Punicalagin
Based on 17 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Punicalagin is a polyphenol ingredient isolated from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) or the leaves of Terminalia catappa L.. Punicalagin is a reversible and non-competitive 3CLpro inhibitor and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Punicalagin is an anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agent and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Punicalagin has the potential for the research of COVID-19.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.89%
- CAS No.: 65995-63-3
- Formula: C48H28O30
- Molecular Weight:1084.72
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Punicalagin
More- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Sep 3. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Jan 1:136:156330. [Abstract]
- Antioxid Redox Signal. 2021 Sep;35(8):618-641. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Interact. 2026 Jul 25:435:112182. [Abstract]
- Biol Direct. 2026 Apr 28;21(1):102. [Abstract]
- ACS Omega. 2024 Feb 28;9(10):11870-11882. [Abstract]
- J Chromatogr A. 2022 Jan 25:1663:462784. [Abstract]
- Antiviral Res. 2021 Jun:190:105075. [Abstract]
- Mol Divers. 2025 Nov 13. [Abstract]
- Virol J. 2025 Jul 9;22(1):229. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2023 Sep 1;430(1):113717. [Abstract]
- BMC Complement Med Ther. 2024 Feb 16;24(1):93. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2026 May:316:110992. [Abstract]
- BMC Vet Res. 2025 Mar 20;21(1):187. [Abstract]
- Vet Sci. 2024 Sep 19;11(9):440. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2025 May 09.
- bioRxiv. 2025 February 27.
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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RT-PCR
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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WB
Biological Activity
Punicalagin (100 mg/ml) induces apoptosis in HT-29, HCT116 colon cells[1].
Punicalagin slightly inhibits the PLpro activity with an IC50 of over 50 μM. Punicalagin inhibits the plaque formation of SARS-CoV-2 in a dose-dependent manner, with EC50 values of 7.20 μM[4].
Punicalagin binds at an allosteric site in the dimer interface. Punicalagin inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by a mechanism other than preventing S-mediated viral entry[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 65995-63-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 1084.72
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Formula C48H28O30
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C(C1=C(C2=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C2C(O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO4)OC(O)[C@H](OC5=O)[C@H]3OC(C6=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C6C7=C5C=C(O)C(O)=C7O)=O)=O)C(O)=C8O)OC(C(C1=C8O9)=C%10C9=O)=C(O)C(O)=C%10C%11=C(C4=O)C=C(O)C(O)=C%11O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (17)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Acta Pharmacol Sin
Salvianolic acid A from Salvia miltiorrhiza identified as a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor for pathogenic arenaviruses. [Abstract]2025 Sep 3. PMID: 40903541
Punicalagin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Sep 3. [Abstract]
Body weight changes in Female BALB/c mice aged 6–8 weeks after treatment with 20 mg/kg of Salvianolic acid A (SAA), Chebulinic Acid, Tannic acid, or Punicalagin via i.g. upon challenge once daily for 3 days. 300 mg/kg T-705 administered via i.g. was used as a positive control.
Punicalagin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Sep 3. [Abstract]
T-705 and SAA significantly reduced viral copies in the liver in Female BALB/c mice aged 6–8 weeks after treatment with 20 mg/kg of Salvianolic acid A (SAA), Chebulinic Acid, Tannic acid, or Punicalagin via i.g. upon challenge once daily for 3 days. 300 mg/kg T-705 administered via i.g. was used as a positive control.
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Phytomedicine
Punicalagin inhibits excessive autophagy and improves cerebral function in neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain injury by regulating AKT-FOXO4. [Abstract]2025 Jan 1:136:156330. PMID: 39756314
Punicalagin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Jan 1:136:156330. [Abstract]
Punicalagin (PUN)-treated HIE group was administered various doses of PUN (10 and 20 mg/kg) 24 h before hypoxia by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection at 24 h intervals in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The mRNA expression of the inflammatory factors Ccl6, Lgals3, C1qa, TYROBP, and CD74 in the brain tissues 48 h postoperatively, normalized to GAPDH for each sample. PUN can effectively reduce the inflammatory response in brain tissue after HIE, while the AKT signaling pathway inhibitor 3-MA reversed this therapeutic effect.
Punicalagin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Jan 1:136:156330. [Abstract]
Punicalagin (PUN)-treated HIE group was administered various doses of PUN (10 and 20 mg/kg) 24 h before hypoxia by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection at 24 h intervals in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Representative images of HE staining in the cortex post-operatively.
Punicalagin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Jan 1:136:156330. [Abstract]
Punicalagin (PUN)-treated HIE group was administered various doses of PUN (10 and 20 mg/kg) 24 h before hypoxia by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection at 24 h intervals in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Representative Western blot images and quantification of Bcl-2 and Bax expression three days post-operation in the cortex.
