Cat. No.: HY-17392

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Zalcitabine

(Synonyms: 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine; ddC; Dideoxycytidine)

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Based on 17 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Zalcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.81%
CAS No.: 7481-89-2
Formula: C₉H₁₃N₃O₃
Molecular Weight:211.22

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Zalcitabine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 7481-89-2

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Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (17)
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Biological Activity

Description

Zalcitabine is a potent nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection.

IC₅₀ & Target

Target: HIV

All HIV Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
ATH-8 cell line	ED₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: ddCyd	Protection of ATH8 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV. Protection of ATH8 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV.	[PMID: 3497272]
C8166	IC₅₀	0.125 μM Compound: 2	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 (RF strain) in C8166 cells Antiviral activity against HIV-1 (RF strain) in C8166 cells	[PMID: 2165161]
CCRF-CEM	EC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: 2a	Effect on HIV-induced cytopathogenesis in CEM cells. Effect on HIV-induced cytopathogenesis in CEM cells.	[PMID: 1351945]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	120 μM Compound: 2a	Effect on HIV-induced cytopathogenesis in CEM cells. Effect on HIV-induced cytopathogenesis in CEM cells.	[PMID: 1351945]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	0.05 μg/mL Compound: DDC	Compound was tested for its inhibitory activity against HIV replication in CEM cells. Compound was tested for its inhibitory activity against HIV replication in CEM cells.	[PMID: 1738145]
CCRF-CEM	CC₅₀	178.8 μM Compound: 3, ddC	Cytotoxicity against human CEM/0 cells Cytotoxicity against human CEM/0 cells	[PMID: 24411122]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	1.9 μM Compound: 3, ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in thymidine kinase-deficient human CEM cells Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in thymidine kinase-deficient human CEM cells	[PMID: 24411122]
CCRF-CEM	EC₅₀	0.189 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I RFII strain in CEM cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I RFII strain in CEM cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	47.34 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I RFII strain in CEM cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I RFII strain in CEM cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	0.07 μM Compound: ddc	Inhibitory concentration against mitochondrial DNA synthesis CEM cells Inhibitory concentration against mitochondrial DNA synthesis CEM cells	[PMID: 9438017]
CCRF-CEM	IC₅₀	10 μM Compound: ddc	Cytotoxicity on CEM cells Cytotoxicity on CEM cells	[PMID: 9438017]
CCRF-CEM	ED₅₀	1.0 x 10^-8 M Compound: ddc	The compound was evaluated for the activity on HIV infected CEM cells. The compound was evaluated for the activity on HIV infected CEM cells.	10.1016/S0960-894X(01)81206-3
CEM-SS	CC₅₀	34 μM Compound: 2, ddC	Cytotoxic conc. which reduces the cell viability of HIV-1 LAI infected T4 lymphoblastoid CEM-SS cells by 50% Cytotoxic conc. which reduces the cell viability of HIV-1 LAI infected T4 lymphoblastoid CEM-SS cells by 50%	[PMID: 10821705]
CEM-SS	EC₅₀	>33 μM Compound: 2, ddC	Effective concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of HIV-1 181C (nevirapine-resistant HIV-1) multiplication in CEM-SS cells. Effective concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of HIV-1 181C (nevirapine-resistant HIV-1) multiplication in CEM-SS cells.	[PMID: 10821705]
CEM-SS	EC₅₀	0.031 μM Compound: 2, ddC	Effective concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of HIV-1 LAI replication in human T4 lymphoblastoid CEM-SS cells. Effective concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of HIV-1 LAI replication in human T4 lymphoblastoid CEM-SS cells.	[PMID: 10821705]
CEM-SS	IC₅₀	61 μM Compound: dideoxycytidine	Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells assessed as cell growth inhibition Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells assessed as cell growth inhibition	[PMID: 25587934]
CEM-SS	CC₅₀	16 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 33711763]
CEM-SS	CC₅₀	46 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of AZT by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of AZT by MTT assay	[PMID: 33711763]
CEM-SS	CC₅₀	46 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of ddA by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human CEM-SS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of ddA by MTT assay	[PMID: 33711763]
CEM-SS	CC₅₀	>10 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxic concentration required to reduce the viability of mock infected CEM-SS cells by 50%. Cytotoxic concentration required to reduce the viability of mock infected CEM-SS cells by 50%.	[PMID: 9240351]
CEM-SS	EC₅₀	0.19 μM Compound: DDC	Concentration required to achieve 50% protection of CEM-SS cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV-1. Concentration required to achieve 50% protection of CEM-SS cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV-1.	[PMID: 9240351]
