Antiproliferative effects of saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on cultured human tumor cells

Three new triterpenoid saponins, platyconic acid B lactone (1), deapio-platyconic acid B lactone (2), and deapio-platycodin D(2) (3), together with 17 known triterpenoid saponins, were isolated from a root extract of Platycodon grandiflorum. The structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and chemical transformation. Saponins with a platycodigenin or polygalacic acid unit as a sapogenin demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of a small panel of cultured human tumor cells.