Cat. No.: HY-B0573B

Propranolol

45 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 45 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Propranolol is a nonselective and BBB-permeable β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist, has high affinity for the β1AR and β2AR with K_i values of 1.8 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively. Propranolol inhibits [³H]-DHA binding to rat brain membrane preparation with an IC₅₀ of 12 nM. Propranolol is used for the study of hypertension, pheochromocytoma, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.91%
CAS No.: 525-66-6
Formula: C₁₆H₂₁NO₂
Molecular Weight:259.34

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months

Propranolol Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 525-66-6

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (45)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Propranolol is a nonselective and BBB-permeable β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist, has high affinity for the β1AR and β2AR with K_i values of 1.8 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively^[1]. Propranolol inhibits [³H]-DHA binding to rat brain membrane preparation with an IC₅₀ of 12 nM^[2]. Propranolol is used for the study of hypertension, pheochromocytoma, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy^[3].

IC₅₀ & Target

β adrenergic receptor

All Adrenergic Receptor Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A-375	IC₅₀	59.5 μM Compound: Propranolol	Antiproliferative activity against human A375 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human A375 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32216987]
CHO	IC₅₀	>300 μM Compound: 14d	Cytotoxicity against CHO cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against CHO cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22196513]
HEK293	IC₅₀	63.2 μM Compound: propranolol	Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by confocal microscopy Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by confocal microscopy	[PMID: 18788725]
HEK293	IC₅₀	2100 nM Compound: Propranolol	Inhibition of sodium current measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with hNaV1.5 cDNA Inhibition of sodium current measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with hNaV1.5 cDNA	[PMID: 21300721]
HEK293	IC₅₀	21 μM Compound: Propranolol	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit	[PMID: 22761000]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.48 nM Compound: Prop	Antagonist activity at ADRB2 endogenously expressed in HEK293 cells transfected with cAMP FRET biosensor assessed as inhibition of cimaterol-induced response pre-incubated for 45 mins under constant violet light conditions by FRET assay Antagonist activity at ADRB2 endogenously expressed in HEK293 cells transfected with cAMP FRET biosensor assessed as inhibition of cimaterol-induced response pre-incubated for 45 mins under constant violet light conditions by FRET assay	[PMID: 32686936]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.55 nM Compound: Prop	Antagonist activity at ADRB2 endogenously expressed in HEK293 cells transfected with cAMP FRET biosensor assessed as inhibition of cimaterol-induced response pre-incubated for 45 mins under dark conditions by FRET assay Antagonist activity at ADRB2 endogenously expressed in HEK293 cells transfected with cAMP FRET biosensor assessed as inhibition of cimaterol-induced response pre-incubated for 45 mins under dark conditions by FRET assay	[PMID: 32686936]
HeLa	IC₅₀	5.5 μM Compound: R-Propanolol	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Taurocholate uptake in NTCP-expressing HeLa cells TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Taurocholate uptake in NTCP-expressing HeLa cells	[PMID: 10565843]
HMEC-1	GI₅₀	149 μM Compound: Propranolol	Antiproliferative activity against human HMEC1 cells by measuring metabolic activity of cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis Antiproliferative activity against human HMEC1 cells by measuring metabolic activity of cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 23462711]
MDA-MB-231	GI₅₀	205 μM Compound: Propranolol	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by measuring metabolic activity of cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by measuring metabolic activity of cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 23462711]
MRC5	GI₅₀	150 μM Compound: Propranolol	Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells by measuring metabolic activity of cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells by measuring metabolic activity of cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 23462711]
Sf21	IC₅₀	>1000 μM Compound: Propranolol	Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake	[PMID: 21965623]
Sf21	IC₅₀	>1000 μM Compound: Propranolol	Inhibition of Sprague-Dawley rat Bsep expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake Inhibition of Sprague-Dawley rat Bsep expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake	[PMID: 21965623]
SK-MEL-28	IC₅₀	75.82 μM Compound: Propranolol	Antiproliferative activity against human SK-MEL-28 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human SK-MEL-28 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32216987]
SK-MEL-5	IC₅₀	62.21 μM Compound: Propranolol	Antiproliferative activity against human SK-MEL-5 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human SK-MEL-5 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32216987]
T98G	IC₅₀	75 μM Compound: Rac-22	Antiproliferation activity against human T98G cells measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay Antiproliferation activity against human T98G cells measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based assay	[PMID: 34115934]
Ventricular myocyte	IC₅₀	18 μM Compound: Propranolol	Inhibition of calcium current (ICaL) measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes Inhibition of calcium current (ICaL) measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes	[PMID: 21300721]
Ventricular myocyte	IC₅₀	18 μM Compound: Propranolol	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes	[PMID: 22761000]

