K-Ras Inhibitor

Daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) is an orally active, non-covalent RAS (ON) inhibitor. Daraxonrasib disrupts the interaction of wild-type or mutant RAS proteins with the RAS binding domain of BRAF, with EC₅₀ values ranging from 28-220 nM for wild-type KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, and multiple oncogenic RAS variants. Daraxonrasib inhibits pERK. Daraxonrasib has anti-tumor activity against KRAS mutant tumors.

MRTX1133 is a noncovalent, potent, and selective alkyne-based KRAS G12D inhibitor. MRTX1133 optimally fills the switch II pocket and extends three substituents to favorably interact with the protein, resulting in an estimated K_D against KRAS G12D of 0.2 pM. MRTX1133 prevents SOS1-catalyzed nucleotide exchange and/or formation of the KRAS G12D/GTP/RAF1 complex, thereby inhibiting mutant KRAS-dependent signal transduction. MRTX1133 selectively inhibits KRAS G12D mutant, but not KRAS wild-type, tumor cells. MRTX1133 has single digit nanomolar activity in cellular assays and marked in vivo efficacy in tumor models harboring KRAS G12D mutations.

Sotorasib (AMG-510) is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable, and selective KRAS G12C covalent inhibitor. Sotorasib irreversibly inhibits KRAS G12C by locking it in an inactive GDP-bound state. Sotorasib leads to the regression of KRAS G12C‑mutated locally advanced or metastatic non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Adagrasib (MRTX849) is a potent, orally-available, and mutation-selective covalent inhibitor of KRAS G12C with potential antineoplastic activity. Adagrasib covalently binds to KRAS G12C at the cysteine at residue 12, locks the protein in its inactive GDP-bound conformation, and inhibits KRAS-dependent signal transduction.

Zoldonrasib (RMC-9805) is a potent and orally active KRAS G12D inhibitor.Zoldonrasib induces apoptosis in KRAS G12D mutant cancer cells. Zoldonrasib has the potential for the research of KRAS G12D mutant cancer.

BBO-11818 is an orally active, highly selective (relative to NRAS and HRAS), non-covalent pan-KRAS inhibitor (IC₅₀=28-120 nM). BBO-11818 specifically binds to the Switch-II/Helix 3 pocket, disrupts the KRAS:RAF1 interaction by inducing conformational changes, and blocks the MAPK signaling pathway. BBO-11818 exhibits significant anti-tumor activity, which not only inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, but also drives tumor regression in xenograft models. BBO-11818 produces synergistic effects when combined with Cetuximab (HY-P9905), anti-PD-1 antibody or PI3Kα inhibitor. BBO-11818 is used in the research of KRAS mutation-related malignancies such as pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer.

(1R)-KRAS inhibitor-24 (compound 115c) is a pyridopyrimidine KRAS inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of < 100 nM for KRas G12V, KRas WT and KRas G12R.

RM-046 is an orally active, selective ternary complex inhibitor of KRAS^Q61H (active form). RM-046 forms a ternary complex with cyclophilin A, binds to active KRAS^Q61H in a non-covalent manner, blocks effector binding via steric hindrance and inhibits downstream signal transduction. RM-046 inhibits ERK phosphorylation and cancer cell proliferation, and induces sustained RAS pathway signal inhibition, anti-tumor activity and tumor regression in preclinical xenograft models. RM-046 can be used for the research of KRAS^Q61H mutant cancers.

RMC-7977 is an orally active triple-complex RAS inhibitor that can simultaneously bind to cyclophilin A (CYPA) (K_d = 195 nM) and KRAS (G12V) (K_d = 292 μM). It exhibits broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS proteins and their various wild-type and mutant variants. RMC-7977 induces apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK, CRAF, and RSK, as well as increasing PARP cleavage. This leads to tumor regression, reduces resistance in KRAS^G12C cancer models, and demonstrates good tolerability across various RAS cancer models.

Elironrasib is an orally active and covalent inhibitor of KRAS^G12C(ON). Elironrasib forms a tri-complex within tumor cells between KRAS^G12C(ON) and cyclophilin A (CypA). Thus, Elironrasib prevents KRAS^G12C(ON) from signaling via steric blockade of RAS effector binding. Elironrasib inhibits ERK signaling and induced apoptosis in KRASG12C-mutant H358 cells. Elironrasib also inhibits the proliferation of KRAS^G12C mutant cells with a median IC₅₀ of 0.11 nM.

