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  5. Okadaic acid ammonium salt

Okadaic acid ammonium salt, a marine toxin, is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PP). Okadaic acid ammonium salt has a significantly higher affinity for PP2A (IC50=0.1-0.3 nM), and inhibits PP1 (IC50=15-50 nM), PP3 (IC50=3.7-4 nM), PP4 (IC50=0.1 nM), PP5 (IC50=3.5 nM), but does not inhibit PP2C. Okadaic acid ammonium salt increases of phosphorylation of a number of proteins by inhibiting PP, and acts as a tumor promoter. Okadaic acid ammonium salt induces tau phosphorylation.

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CAS No. : 175522-42-6

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Based on 23 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Okadaic acid ammonium salt:

Okadaic acid ammonium salt Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Okadaic acid ammonium salt purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2025 Jan 2;13(1):3.  [Abstract]

    Western blots of p-PP2Ac, PP2Ac, p-RIPK2, and RIPK2 in mouse chondrocytes transfected with Mysm1with or without Okadaic Acid (10 μM) treatment.

    Okadaic acid ammonium salt purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2025 Jan 2;13(1):3.  [Abstract]

    Immunoprecipitation assay showing RIPK2 ubiquitination after Okadaic Acid(10 μM) treatment.

    Okadaic acid ammonium salt purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomaterials. 2024 Aug 6:312:122749.  [Abstract]

    Okadaic acid (30 nM; 24 h). Flow cytometry analysis of intracellular ROS in PC12 cells after different treatments.

    Okadaic acid ammonium salt purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomaterials. 2024 Aug 6:312:122749.  [Abstract]

    Okadaic acid (30 nM; 24 h). Live/dead fluorescence images of PC12 cells after different treatments.

    Okadaic acid ammonium salt purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomaterials. 2024 Aug 6:312:122749.  [Abstract]

    Okadaic acid (100 μM; 130 nL). Immunofluorescence staining of CD86− and Iba-1 positive cells in the cortex of mice subjected to different treatments.

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    Description

    Okadaic acid ammonium salt, a marine toxin, is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases (PP). Okadaic acid ammonium salt has a significantly higher affinity for PP2A (IC50=0.1-0.3 nM), and inhibits PP1 (IC50=15-50 nM), PP3 (IC50=3.7-4 nM), PP4 (IC50=0.1 nM), PP5 (IC50=3.5 nM), but does not inhibit PP2C. Okadaic acid ammonium salt increases of phosphorylation of a number of proteins by inhibiting PP, and acts as a tumor promoter. Okadaic acid ammonium salt induces tau phosphorylation[1][2].

    IC50 & Target[1]

    PP1

    15-50 nM (IC50)

    PP2A

    0.1-0.3 nM (IC50)

    PP3

    3.7-4 nM (IC50)

    PP4

    0.1 nM (IC50)

    PP5

    3.5 nM (IC50)

    PP2B

    ~4000 nM (IC50)

    PP7

    >1000 nM (IC50)

    In Vitro

    Okadaic acid ammonium salt (0-100 nM; 24 h or 48 h) inhibits the proliferation of AGS, MNK-45, Caco 2 cells[3].
    Okadaic acid (10 nM, 8 hours) ammonium salt increases Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial fission in rat cortical neurons[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Okadaic acid ammonium salt Related Antibodies

    Cell Proliferation Assay[3]

    Cell Line: AGS, MNK-45 and Caco 2 cell lines
    Concentration: 0-100 nM
    Incubation Time: 24 h or 48 h
    Result: Inhibited the proliferation of AGS, MNK-45, Caco 2 cells.
    In Vivo

    Note:
    Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

    Okadaic acid ammonium salt can be used in animal modeling to create Alzheimer's disease and skin tumor models[6][7][8].

    1. Induction of neurotoxicity[6][7]
    Background
    Tau protein hyperphosphorylation is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Okadaic acid can induce a decrease in protein phosphatase (PP-2A) activity, leading to tau protein hyperphosphorylation[6].
    Specific Modeling Methods
    Rat: Wistar • male • 2-month-old
    Administration: 200 ng • icv • single dose
    Note
    (1) Dissolve 200 ng of Okadaic acid in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), which contains: 147 mmol/L NaCl, 2.9 mmol/L KCl, 1.6 mmol/L MgCl2, 1.7 mmol/L CaCl2, and 2.2 mmol/L glucose. The injection volume of aCSF is 10 μL per rat.
    (2) After intracerebroventricular injection of Okadaic acid, administer intraperitoneal gentamicin (5 mg/kg) to prevent sepsis.
    (3) Combined treatment with hypoxia can enhance the neurotoxic effects induced by Okadaic acid. Hypoxia treatment method: After intracerebroventricular injection of Okadaic acid, place the rats in a hypoxic chamber with 10% oxygen for 22 hours/day for 3 consecutive days.
    Modeling Indicators
    Molecular changes: Reduced levels of procaspase 3, decreased AChE activity and expression, increased levels of caspase 3, β-amyloid protein (Aβ42), and phosphorylated tau protein, and accumulation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA).
    Phenotypic observations: Neuronal damage and death in the rat brain, with cell swelling and nuclear chromatin condensation.

    2. Induction of skin tumors[8]
    Background
    Okadaic acid is a skin irritant and toxic polyether compound that acts as a non-TPA-type tumor promoter. Okadaic acid stimulates ornithine decarboxylase in mouse ears and mouse skin, but does not induce adhesion of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells), does not inhibit the specific binding of [3H]TPA to mouse particle components, and does not activate protein kinase C[8].
    Specific Modeling Methods
    Mice: CD-1 • female • 8-week-old
    Administration: 10 μg • topical application • twice a week for 30 weeks
    Note
    (1) Dissolve 10 μg of Okadaic acid in acetone and apply a volume of 0.1 mL per rat.
    (2) The induction of skin tumors can be divided into two stages, with local application of Okadaic acid being the second stage. The first stage involves local application of DMBA dissolved in acetone (100 μg DMBA in 0.1 mL acetone), followed by the second stage one week later. Both Okadaic acid alone and the combination of Okadaic acid and DMBA induce skin tumors, with the combined treatment showing enhanced induction effects.
    Modeling Indicators
    Phenotypic observations: Increased incidence of papillomas and sarcomas on the skin surface.
    Correlated Product(s): DMBA (HY-W011845); Teleocidin

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: Female wild-type C57BL/6 mice (6 to 8 months)[5]
    Dosage: 100 μM
    Administration: Injected unilaterally to the lateral amygdala
    Result: Induced Tau phosphorylation and protein aggregation in anatomically distinct brain regions 24 h post-injection.
    Molecular Weight

    822.03

    Formula

    C44H71NO13
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O[C@H](CC1)[C@@](O[C@@H]1C[C@@](C)(O)C([O-])=O)(C=C2C)O[C@](C2)([H])[C@H](C)/C=C/[C@@H]3O[C@@]4(O[C@]([C@@H](C5=C)O)([H])[C@@](O[C@]5([H])[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]([C@@]6([H])O[C@@]7(CCCCO7)CC[C@H]6C)C)([H])CC4)CC3.[NH4+]
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Purity & Documentation
    References
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    Okadaic acid ammonium salt Related Classifications

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    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Okadaic acid175522-42-6Phosphatasemarine toxinAGSMNK-45Caco 2 cellsphosphorylationtumor promoterDrp1Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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