2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease NF-κB Immunology/Inflammation Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Autophagy Apoptosis
  3. Drug Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) DNA/RNA Synthesis Autophagy Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Urolithin A

Urolithin A, a gut-microbial metabolite of ellagic acid, exerts anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidant properties. Urolithin A induces autophagy and apoptosis, suppresses cell cycle progression, and inhibits DNA synthesis.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 1143-70-0

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Based on 46 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Urolithin A:

Urolithin A Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

46 Publications Citing Use of MCE Urolithin A

IF
WB
In Vivo Efficacy Study
In Vivo Imaging

    Urolithin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Feb 28;22(1):55.  [Abstract]

    UA (10 μM; 2 h) pretreatment ameliorated Mn-induced microglial mitophagy suppression.

    Urolithin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Feb 28;22(1):55.  [Abstract]

    Flow cytometry shows reduced ROS levels in the striatum after UA (2.3 mg/kg; ip; 3 days) pretreatment compared with Mn-treated.

    Urolithin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Mar 19;20(1):149.  [Abstract]

    Urolithin A (100 μM; 12 h). Representative fluorescence images of EA.hy926 cell line stable expressing GFP-LC3 and Mito-DsRed.

    Urolithin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Mar 19;20(1):149.  [Abstract]

    UA (100 μM; 24 h). The protein levels of TOM20, VDAC1, ATP5B and TIM23 in CuONPs-treated EA.hy926 cells were analyzed and quantified by Western blotting.

    Urolithin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Mar 19;20(1):149.  [Abstract]

    Representative TEM images of mice abdominal aorta dissected from CuONPs-treated mice. Mice were treated with UA (30 mg/kg; 10 days) by intragastric gavage and then intratracheally instilled with CuONPs (5 mg/kg) at day 7.

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    Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Urolithin A, a gut-microbial metabolite of ellagic acid, exerts anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antioxidant properties. Urolithin A induces autophagy and apoptosis, suppresses cell cycle progression, and inhibits DNA synthesis[1][2].

    IC50 & Target

    Microbial Metabolite

     

    In Vitro

    Micromolar urolithin A concentrations induces both autophagy and apoptosis. Urolithin A suppresses cell cycle progression and inhibited DNA synthesis in human sw620 colorectal cancer cells[2].
    Urolithin A shows antiproliferative effects and inhibits T24 and Caco-2 cell growth with IC50s of 43.9 and 49 μM, respectively[3].
    Urolithin A exerts a dose- and time-dependent significant arrest at G2/M and S phases after treatments with 50 and 100 μM at 24 and 48 h compared to control cells. It induces cell apoptosis with 50 and 100 μM [4].
    Urolithin A shows potent antiproliferative activity on HepG2 cells. When cell death is induced by Urolithin A, the expression of β-catenin, c-Myc and Cyclin D1 are decreased and TCF/LEF transcriptional activation is notably down-regulated. Urolithin A also increases protein expression of p53, p38-MAPK and caspase-3, but suppresses expression of NF-κB p65 and other inflammatory mediators[5].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Urolithin A Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    The volume of paw edema is reduced at 1 h after oral administration of urolithin A. In addition, plasma in treated mice exhibited significant oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) scores with high plasma levels of the unconjugated form at 1 h after oral administration of urolithin A[6].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    228.20

    Formula

    C13H8O4
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Light yellow to brown

    SMILES

    O=C1C2=CC(O)=CC=C2C3=CC=C(O)C=C3O1
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source

    gut bacteria
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 1 year
    -20°C 6 months
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 50 mg/mL (219.11 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 4.3821 mL 21.9106 mL 43.8212 mL
    5 mM 0.8764 mL 4.3821 mL 8.7642 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
    ×
    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.96 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (10.96 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

      This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  50% PEG300    50% Saline

      Solubility: 5 mg/mL (21.91 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  15% Cremophor EL    85% Saline

      Solubility: 7.35 mg/mL (32.21 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.71%

    SDS (396 KB)

    COA (249 KB) HNMR (251 KB) RP-HPLC (255 KB) MS (68 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Cell Assay
    [2]

    Human colon cancer cells HT-29 are treated for 24 and 48 h at 100 and 50 μM of Urolithin A and Iso Urolithin A aglycones and their glucuronide conjugates. Cell viability and proliferation are measured using a TC10 automated cell counter with the addition of Trypan blue for viability determination. IC50 values are determined by MTT assay[2].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Animal Administration
    [4]

    Mice: Paw edema is induced in the right hind paw of ICR mice by the subcutaneous injection of 1% λ-carrageenan in pysiological saline (50 μL). The inflammation level is quantified by the volume of paw edema. Urolithin A dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose suspension is orally administered to the mice at 1 or 6 h before carrageenan injection. The anti-inflammatory effects of urolithin A on carrageenan-induced edema in mice are analyzed[4].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 4.3821 mL 21.9106 mL 43.8212 mL 109.5530 mL
    5 mM 0.8764 mL 4.3821 mL 8.7642 mL 21.9106 mL
    10 mM 0.4382 mL 2.1911 mL 4.3821 mL 10.9553 mL
    15 mM 0.2921 mL 1.4607 mL 2.9214 mL 7.3035 mL
    20 mM 0.2191 mL 1.0955 mL 2.1911 mL 5.4777 mL
    25 mM 0.1753 mL 0.8764 mL 1.7528 mL 4.3821 mL
    30 mM 0.1461 mL 0.7304 mL 1.4607 mL 3.6518 mL
    40 mM 0.1096 mL 0.5478 mL 1.0955 mL 2.7388 mL
    50 mM 0.0876 mL 0.4382 mL 0.8764 mL 2.1911 mL
    60 mM 0.0730 mL 0.3652 mL 0.7304 mL 1.8259 mL
    80 mM 0.0548 mL 0.2739 mL 0.5478 mL 1.3694 mL
    100 mM 0.0438 mL 0.2191 mL 0.4382 mL 1.0955 mL
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    Urolithin A Related Classifications

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    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Urolithin A1143-70-0Drug MetaboliteReactive Oxygen Species (ROS)DNA/RNA SynthesisAutophagyApoptosisEndogenous MetaboliteInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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