In Vitro

Propranolol (10^-7 M-10^-3 M; 24 and 48 hours) increases the total ERK1/2 levels in a dose-dependent manner, and ERK1/2 activation is observed specifically at 10^-5 M in HemSCs^[4].
Propranolol (10^-9 M-10^-3 M; 24 and 48 hours) significant decreases cell proliferation at 10^-4 M propranolol after 24 hours and 10^-9 M propranolol after 48 hours in HemSCs^[4].
Propranolol (50 μM-200 μM；24 hours) increases Annexin V positivity and caspase-3 activation, rapidly induces HemSC apoptosis^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

HemSC cells
Concentration:

10^-7 M-10^-3 M
Incubation Time:

24 and 48 hours
Result:

Increased the total ERK1/2 levels in a dose-dependent manner.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[4]

Cell Line:

HemSC cells
Concentration:

10^-9 M-10^-3 M
Incubation Time:

24 and 48 hours
Result:

Suppressed HemSC proliferation.

Apoptosis Analysis^[4]

Cell Line:

HemSC cells
Concentration:

50 μM, 100 μM, or 200 μM
Incubation Time:

24 hours
Result:

Induced HemSC cell death occurred via an apoptotic pathway.

In Vivo

Propranolol (orally administration; 40 mg/kg; daily) significantly reduces the vessel diameter relative to the vehicle-treated implants, and increases the number of cells that expressed phosphorylated ERK1/2 within the IH Matrigel implant^[4].

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Propranolol can be used to induce psoriasis models^[5].

1. Induction of psoriasis^[5]

Background

After topical administration of Propranolol, it can induce the activation of FGF10-related signaling pathways in the skin tissue of experimental animals, promote the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, and recruit inflammatory cells such as monocytes to infiltrate the dermis, triggering a skin inflammatory response and ultimately forming psoriasis-like pathological changes.

Specific Modeling Methods

1. Rats: Male guinea pig (4-5 weeks)
Administration: 5% Propranolol emulsion (10 mg/mL) • apply topically to the back of the guinea pig's ear • four times a day for 21 days

Modeling Indicators

Histological Changes: Typical psoriatic lesions are present, including skin edema, telangiectasia, dry scaling, and increased skin thickness. (Baker score > 4).
Cell Changes: Significantly increased number of mononuclear cells infiltrating the dermis.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

A xenograft mouse model of IH (infantile hemangiomas ) with HemSC cells^[4]
Dosage:

40 mg/kg
Administration:

Orally administration; 40 mg/kg; daily
Result:

Improved vessel development in the IH mouse model that correlated with MAPK pathway activation.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 525-66-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 259.34
Formula C₁₆H₂₁NO₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

OC(COC1=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=C1)CNC(C)C
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Other Alkaloids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Publications (45)

All In Vivo Efficacy StudyIFWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

The astrocytic ensemble acts as a multiday trace to stabilize memory. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;648(8092):146-156. PMID: 41094146
Cell

Intermittent fasting triggers interorgan communication to suppress hair follicle regeneration. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 9;188(1):157-174.e22. PMID: 39674178
Cell Metab

Psychological stress-induced microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate disrupts intestinal cell lineage commitment. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 5;36(3):466-483.e7. PMID: 38266651
Cell Res

The axon initial segment-associated microglia regulate neuronal activity and visual perception. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 28. PMID: 41593328
Nat Commun

INSIG1/2 succination mediated by the moonlighting function of ADSL promotes lipogenesis and liver tumorigenesis. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 15;17(1):4002. PMID: 41833955
Nat Commun

Reduced hepatic bradykinin degradation accounts for cold-induced BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning in male mice. [Abstract]

2023 May 2;14(1):2523. PMID: 37130842

Propranolol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2023 May 2;14(1):2523. [Abstract]

Mice received PBS or Propranolol (5 mg/kg) 30 mins before the injection of PBS or 1 mg/kg BK for 15 mins in the absence of food and water at 25 °C. Rectal temperature at different time point.
Bone Res

β-Receptor blocker enhances the anabolic effect of PTH after osteoporotic fracture. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 21;12(1):18. PMID: 38514644

Propranolol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Mar 21;12(1):18. [Abstract]

Representative μCT images of femurs from OVX, OVX + Fx (fracture), and OVX + Fx mice treated with Pro (Propranolol; 0.5 g/L; 4 weeks), PTH or PTH + Pro.