Divarasib (GDC-6036) is an orally active, selective KRAS^G12C inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of <0.01 μM. Divarasib covalently binds Cys12 in GDP-bound KRAS^G12C, occupies the switch II pocket, blocks GTP binding and SOS-mediated reactivation, and inhibits oncogenic KRAS signaling. Divarasib induces tumor shrinkage and robust tumor growth inhibition in KRAS^G12C-positive models and cancer cells. Divarasib can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and other KRAS^G12C-mutated solid tumors.

BI-3406 (compound I-6) is an orally active, highly potent and selective inhibitor of the interaction between KRAS and Son of Sevenless 1 (SOS1) with an IC₅₀ of 6 nM. BI-3406 potently reduces the formation of GTP-loaded KRAS, and inhibits MAPK pathway signaling. BI-3406 has anticancer activity.

AMG410 is a non-covalent and selective pan-KRAS inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 1-4 nM for KRAS G12D, KRAS G12V, and KRAS G13D. AMG410 shows greater than 100-fold selectivity against both HRAS and NRAS. AMG410 is a dual GTP(on)- and GDP(off)-state inhibitor (K_d(GDP-state) of 1 nM; K_d(GTP-state) of 22 nM). AMG410 blocks KRAS signaling in a cycling state-independent manner and also blocks proliferation in wildtype KRAS-amplified tumor cells. AMG410 can be used for the study of colorectal, pancreatic, and lung cancers.

Setidegrasib (ASP-3082) is a PROTAC KRAS degrader (DC₅₀: 37 nM). Setidegrasib induces the degradation of G12D-mutation KRAS protein. Setidegrasib suppresses p-ERK, p-AKT, p-S6 levels in AsPC-1 cells. Setidegrasib exhibits anti-tumor activity in various cancer xenograft models in mice. Setidegrasib can be used in studies involving KRAS(G12D)-mutated solid tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer.

RMC-5127 is a small molecule inhibitor that binds to GTP-targeted KRAS^G12V, with oral bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability. RMC-5127 inhibits the activities of the RAS and MAPK pathways, suppresses the proliferation of KRAS^G12V-mutant cancer cells and induces their apoptosis. RMC-5127 can be used for the research of KRAS^G12V-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer and intracranial KRAS^G12V tumors.

HRS-4642 is a high affinity, selective, long-acting, and non-covalent KRAS^G12D inhibitor with a K_d value of 0.083 nM. HRS-4642 inhibits the binding of KRAS^G12D to SOS1 or RAF1, thereby blocking the downstream MEK-ERK signaling pathway. HRS-4642 promotes Apoptosis. HRS-4642 alone or combined with Carfilzomib (HY-10455) effectively shapes the tumor microenvironment. HRS-4642 has an anti-cancer effect on pancreatic and colorectal cancers carrying the KRAS^G12D mutation.

DCC-3116 is an orally active ULK1/2 inhibitor. DCC-3116 can inhibit autophagy in lung cancer cells by inhibiting KRAS^G12C signaling, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of lung cancer cells and exerting anti-cancer effects.

BI-2852 is a KRAS inhibitor for the switch I/II pocket (SI/II-pocket) by structure-based agent design with nanomolar affinity. BI-2852 is mechanistically distinct from covalent KRASG12C inhibitor (binds to switch II pocket) and binds ten-fold more strongly to active KRASG12D versus KRASwt (740 nM vs 7.5 μM). BI-2852 blocks GEF, GAP, and effector interactions with KRAS, leading to inhibition of downstream signaling and an antiproliferative effect in KRAS mutant cells.

BBO-8520 is a direct small molecule covalent inhibitor targeting KRAS ^G12C with high oral availability. BBO-8520 has the characteristics of KRAS ^G12C (OFF) inhibitor and the function of blocking KRAS^G12C (ON) signal. BBO-8520 inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting KRAS ^G12C (ON) by binding GTP protein. BBO-8520 can block RAS-RAF1 interaction and return KRAS ^G12C to the inactive (OFF) state. BBO-8520 can be used for the research of cancer.

BI-2493 is a structural analogue of BI-2865 and a highly selective and orally active pan-KRAS inhibitor. BI-2493 can attenuate tumor growth. BI-2493 can be used for cancer iseases research.