Punicalagin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Jan 1:136:156330. [Abstract]
Punicalagin (PUN)-treated HIE group was administered various doses of PUN (10 and 20 mg/kg) 24 h before hypoxia by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection at 24 h intervals in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Representative TUNEL-stained (green) and DAPI-stained (blue) brain sections of the cortex three days post-operatively. Quantitative analysis of the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the cortex.
Punicalagin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Jan 1:136:156330. [Abstract]
Punicalagin (PUN)-treated HIE group was administered various doses of PUN (10 and 20 mg/kg) 24 h before hypoxia by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection at 24 h intervals in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Representative images of immunohistochemical staining of p-AKT and immunofluorescence staining for p62 (red) and LC3 (green) in the cortex of each group at 72 h post-HI.
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Antioxid Redox Signal
Punicalagin Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Promoting Opa1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion via Regulating PTP1B-Stat3 Pathway. [Abstract]2021 Sep;35(8):618-641. PMID: 33906428 -
Chem Biol Interact
Punicalagin alleviates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal mucosal injury via Krüppel-like factor 4. [Abstract]2026 Jul 25:435:112182. PMID: 42219142 -
Biol Direct
Integrative transcriptomic profiling reveals NK cell exhaustion-associated prognostic genes and identifies CSF1 as a key immunoregulatory target in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2026 Apr 28;21(1):102. PMID: 42050573 -
ACS Omega
Identification of New Modulators and Inhibitors of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 for CLN1 Batten Disease and Cancer. [Abstract]2024 Feb 28;9(10):11870-11882. PMID: 38496939 -
J Chromatogr A
Screening and identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Terminalia chebula fruits by immobilized enzyme on cellulose filter paper coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and molecular docking. [Abstract]2022 Jan 25:1663:462784. PMID: 34974370 -
Antiviral Res
Discovery of chebulagic acid and punicalagin as novel allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. [Abstract]2021 Jun:190:105075. PMID: 33872675 -
Mol Divers
Targeting histidine biosynthesis in Acinetobacter baumannii: structure-based discovery of natural inhibitors of ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase. [Abstract]2025 Nov 13. PMID: 41231374 -
Virol J
Mechanism research of Punicalagin in treating representative strains of enterovirus A and B types based on systems pharmacology and experimental validation. [Abstract]2025 Jul 9;22(1):229. PMID: 40634970 -
Exp Cell Res
Punicalagin attenuates TNF-α-induced oxidative damage and promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Sep 1;430(1):113717. PMID: 37429372 -
BMC Complement Med Ther
Punicalagin, a pomegranate polyphenol sensitizes the activity of antibiotics against three MDR pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae. [Abstract]2024 Feb 16;24(1):93. PMID: 38365729 -
Vet Microbiol
The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607 -
BMC Vet Res
The impact of enriching heat-stressed rabbit diets with flaxseed oil with/ without allicin, lycopene, or Punicalagin on antioxidative status, physiological response and meat omega-3. [Abstract]2025 Mar 20;21(1):187. PMID: 40114098 -
Vet Sci
Punicalagin Inhibits African Swine Fever Virus Replication by Targeting Early Viral Stages and Modulating Inflammatory Pathways. [Abstract]2024 Sep 19;11(9):440. PMID: 39330819 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (92.19 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (46.09 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (2.00 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (21.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (2.00 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.17 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (21.7 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (286 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Seeram NP, et al. In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagicacid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with otherpolyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Jun;16(6):360-7. [Content Brief]
[2]. Lin CC, et al. Effects of punicalagin and punicalin on carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. Am J Chin Med. 1999;27(3-4):371-6. [Content Brief]
[3]. Liu C, et al. Identification of hydrolyzable tannins (punicalagin, punicalin and geraniin) as novel inhibitors of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA. Antiviral Res. 2016 Oct;134:97-107. [Content Brief]
[4]. RuikunDu, et al. Discovery of Chebulagic Acid and Punicalagin as Novel Allosteric Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Antivir Res. 2021, 105075. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 0.9219 mL | 4.6095 mL | 9.2190 mL | 23.0474 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.1844 mL | 0.9219 mL | 1.8438 mL | 4.6095 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0922 mL | 0.4609 mL | 0.9219 mL | 2.3047 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0615 mL | 0.3073 mL | 0.6146 mL | 1.5365 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0461 mL | 0.2305 mL | 0.4609 mL | 1.1524 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0369 mL | 0.1844 mL | 0.3688 mL | 0.9219 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0307 mL | 0.1536 mL | 0.3073 mL | 0.7682 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0230 mL | 0.1152 mL | 0.2305 mL | 0.5762 mL | |
| H2O | 50 mM | 0.0184 mL | 0.0922 mL | 0.1844 mL | 0.4609 mL |
| 60 mM | 0.0154 mL | 0.0768 mL | 0.1536 mL | 0.3841 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0115 mL | 0.0576 mL | 0.1152 mL | 0.2881 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.