CEM-SS	EC₅₀	0.02 μM Compound: 2',3'-dideoxy cytidine, ddC	Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain IIIB in CEM-SS cells Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain IIIB in CEM-SS cells	[PMID: 9873509]
CEM-SS	EC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: 2',3'-dideoxy cytidine, ddC	Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain RF in CEM-SS cells Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain RF in CEM-SS cells	[PMID: 9873509]
CEM-SS	EC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: 2',3'-dideoxy cytidine, ddC	Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain SK1 in CEM-SS cells Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain SK1 in CEM-SS cells	[PMID: 9873509]
CEM-SS	EC₅₀	0.19 μM Compound: 2',3'-dideoxy cytidine, ddC	Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against SIV delta in CEM-SS cells Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against SIV delta in CEM-SS cells	[PMID: 9873509]
CEM-SS	IC₅₀	>5 μM Compound: 2',3'-dideoxy cytidine, ddC	Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain RF in CEM-SS cells Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain RF in CEM-SS cells	[PMID: 9873509]
CEM-SS	IC₅₀	>5 μM Compound: 2',3'-dideoxy cytidine, ddC	Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain SK1 in CEM-SS cells Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against HIV-1 strain SK1 in CEM-SS cells	[PMID: 9873509]
CEM-SS	IC₅₀	>5 μM Compound: 2',3'-dideoxy cytidine, ddC	Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against SIV delta in CEM-SS cells Compound was evaluated for the antiviral activity against SIV delta in CEM-SS cells	[PMID: 9873509]
CEM-TK(-)	CC₅₀	7 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human CEM-TK(-) cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human CEM-TK(-) cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 33711763]
CEM-TK(-)	CC₅₀	8.3 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human CEM-TK(-) cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of AZT by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human CEM-TK(-) cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of AZT by MTT assay	[PMID: 33711763]
H9	EC₅₀	0.001 μM Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by formazan-based conventional colorimetric technique Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by formazan-based conventional colorimetric technique	[PMID: 11430019]
H9	EC₅₀	0.001 μM Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 RF in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by formazan-based conventional colorimetric technique Antiviral activity against HIV1 RF in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by formazan-based conventional colorimetric technique	[PMID: 11430019]
H9	EC₅₀	0.079 μM Compound: dideoxycytidine	Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human H9 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect by tetrazolium reduction based colorimetric technique Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human H9 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect by tetrazolium reduction based colorimetric technique	[PMID: 25587934]
H9	EC₅₀	0.03 μM Compound: ddC	Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in H9 lymphocytic cells. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in H9 lymphocytic cells.	10.1016/0960-894X(96)00096-0
H9	IC₅₀	500 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against H9 lymphocytic cells. Cytotoxicity against H9 lymphocytic cells.	10.1016/0960-894X(96)00096-0
HEL	EC₅₀	7.2 μM Compound: Zalcitabine	Antiviral activity against Human adenovirus 2 infected in HEL cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity Antiviral activity against Human adenovirus 2 infected in HEL cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity	[PMID: 27742238]
HeLa	IC₅₀	1.4 μM Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human HeLa P4/R5 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human HeLa P4/R5 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication	[PMID: 19596885]
HeLa	IC₅₀	38 μM Compound: Beta-D-dd (table 3)	In vitro antiviral activity against HIV in HeLa CD4 cells In vitro antiviral activity against HIV in HeLa CD4 cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00472-6
HepG2	IC₅₀	>37 μM Compound: Dideoxycytidine	Concentration required to inhibit 50% of host cell replication in human hepatoma (2.2.15) cells used against HBV studies Concentration required to inhibit 50% of host cell replication in human hepatoma (2.2.15) cells used against HBV studies	[PMID: 10999490]
HepG2	CC₅₀	<10 μM Compound: ddC	Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as effect on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 DNA level incubated for 14 days by real-time PCR method Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as effect on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 DNA level incubated for 14 days by real-time PCR method	[PMID: 25849312]
HepG2	CC₅₀	<10 μM Compound: ddC	Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as effect on nuclear beta-actin DNA level incubated for 14 days by real-time PCR method Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as effect on nuclear beta-actin DNA level incubated for 14 days by real-time PCR method	[PMID: 25849312]
HepG2	IC₅₀	<10 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of nuclear DNA levels measured on day 14 by RT-PCR method Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of nuclear DNA levels measured on day 14 by RT-PCR method	[PMID: 28595015]