Propranolol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Mar 21;12(1):18. [Abstract]

Representative images of co-localization of Bmal1 (green) and OCN (red) immunofluorescent staining in distal femurs from OVX, OVX + Fx, and OVX + Fx mice treated with Pro (Propranolol; 0.5 g/L; 4 weeks), PTH or PTH + Pro.
Acta Pharm Sin B

Phenylalanine deprivation inhibits multiple myeloma progression by perturbing endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. [Abstract]

2024 Aug;14(8):3493-3512. PMID: 39220878
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Norepinephrine Induces Sertoli Cell Ferroptosis via Receptors Desensitization Causing Stress-Related Male Reproductive Dysfunction. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 6:e04817. PMID: 41051274

Propranolol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct 6:e04817. [Abstract]

Propranolol (2 mg/kg; ip; 21 days). Quantitative of sperm density in the cauda epididymis.

Propranolol purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct 6:e04817. [Abstract]

Propranolol (2 mg/kg; ip; 21 days). Western blot of SOX9 expression across four experimental groups.
Chem Eng J

2025 Oct 17;524:169736.
Redox Biol

Oxidative stress promotes lipid-laden macrophage formation via CYP1B1. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 21:79:103481. PMID: 39721495
J Immunother Cancer

CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 9;12(12):e009910. PMID: 39653553
Phytomedicine

The protective mechanism of Hydroxysafflor yellow A for the treatment of stroke - heart - syndrome via activating the ZBP1-NLRP3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 18:145:157011. PMID: 40602292
Phytomedicine

Cardamonin intervenes in myocardial hypertrophy progression by regulating Usp18. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 19:134:155970. PMID: 39178681
Chemosphere

Mass-balance-model-based evaluation of sewage treatment plant contribution to residual pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. [Abstract]

2019 Jun:225:378-387. PMID: 30884299
Redox Rep

Norepinephrine promotes oxidative stress in vascular adventitial fibroblasts via PKC/NFκB-mediated NOX2 upregulation. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;30(1):2494314. PMID: 40269356
Aging Cell

Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Autophagy-Lysosomal Flux Deficits via β2-AR-Mediated ESCRT-III Subunit CHMP4B in Mice With Human MAPT P301L. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 26:e70184. PMID: 40715737
Sci Signal

Airway relaxation mechanisms and structural basis of osthole for improving lung function in asthma. [Abstract]

2020 Nov 24;13(659):eaax0273. PMID: 33234690
Elife

2024 May 29.
Transl Psychiatry

Stellate ganglion block diminishes consolidation of conditioned fear memory in mice by inhibiting the locus coeruleus to the basolateral amygdala neural circuit. [Abstract]

2025 May 17;15(1):172. PMID: 40382311
Vet Q

Propranolol enhances the oncolytic effect of newcastle disease virus on canine mammary tumor cell by modulating the IFN-I-mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 Dec 31;46(1):2648283. PMID: 41866332
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

In Vivo Antihypertensive and Ex Vivo Vasodilatory Studies of Taxifolin. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 21;18(9):1420. PMID: 41011287
J Mol Med (Berl)

Tyrosine hydroxylase as a therapeutic target: insights from adrenergic nerve and TNBC cell interactions. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 19;104(1):53. PMID: 41857421
Exp Neurol

Role of galectin-3 in cardiac dysfunction induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage. [Abstract]

2023 Jul:365:114418. PMID: 37085003
iScience

A stress-responsive neurovascular axis shapes skin immune accessibility. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 23;29(3):115122. PMID: 41852725
iScience

Region-specific sympatho-adrenergic regulation of specialized vasculature in bone homeostasis and regeneration. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 22;26(9):107455. PMID: 37680481
J Endocrinol

miR-7 mediates the signaling pathway of NE affecting FSH and LH synthesis in pig pituitary. [Abstract]

2020 Mar;244(3):459-471. PMID: 31905166
Bone

Sympathetic overactivity-induced type H endothelial cell senescence contributes to the impairment of vascularized osteogenesis by PKM2-mediated glycolysis in preclinical stages of Alzheimer's mice. [Abstract]

2026 Jun:207:117859. PMID: 41833832
Am J Pathol

Hyperglycemia induces tear reduction and dry eye in diabetic mice through the norepinephrine-α1AR -mitochondrial impairment axis of lacrimal gland. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;193(7):913-926. PMID: 37088455
Food Chem Toxicol

Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on organic cation transporter 1: Implications for food/herb-drug interactions and hepatoprotective effects. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 6:114983. PMID: 39245401
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol

Anatomic and functional evidence for renal autonomic innervation in normotensive and hypertensive rats. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 1;327(5):F885-F898. PMID: 39298550
Psychopharmacology (Berl)

