2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. PPAR PERK
  4. Perfluorononanoic acid

Perfluorononanoic acid  (Synonyms: PFNA; Heptadecafluorononanoic acid)

Cat. No.: HY-W203683 Purity: 99.9%
COA
SDS
Handling Instructions Technical Support

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is an orally active PPARα activator. Perfluorononanoic acid activates PPARα-mediated gene expression, including upregulating target genes associated with lipid metabolism and triglyceride storage. Perfluorononanoic acid exhibits certain developmental and reproductive toxicity. Perfluorononanoic acid causes hepatomegaly in pregnant mice, induces high postnatal mortality in neonatal mice, and leads to dose-dependent delays in eye-opening time and puberty onset in mouse offspring.

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Perfluorononanoic acid

Perfluorononanoic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 375-95-1

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO In-stock
Solid
500 mg In-stock
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Perfluorononanoic acid Related Antibodies

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Description

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is an orally active PPARα activator. Perfluorononanoic acid activates PPARα-mediated gene expression, including upregulating target genes associated with lipid metabolism and triglyceride storage. Perfluorononanoic acid exhibits certain developmental and reproductive toxicity. Perfluorononanoic acid causes hepatomegaly in pregnant mice, induces high postnatal mortality in neonatal mice, and leads to dose-dependent delays in eye-opening time and puberty onset in mouse offspring[1][2].

IC50 & Target[2]

PPARα

 

In Vitro

Perfluorononanoic acid (6.25-400 µM; 6-72 h) reduces the viability of differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner[1].
Perfluorononanoic acid (25-200 µM; 24 h) increases intracellular triglyceride levels in differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes, with a BMC50 of 92 µM, and does not significantly alter intracellular cholesterol levels after 24 h of exposure[1].
Perfluorononanoic acid (100 µM; 24 h) alters the expression of 1024 genes in differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes, induces pathways associated with tRNA aminoacylation, amino acid transport, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (the PERK/ATF4 signaling pathway), and simultaneously suppresses the cholesterol biosynthesis and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways[1].
Perfluorononanoic acid (12.5-200 µM; 24 h) regulates gene expression in differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, upregulating PPARα target genes and downregulating ADH4 and cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Perfluorononanoic acid Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[1]

Cell Line: differentiated human HepaRG liver cells
Concentration: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 µM
Incubation Time: 6 h, 24 h, 72 h
Result: Reduced viability obviously at 400 µM (6, 24, 72 h), 200 (24, 72 h).

Real Time qPCR[1]

Cell Line: differentiated human HepaRG liver cells
Concentration: 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 µM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Caused concentration-dependent increases in expression of PPARα target genes: ANGPTL4 (100, 200 µM), PDK4 (50, 100, 200 µM), PLIN2 (50, 100, 200 µM), and PLIN4 (100 µM), with no significant effect on CPT1A.
Caused concentration-dependent decreases in expression of ADH4 (25, 50, 100, 200 µM) and cholesterogenic genes LSS (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 µM), FDPS (25, 50, 100, 200 µM), HMGCR (25, 50, 100, 200 µM), EBP (100, 200 µM), IDI1 (100, 200 µM), and ACAT2 (100, 200 µM).
In Vivo

Perfluorononanoic acid (1-10 mg/kg; oral gavage; gestational days 1-17) causes maternal hepatomegaly, complete fetal resorption at high doses, high postnatal mortality and growth retardation in offspring, and activates hepatic PPARα target genes in CD-1 pregnant mice[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: CD-1 mice (female timed-pregnant; male and female offspring)[2]
Dosage: 1 mg/kg; 3 mg/kg; 5 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg
Administration: oral gavage; daily; gestational day 1-17
Result: Led to maternal weight loss and full litter resorption (10 mg/kg dose).
Induced dose‑dependent maternal and fetal hepatomegaly without affecting implantation or fetal viability (doses ≤5 mg/kg).
Caused 80% neonatal death within postnatal day 10 (5 mg/kg).
Activated PPARα, CAR, and PXR target genes in fetal and neonatal livers, and its accumulation persisted in tissues long after exposure, and surviving offspring showed delayed eye opening and puberty onset.
Molecular Weight

464.08

Formula

C9HF17O2
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

C(=O)(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (215.48 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 50 mg/mL (107.74 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.1548 mL 10.7740 mL 21.5480 mL
5 mM 0.4310 mL 2.1548 mL 4.3096 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.9%

SDS (641 KB)

COA (246 KB) HNMR (89 KB) CNMR (152 KB) GC (215 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 2.1548 mL 10.7740 mL 21.5480 mL 53.8700 mL
5 mM 0.4310 mL 2.1548 mL 4.3096 mL 10.7740 mL
10 mM 0.2155 mL 1.0774 mL 2.1548 mL 5.3870 mL
15 mM 0.1437 mL 0.7183 mL 1.4365 mL 3.5913 mL
20 mM 0.1077 mL 0.5387 mL 1.0774 mL 2.6935 mL
25 mM 0.0862 mL 0.4310 mL 0.8619 mL 2.1548 mL
30 mM 0.0718 mL 0.3591 mL 0.7183 mL 1.7957 mL
40 mM 0.0539 mL 0.2694 mL 0.5387 mL 1.3468 mL
50 mM 0.0431 mL 0.2155 mL 0.4310 mL 1.0774 mL
60 mM 0.0359 mL 0.1796 mL 0.3591 mL 0.8978 mL
80 mM 0.0269 mL 0.1347 mL 0.2694 mL 0.6734 mL
100 mM 0.0215 mL 0.1077 mL 0.2155 mL 0.5387 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Perfluorononanoic acid Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Perfluorononanoic acid375-95-1PFNA Heptadecafluorononanoic acidPPARPERKPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsProtein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinasePKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinasemouse pupspregnant miceCD-1 micecholesterol biosynthesismouse offspringPERK/ATF4 signalinghuman HepaRG liver cellsPPARαCOS-1 cellsliver cellsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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