HepG2	IC₅₀	<10 μM Compound: ddC	Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 DNA levels measured on day 14 by RT-PCR method Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 DNA levels measured on day 14 by RT-PCR method	[PMID: 28595015]
HepG2	IC₅₀	<10 μM Compound: ddC	Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 DNA level followed by medium plus drugs replenishment every 3 to 4 days for 14 days relative to control Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 DNA level followed by medium plus drugs replenishment every 3 to 4 days for 14 days relative to control	[PMID: 30653317]
HepG2	IC₅₀	<10 μM Compound: ddC	Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of nuclear ribosomal-DNA level followed by medium plus drugs replenishment every 3 to 4 days for 14 days relative to control Mitochondrial toxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of nuclear ribosomal-DNA level followed by medium plus drugs replenishment every 3 to 4 days for 14 days relative to control	[PMID: 30653317]
HepG2	IC₅₀	2.1 μg/mL Compound: ddC	Ability to inhibit the episomal HBV-DNA in 2.2.15 cells. Ability to inhibit the episomal HBV-DNA in 2.2.15 cells.	[PMID: 7562929]
HepG2	IC₅₀	1.4 μM Compound: ddc	Inhibitory concentration against hepatitis B virus infected 2.2.15 cells Inhibitory concentration against hepatitis B virus infected 2.2.15 cells	[PMID: 9438017]
HepG2	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: Beta-D-dd (table 3)	In vitro antiviral activity against HBV in Hep G2 cells In vitro antiviral activity against HBV in Hep G2 cells	10.1016/0960-894X(95)00472-6
HepG2	EC₅₀	1.5 μM Compound: ddc	Compound concentration required to inhibit 50% of extracellular replicating HBV (Hepatitis B virus) virion in human hepatoma cell line 2.2.15 Compound concentration required to inhibit 50% of extracellular replicating HBV (Hepatitis B virus) virion in human hepatoma cell line 2.2.15	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)00001-2
HepG2	EC₅₀	3.2 μM Compound: ddc	Compound concentration required to inhibit 50% of intracellular replicating HBV (Hepatitis B virus) RI in human hepatoma cell line 2.2.15 Compound concentration required to inhibit 50% of intracellular replicating HBV (Hepatitis B virus) RI in human hepatoma cell line 2.2.15	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)00001-2
HepG2	EC₅₀	1.4 μM Compound: 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (ddC)	Effective concentration necessary to decrease extracellular Hepatitis B virus DNA levels by 50% in human hepatoblastoma cell line (2.2.15 cells) in vitro Effective concentration necessary to decrease extracellular Hepatitis B virus DNA levels by 50% in human hepatoblastoma cell line (2.2.15 cells) in vitro	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)00422-8
HepG2	IC₅₀	252 μM Compound: 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (ddC)	Cytotoxicity towards human hepatoblastoma cell line (2.2.15 cells) measured by inhibition of neutral red dye uptake in vitro Cytotoxicity towards human hepatoblastoma cell line (2.2.15 cells) measured by inhibition of neutral red dye uptake in vitro	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)00422-8
HepG2 2.2.15	CC₅₀	233 μM Compound: ddc	Compound concentration that cause 50% cytotoxicity was determined by neutral red uptake in 2.2.15 Cells Compound concentration that cause 50% cytotoxicity was determined by neutral red uptake in 2.2.15 Cells	10.1016/S0960-894X(97)00001-2
HL-60	IC₅₀	100 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity was tested in HL60 cells by the trypan blue exclusion assay. Cytotoxicity was tested in HL60 cells by the trypan blue exclusion assay.	[PMID: 1695683]
MT2	IC₅₀	0.44 μg/mL Compound: DDC	Compound was tested for its inhibitory activity against HIV replication in MT-2 cells. Compound was tested for its inhibitory activity against HIV replication in MT-2 cells.	[PMID: 1738145]
MT2	IC₅₀	0.13 μM Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication	[PMID: 19596885]
MT2	EC₅₀	0.29 μg/mL Compound: DDC	Effective concentration that increases formazan production in infected MT-2 cells Effective concentration that increases formazan production in infected MT-2 cells	[PMID: 2296018]
MT2	IC₅₀	44 μg/mL Compound: DDC	Inhibitory concentration that reduces formazan production in infected MT-2 cells. Inhibitory concentration that reduces formazan production in infected MT-2 cells.	[PMID: 2296018]
MT2	CC₅₀	4 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human MT2 cells after 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT2 cells after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 24900627]
MT2	EC₅₀	0.331 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I A17 strain in MT2 cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I A17 strain in MT2 cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
MT2	EC₅₀	0.9 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I IIIB strain in MT2 cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I IIIB strain in MT2 cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
MT2	EC₅₀	0.994 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I G910-6 strain in MT2 cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I G910-6 strain in MT2 cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
MT2	EC₅₀	1.562 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I H112-2 strain in MT2 cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I H112-2 strain in MT2 cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
MT2	IC₅₀	134.93 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I A17 strain in MT2 cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I A17 strain in MT2 cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