Assessing attention and impulsivity in the variable stimulus duration and variable intertrial interval rodent continuous performance test schedules using noradrenaline receptor antagonists in female C57BL/6JRj mice. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;240(8):1629-1650. PMID: 37329343
Environ Toxicol

Phenylacetyl glutamine (PAGln) enhances cardiomyocyte death after myocardial infarction through β1 adrenergic receptor. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;39(3):1682-1699. PMID: 38041472
J Pharm Biomed Anal

Screening method of mildronate and over 300 doping agents by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 20:195:113870. PMID: 33453569
Curr Issues Mol Biol

Cinnamomum migao H.W. Li Ethanol-Water Extract Suppresses IL-6 Production in Cardiac Fibroblasts: Mechanisms Elucidated via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Assays. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 26;47(10):798. PMID: 41150746
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci

High-throughput screening of LogD by using a sample pooling approach based on the traditional shake flask method. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 1:1227:123804. PMID: 37393793
BMC Pulm Med

Opposing responses of the rat pulmonary artery and vein to phenylephrine and other agents in vitro. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 5;21(1):189. PMID: 34090386
World J Surg Oncol

Dexmedetomidine alleviates the pro-tumor activity of perioperative stress in tumor-bearing mice: an alternative approach of psycho-physiological intervention. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 28;23(1):103. PMID: 40156037
Pharmacol Res Perspect

Effects of membrane transport activity and cell metabolism on the unbound drug concentrations in the skeletal muscle and liver of drugs: A microdialysis study in rats. [Abstract]

2021 Oct;9(5):e00879. PMID: 34628723
Behav Brain Res

Manipulation of vocal communication and anxiety through pharmacologic modulation of norepinephrine in the Pink1-/- rat model of Parkinson disease. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 10:418:113642. PMID: 34755639
Pharmacol Res Perspect

Applicability of free drug hypothesis to drugs with good membrane permeability that are not efflux transporter substrates: A microdialysis study in rats. [Abstract]

2020 Apr;8(2):e00575. PMID: 32266794
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Sympathetic β2-adrenergic receptor blockade overcomes docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer. [Abstract]

2023 May 21:657:69-79. PMID: 36989842
bioRxiv

2026 Jun 23.
bioRxiv

2024 November 03.
Research Square Print

December 21st, 2022.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (385.59 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.8559 mL

19.2797 mL

38.5594 mL

5 mM

0.7712 mL

3.8559 mL

7.7119 mL

10 mM

0.3856 mL

1.9280 mL

3.8559 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.64 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.64 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.64 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (283 KB)
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COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
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MS (2659 KB)
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GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
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Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Galandrin S, et al. Distinct signaling profiles of beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptor ligands toward adenylyl cyclase and mitogen-activated protein kinase reveals the pluridimensionality of efficacy. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;70(5):1575-84. Epub 2006 Aug 1 [Content Brief]

[2]. Briley M, et al. Evidence against beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity of diltiazem, a drug with calcium antagonist properties. Br J Pharmacol. 1980 Aug;69(4):669-73. [Content Brief]

[3]. Al-Majed AA, et al. Propranolol. Profiles Drug Subst Excip Relat Methodol. 2017;42:287-338. [Content Brief]

[4]. Munabi NC, et al. Propranolol Targets Hemangioma Stem Cells via cAMP and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Regulation. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2016 Jan;5(1):45-55. [Content Brief]

[5]. Yao N, et al. Topical application of a new monoclonal antibody against fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF 10) mitigates propranolol-induced psoriasis-like lesions in guinea pigs. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(7):1085-91. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	3.8559 mL	19.2797 mL	38.5594 mL	96.3986 mL
	5 mM	0.7712 mL	3.8559 mL	7.7119 mL	19.2797 mL
	10 mM	0.3856 mL	1.9280 mL	3.8559 mL	9.6399 mL
	15 mM	0.2571 mL	1.2853 mL	2.5706 mL	6.4266 mL
	20 mM	0.1928 mL	0.9640 mL	1.9280 mL	4.8199 mL
	25 mM	0.1542 mL	0.7712 mL	1.5424 mL	3.8559 mL
	30 mM	0.1285 mL	0.6427 mL	1.2853 mL	3.2133 mL
	40 mM	0.0964 mL	0.4820 mL	0.9640 mL	2.4100 mL
	50 mM	0.0771 mL	0.3856 mL	0.7712 mL	1.9280 mL
	60 mM	0.0643 mL	0.3213 mL	0.6427 mL	1.6066 mL
	80 mM	0.0482 mL	0.2410 mL	0.4820 mL	1.2050 mL
	100 mM	0.0386 mL	0.1928 mL	0.3856 mL	0.9640 mL

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Propranolol

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Cat. No.: HY-B0573B