefradil reduces the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials (by 37±10 %), slows the rate of repolarisation (by 44±16 %) and causes a significant membrane potential depolarisation (from 83±1 mV to 71±5 mV). At a higher Mibefradil concentration (20 μM) there is significant membrane potential depolarisation and a slowing of repolarisation. These actions of Mibefradil are consistent with K+ channel inhibition, which has been shown to occur in human myoblasts and other cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
-
CAS No. 116644-53-2
-
Appearance Solid
-
Molecular Weight 495.63
-
Formula C29H38FN3O3
-
Color White to off-white
-
SMILES
O=C(O[C@@]1(CCN(CCCC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N2)C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C4=C(C=C(F)C=C4)CC1)COC
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Synonyms
Ro 40-5967
-
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Storage
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (14)
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Journal Impact Factor
-
Most Recent
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ACS Nano
Single-Molecule-Based, Label-Free Monitoring of Molecular Glue Efficacies for Promoting Protein-Protein Interactions Using YaxAB Nanopores. [Abstract]2024 Nov 12;18(45):31451-31465. PMID: 39482865 -
Neuron
Molecular brake on firing pattern transitions in MHbChAT neurons to mediate nicotine-withdrawal-induced anxiety. [Abstract]2026 Mar 27:S0896-6273(26)00126-1. PMID: 41903536 -
Small
2024 Aug 10:e2403381. PMID: 39126240 -
Br J Pharmacol
Small intestinal glucose and sodium absorption through calcium-induced calcium release and store-operated Ca2+ entry mechanisms. [Abstract]2021 Jan;178(2):346-362. PMID: 33080043 -
PLoS Biol
The scale of zebrafish pectoral fin buds is determined by intercellular K+ levels and consequent Ca2+-mediated signaling via retinoic acid regulation of Rcan2 and Kcnk5b. [Abstract]2024 Mar 25;22(3):e3002565. PMID: 38527087 -
Front Pharmacol
Ca2+-Permeable Channels/Ca2+ Signaling in the Regulation of Ileal Na+/Gln Co-Transport in Mice. [Abstract]2022 Feb 23;13:816133. PMID: 35281933 -
Eur J Pharmacol
T-type calcium channels blockers inhibit HSV-2 infection at the late stage of genome replication. [Abstract]2021 Feb 5;892:173782. PMID: 33279521 -
Mediators Inflamm
Mibefradil and Flunarizine, Two T-Type Calcium Channel Inhibitors, Protect Mice against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. [Abstract]2020 Nov 10;2020:3691701. PMID: 33223955 -
J Cell Physiol
Effects of various calcium transporters on mitochondrial Ca2+ changes and oocyte maturation. [Abstract]2021 Sep;236(9):6548-6558. PMID: 33704771 -
Theriogenology
Lysine acetylation participates in boar spermatozoa motility and acrosome status regulation under different glucose conditions. [Abstract]2021 Jan 1;159:140-146. PMID: 33152539 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Glucose transports in the ileum: mechanism, regulation and physiological role of ileal glucose absorption. [Abstract]2025 Sep 19:785:152676. PMID: 41005286 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Combinatorial screening of a panel of FDA-approved drugs identifies several candidates with anti-Ebola activities. [Abstract]2020 Feb 19;522(4):862-868. PMID: 31806372 -
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Protocol
Mice[3]
A total of 30 male C57BL/6J mice (age, 6-8 weeks) are randomized into three groups for the detection of three calcium channel receptor subunits α1G, α1H and α1I, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, a further 30 C57BL/6J male mice (age, 24-26 weeks) are allocated at random into three treatment groups: Saline, Mibefradil and benidipine. Each group is subjected to auditory brainstem recording (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests following treatment. Mibefradil and benidipine are dissolved in physiological saline solution. A preliminary experiment led to the selection of dosages of 30 mg/kg/day Mibefradil and 10 mg/kg/day Benidipine. The drugs are administered to the mice by gavage for four consecutive weeks.
Rats[4]
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) are used for right L5/6 SNL to induce neuropathic pain. Intrathecal infusion of saline or TCC blockers [Mibefradil (0.7 μg/h) or Ethosuximide (60 μg/h)] is started after surgery for 7 days. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry and Western blotting are used to determine the expression pattern and protein level of CaV3.2. Hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining are used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of tested agents.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (275 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Mehrke G, et al. The Ca(++)-channel blocker Ro 40-5967 blocks differently T-type and L-type Ca++ channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Dec;271(3):1483-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Brain KL, et al. The sources and sequestration of Ca(2+) contributing to neuroeffector Ca(2+) transients in the mouse vas deferens. J Physiol. 2003 Dec 1;553(Pt 2):627-35. [Content Brief]
[3]. Yu YF, et al. Protection of the cochlear hair cells in adult C57BL/6J mice by T-type calcium channel blockers. Exp Ther Med. 2016 Mar;11(3):1039-1044. [Content Brief]
[4]. Shiue SJ, et al. Chronic intrathecal infusion of T-type calcium channel blockers attenuates CaV3.2 upregulation in nerve-ligated rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2016 Oct 17. pii: S1875-4597(16)30071-6. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)