MT2	IC₅₀	212.1 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I G910-6 strain in MT2 cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I G910-6 strain in MT2 cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
MT2	IC₅₀	258.97 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I H112-2 strain in MT2 cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I H112-2 strain in MT2 cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
MT2	IC₅₀	83.8 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I IIIB strain in MT2 cell line Anti-HIV activity against HIV-I IIIB strain in MT2 cell line	[PMID: 8632437]
MT4	CC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 2, ddC	Cytotoxic conc. which reduces the cell viability of HIV-1 IIIB infected T4 lymphoblastoid MT-4 cells by 50% Cytotoxic conc. which reduces the cell viability of HIV-1 IIIB infected T4 lymphoblastoid MT-4 cells by 50%	[PMID: 10821705]
MT4	EC₅₀	2.4 μM Compound: 2, ddC	Effective concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of HIV-1 IIIB multiplication in hT4 lymphoblastoid MT-4 cells using MTT assay Effective concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of HIV-1 IIIB multiplication in hT4 lymphoblastoid MT-4 cells using MTT assay	[PMID: 10821705]
MT4	CC₅₀	14 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxic concentration of compound required to reduce the viability of mock infected MT-4 cells on the MTT assay in test I Cytotoxic concentration of compound required to reduce the viability of mock infected MT-4 cells on the MTT assay in test I	[PMID: 11459656]
MT4	EC₅₀	88 nM Compound: ddC	Effective concentration for 50% protection of HIV-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells on the MTT assay Effective concentration for 50% protection of HIV-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells on the MTT assay	[PMID: 11459656]
MT4	CC₅₀	48 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity based on the reduction of the viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells using the MTT method Cytotoxicity based on the reduction of the viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells using the MTT method	[PMID: 11958995]
MT4	EC₅₀	33 μM Compound: ddC	Anti-HIV activity based on the protection against HIV-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells using MTT method Anti-HIV activity based on the protection against HIV-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells using MTT method	[PMID: 11958995]
MT4	CC₅₀	11 μg/mL Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 12444692]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.1 μg/mL Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 12444692]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.1 μg/mL Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 12444692]
MT4	CC₅₀	30 μM Compound: D4C	Concentration required to reduce the number of viable uninfected MT-4 cells by 50%. Concentration required to reduce the number of viable uninfected MT-4 cells by 50%.	[PMID: 1495007]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.69 μM Compound: D4C	Concentration required to protect 50% of HIV-2 infected MT-4 cells against viral cytopathicity. Concentration required to protect 50% of HIV-2 infected MT-4 cells against viral cytopathicity.	[PMID: 1495007]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.91 μM Compound: D4C	Concentration required to protect 50% of HIV-1 infected MT-4 cells against viral cytopathicity. Concentration required to protect 50% of HIV-1 infected MT-4 cells against viral cytopathicity.	[PMID: 1495007]
MT4	CC₅₀	141 μM Compound: ddC	Concentration required to cause death of MT-4 cells was determined in vitro Concentration required to cause death of MT-4 cells was determined in vitro	[PMID: 14971898]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.04 μM Compound: ddC	Effective concentration to inhibit HIV-1 IIIB cytopathicity in MT-4 cells was determined in vitro Effective concentration to inhibit HIV-1 IIIB cytopathicity in MT-4 cells was determined in vitro	[PMID: 14971898]
MT4	IC₅₀	1.6 μM Compound: 2',3'-dideoxy cytidine	Potency against non nucleoside reverse transcriptor was determined in MT-4 cells Potency against non nucleoside reverse transcriptor was determined in MT-4 cells	[PMID: 15109677]
MT4	ED₅₀	0.011 μg/mL Compound: DDC	In vitro antiviral activity against HIV-1 in MT-4 Cell In vitro antiviral activity against HIV-1 in MT-4 Cell	[PMID: 1588565]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.236 μM Compound: DDC	AntiHIV-1 activity measured in MT-4 cells at 5 to 6 different concentrations, using the P24 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AntiHIV-1 activity measured in MT-4 cells at 5 to 6 different concentrations, using the P24 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).	[PMID: 1695683]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.24 μM Compound: DDC	AntiHIV-1 activity measured in MT-4 cells at 5 to 6 different concentrations, using the reverse transcriptase (RT) assay AntiHIV-1 activity measured in MT-4 cells at 5 to 6 different concentrations, using the reverse transcriptase (RT) assay	[PMID: 1695683]
MT4	IC₅₀	313 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity was tested in MT-4 cells by the XTT-microculture tetrazolium assay. Cytotoxicity was tested in MT-4 cells by the XTT-microculture tetrazolium assay.	[PMID: 1695683]
MT4	CC₅₀	40 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxic concentration required to reduce the viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells by 50% Cytotoxic concentration required to reduce the viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells by 50%	[PMID: 1992136]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: DDC	Effective concentration required to achieve 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIB). Effective concentration required to achieve 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIB).	[PMID: 1992136]
MT4	CC₅₀	10.66 μg/mL Compound: ddC	Toxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT assay Toxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 21658957]
MT4	IC₅₀	0.04 μg/mL Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in virus induced cytopathicity measured 5 days post infection by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in virus induced cytopathicity measured 5 days post infection by MTT assay	[PMID: 21658957]
MT4	IC₅₀	0.043 μg/mL Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells coinjected with HTLV1 assessed as reduction in virus induced cytopathicity measured 5 days post infection by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells coinjected with HTLV1 assessed as reduction in virus induced cytopathicity measured 5 days post infection by MTT assay	[PMID: 21658957]
MT4	CC₅₀	>94.69 μM Compound: Zalcitabine	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 4 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 4 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 21824782]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.468 μM Compound: Zalcitabine	Antiviral activity against wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 4 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against wild type Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 4 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 21824782]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.56 μM Compound: Zalcitabine	Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 4 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 4 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 21824782]
MT4	CC₅₀	>94 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 21872971]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.75 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced syncytium formation after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced syncytium formation after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 21872971]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.88 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced syncytium formation after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced syncytium formation after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 21872971]
MT4	CC₅₀	>94.7 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 22405288]
MT4	EC₅₀	1041.6 nM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytotoxicity after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytotoxicity after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 22405288]
MT4	CC₅₀	>94.69 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 22591854]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.67 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 22591854]
MT4	EC₅₀	1394.28 nM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 22591854]
MT4	CC₅₀	>95 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human MT4 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human MT4 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 22883027]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.39 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition in viral syncytium formation by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition in viral syncytium formation by MTT assay	[PMID: 22883027]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.7 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition in viral syncytium formation by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition in viral syncytium formation by MTT assay	[PMID: 22883027]
MT4	CC₅₀	>95 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 23084898]
MT4	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity by MTT assay	[PMID: 23084898]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.3 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity by MTT assay	[PMID: 23084898]
MT4	CC₅₀	>95 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 23098609]
MT4	CC₅₀	>95 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 23098609]
MT4	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by MTT assay	[PMID: 23098609]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.3 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by MTT assay	[PMID: 23098609]
MT4	CC₅₀	75.2 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 23419738]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B infected in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 1 3B infected in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay	[PMID: 23419738]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 2 ROD infected in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay Antiviral activity against Human immunodeficiency virus 2 ROD infected in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay	[PMID: 23419738]
MT4	ED₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: ddCyd	Effective dose achieving 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV Effective dose achieving 50% protection of MT-4 cells against the cytopathic effect of HIV	[PMID: 2342078]
MT4	CC₅₀	94.7 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 24055077]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.46 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against wild type HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against wild type HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 24055077]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.7 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathogenicity after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 24055077]
MT4	CC₅₀	>95 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 24119448]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.4 μM Compound: ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against viral-induced cytotoxicity after 5 days by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against viral-induced cytotoxicity after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 24119448]
MT4	CC₅₀	324.8 μM Compound: 3, ddC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells	[PMID: 24411122]
MT4	IC₅₀	1 μM Compound: 3, ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells	[PMID: 24411122]
MT4	IC₅₀	1.9 μM Compound: 3, ddC	Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells	[PMID: 24411122]
MT4	CC₅₀	40 μM Compound: ddCyd	Cytotoxic concentration of compound required to reduce the viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells by 50% Cytotoxic concentration of compound required to reduce the viability of mock-infected MT-4 cells by 50%	[PMID: 2479745]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: ddCyd	Concentration required to achieve 50% protection of MT-4 cells against cytopathic effect of HIV-1 Concentration required to achieve 50% protection of MT-4 cells against cytopathic effect of HIV-1	[PMID: 2479745]
MT4	CC₅₀	>20 μg/mL Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 27214512]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.16 μg/mL Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days MTT assay	[PMID: 27214512]
MT4	EC₅₀	0.19 μg/mL Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days MTT assay	[PMID: 27214512]
MT4	CC₅₀	>94.7 μM Compound: DDC; dideoxycytidine	Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human MT4 cells Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human MT4 cells	[PMID: 27234889]
MT4	EC₅₀	1.37 μM Compound: DDC; dideoxycytidine	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by MTT assay	[PMID: 27234889]
MT4	CC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of ddA by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of ddA by MTT assay	[PMID: 33711763]
MT4	CC₅₀	130 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of AZT by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days in presence of AZT by MTT assay	[PMID: 33711763]
MT4	CC₅₀	180 μM Compound: ddC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 5 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 33711763]
MT4	IC₅₀	1.0 x 10^-6 M Compound: 1 (DDC)	Growth inhibition of HIV-1 in human lymphocyte MT-4 cells Growth inhibition of HIV-1 in human lymphocyte MT-4 cells	[PMID: 8388473]
MT4	CC₅₀	>20 μg/mL Compound: DDN, DDC	Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MT4 cells by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-013-0567-7
MT4	IC₅₀	0.16 μg/mL Compound: DDN, DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-013-0567-7
MT4	IC₅₀	0.19 μg/mL Compound: DDN, DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-013-0567-7
MT4	CC₅₀	>94.69 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against HIV-1 3B mock-infected human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HIV-1 3B mock-infected human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	10.1039/C3MD00028A
MT4	CC₅₀	>94.69 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against HIV-2 ROD mock-infected human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HIV-2 ROD mock-infected human MT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	10.1039/C3MD00028A
MT4	EC₅₀	1.04 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity by MTT assay	10.1039/C3MD00028A
MT4	EC₅₀	1.28 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity by MTT assay	10.1039/C3MD00028A
MT4	CC₅₀	>94.7 μM Compound: DDC	Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human MT4 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability measured 5 days post-infection by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human MT4 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability measured 5 days post-infection by MTT assay	10.1039/C3MD00247K
MT4	EC₅₀	0.57 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect measured 5 days post-infection by MTT assay Antiviral activity against wild-type HIV-1 3B infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect measured 5 days post-infection by MTT assay	10.1039/C3MD00247K
MT4	EC₅₀	1.61 μM Compound: DDC	Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect measured 5 days post-infection by MTT assay Antiviral activity against HIV-2 ROD infected in human MT4 cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect measured 5 days post-infection by MTT assay	10.1039/C3MD00247K
Vero	CC₅₀	0.49 μg/mL Compound: ddC	Cytotoxic concentration to uninfected vero cells Cytotoxic concentration to uninfected vero cells	[PMID: 9548818]
Vero	IC₅₀	0.02 μg/mL Compound: ddC	Inhibition of Tomioka strain of herpes simplex virus( Tomioka strain of HSV-1) by quantitative CPE reduction assay in vero cells Inhibition of Tomioka strain of herpes simplex virus( Tomioka strain of HSV-1) by quantitative CPE reduction assay in vero cells	[PMID: 9548818]

In Vitro

Zalcitabine is a dideoxynucleoside antiretroviral agent that is phosphorylated to the active metabolite 2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (ddCTP) within both uninfected and HIV-infected cells. At therapeutic concentrations, ddCTP inhibits HIV replication by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase and terminating elongation of the proviral DNA chain^[1]. Zalcitabine exhibits the inhibition effect on the cellular uptake of [3H]-PAH in CHO/hOAT1 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 1.23 mM. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of zalcitabine increased threefold with the enhancement of hOATI activity in CHO/hOAT1 cells^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 7481-89-2
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 211.22
Formula C₉H₁₃N₃O₃
Color White to light yellow
SMILES

OC[C@@H]1CC[C@H](N2C=CC(N)=NC2=O)O1
Synonyms

2',3'-Dideoxycytidine; ddC; Dideoxycytidine
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (17)

All Bio/Physico-chemical AssayRT-PCRWB

Sort by:

Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

TRAF3 activates STING-mediated suppression of EV-A71 and target of viral evasion. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 24;8(1):79. PMID: 36823147
Nature

Cell-type-targeted mitochondrial transplantation rescues cell degeneration. [Abstract]

2026 May;653(8113):221-231. PMID: 41986718
Nat Commun

Oncogenic KRAS-driven type I interferon signalling primes pancreatic cancer for necroptosis. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 15;17(1):5288. PMID: 42297776
Nat Commun

Heterozygous de novo dominant negative mutation of REXO2 results in interferonopathy. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 6;15(1):6685. PMID: 39107301

Zalcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Aug 6;15(1):6685. [Abstract]

Expression of MT-ND1 (UT Ctrl vs. UT T132A, P<0.0001), MT-ND2, L1ORF1, and POLG1 was measured by qPCR in vector alone (Ctrl), REXO2 (WT), and REXO2 (T132A) THP-1 stable cell lines with or without Zalcitabine (4 μM) treatment.
J Exp Med

Macrophage anti-bacterial activity is controlled by adenylate kinase 4-mediated mitochondrial DNA synthesis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 6;223(4):e20250978. PMID: 41817449
Clin Cancer Res

Necroptosis-dependent immunogenicity of cisplatin: implications for enhancing the radiation-induced abscopal effect. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 1;29(3):667-683. PMID: 36449659
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Endocytosis triggers V-ATPase-SYK-mediated priming of cGAS activation and innate immune response. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 25;119(43):e2207280119. PMID: 36252040

Zalcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 25;119(43):e2207280119. [Abstract]

Effect of mtDNA depletion on LF2000-induced transcription of the Ifnb1 gene. DMSO and ddC (50 ng/mL)-treated Raw264.7 cells were untreated or treated with LF2000 (10 μg/mL) for 6 h, followed by qPCR analysis of the Ifnb1 gene.

Zalcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Oct 25;119(43):e2207280119. [Abstract]

Effects of mtDNA depletion on LF2000-induced activation of Syk and phosphorylation of cGAS Y201. DMSO- and ddC (50 ng/mL; 5 d)-treated Raw264.7 cells were left untreated or treated with LF2000 (20 μg/mL) for the indicated times before immunoblot analysis with the indicated antibodies.
Free Radic Biol Med

cGAS-STING signaling pathway promotes ischemic kidney injury by regulating HK3-mediated lipid accumulation. [Abstract]

2026 Jun:249:246-259. PMID: 41825654
Free Radic Biol Med

PGAM1-dependent VDAC1 oligomerization disrupts mitochondrial quality control to drive doxorubicin cardiotoxicity via the cGAS-STING-ferroptosis axis. [Abstract]

2026 Apr:247:71-94. PMID: 41651300
J Cell Biol

C17orf80 binds the mitochondrial genome to promote its replication. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 2;222(10):e202302037. PMID: 37676315

Zalcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cell Biol. 2023 Oct 2;222(10):e202302037. [Abstract]

mtDNA copy number changed during induced depletion and re-population in WT and KO HEK-293T cells. mtDNA depletion was achieved by adding 100 µM ddC to the culture medium for 4 d, and then the cells were cultured for 5 d in the absence of ddC for mtDNA recovery.

Zalcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cell Biol. 2023 Oct 2;222(10):e202302037. [Abstract]

Western blot showed changes of C17orf80 protein level in control and knockdown groups during mtDNA depletion and recovery. 100 µM Zalcitabine was added to the culture medium for 4 d.
Commun Biol

Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling prompts ZBP1-mediated RPE cell PANoptosis in age-related macular degeneration. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 29;8(1):1118. PMID: 40731132
Int J Mol Sci

Mitochondrial Trafficking of MLKL, Bak/Bax, and Drp1 Is Mediated by RIP1 and ROS which Leads to Decreased Mitochondrial Membrane Integrity during the Hyperglycemic Shift to Necroptosis. [Abstract]

2023 May 11;24(10):8609. PMID: 37239951
Int Immunopharmacol

mtDNA/RNA boosts radiation-induced abscopal effect via M1 macrophage polarization-promoted IFN-β-dependent inflammatory response. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 16:155:114673. PMID: 40245773
Int Immunopharmacol

Quercetin Protects against Silicon dioxide Particles-induced spleen ZBP1-Mediated PANoptosis by regulating the Nrf2/Drp1/mtDNA axis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 2;143(Pt 3):113546. PMID: 39488923
Int J Antimicrob Agents

Efficacy of antiretroviral compounds against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro. [Abstract]

2019 Dec;54(6):814-819. PMID: 31479744
Hum Mutat

PLSCR3 Deficiency Triggers mtDNA-Driven cGAS-STING Activation to Potentiate Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer. [Abstract]

2026 May 25:2026:8545428. PMID: 42206267
bioRxiv

2025 April 30.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 62.5 mg/mL (295.90 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : ≥ 25 mg/mL (118.36 mM)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

4.7344 mL

23.6719 mL

47.3438 mL

5 mM

0.9469 mL

4.7344 mL

9.4688 mL

10 mM

0.4734 mL

2.3672 mL

4.7344 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.85 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.85 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.85 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (276 KB)
SDS (419 KB)
- English - EN (419 KB)
- Français - FR (419 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (419 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (419 KB)
- Español - ES (419 KB)
- Swedish - SV (419 KB)
- Italian - IT (419 KB)
- Korean - KR (419 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (419 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Adkins JC, et al. Zalcitabine. An update of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy in the management of HIV infection.Drugs. 1997 Jun;53(6):1054-80 [Content Brief]

[2]. Jin MJ, et al. Interaction of zalcitabine with human organic anion transporter 1. Pharmazie. 2006 May;61(5):491-2. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	4.7344 mL	23.6719 mL	47.3438 mL	118.3594 mL
	5 mM	0.9469 mL	4.7344 mL	9.4688 mL	23.6719 mL
	10 mM	0.4734 mL	2.3672 mL	4.7344 mL	11.8359 mL
	15 mM	0.3156 mL	1.5781 mL	3.1563 mL	7.8906 mL
	20 mM	0.2367 mL	1.1836 mL	2.3672 mL	5.9180 mL
	25 mM	0.1894 mL	0.9469 mL	1.8938 mL	4.7344 mL
	30 mM	0.1578 mL	0.7891 mL	1.5781 mL	3.9453 mL
	40 mM	0.1184 mL	0.5918 mL	1.1836 mL	2.9590 mL
	50 mM	0.0947 mL	0.4734 mL	0.9469 mL	2.3672 mL
	60 mM	0.0789 mL	0.3945 mL	0.7891 mL	1.9727 mL
	80 mM	0.0592 mL	0.2959 mL	0.5918 mL	1.4795 mL
	100 mM	0.0473 mL	0.2367 mL	0.4734 mL	1.1836 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

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Zalcitabine

Anti-Infection Compound Library

FDA-Approved Drug Library

Antiviral Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library

Nucleotide Compound Library

Anti-COVID-19 Compound Library

FDA Approved & Pharmacopeial Drug Library

Tumorigenesis-Related Compound Library

Rare Diseases Drug Library

Human Metabolite Library

Off-patent Drug Library

Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library

Multi-Target Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus

FDA-Approved Drug Library Plus

FDA-Approved Drug Library Mini

Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Mass Spectrometry Human Metabolite Library

Chinese Baijiu Compound Library

3D Diverse Fragment Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Zalcitabine

All HIV Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (17)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Zalcitabine

Anti-Infection Compound Library

FDA-Approved Drug Library

Antiviral Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library

Nucleotide Compound Library

Anti-COVID-19 Compound Library

FDA Approved & Pharmacopeial Drug Library

Tumorigenesis-Related Compound Library

Rare Diseases Drug Library

Human Metabolite Library

Off-patent Drug Library

Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library

Multi-Target Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus

FDA-Approved Drug Library Plus

FDA-Approved Drug Library Mini

Bioactive Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Mass Spectrometry Human Metabolite Library

Chinese Baijiu Compound Library

3D Diverse Fragment Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Zalcitabine

All HIV Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (17)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Zalcitabine Related Classifications

HY-17392 Related Classifications