Cat. No.: HY-N1441

Afzelin

(Synonyms: Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)

8 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 8 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)It is a flavonol glycoside that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress response, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cardiac cytotoxic effects. AfzelinIt can reduce mitochondrial damage, enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis, and reduce mitochondria-related proteins. Parkinand PTENinduced putative kinase 1 (putative kinase 1)s level. AfzelinCan be improved D-galactosamine(GalN)/LPSSurvival rate of mice treated with doxorubicin prophylaxis (HY-15142A)Induced cardiotoxicity and scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced neurological injury. AfzelinAlso inhibits asthma and allergies caused by ovalbumin.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.62%
CAS No.: 482-39-3
Formula: C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀
Molecular Weight:432.38

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Afzelin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 482-39-3

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (8)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BMDC	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 18	Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-12 p40 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 25769817]
BMDC	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 18	Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 25769817]
BMDC	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 18	Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in wild-type C57BL/6 mouse BMDC pretreated with compound for 1 hr before LPS treatment measured 16 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 25769817]
BV-2	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 24	Inhibition of iNOS-mediated NO production in LPS-induced mouse BV2 cells Inhibition of iNOS-mediated NO production in LPS-induced mouse BV2 cells	[PMID: 18926710]
Sf9	IC₅₀	4.37 μM Compound: 4, trihydroxy-SL0101	Inhibition of RSK expressed in SF9 cells Inhibition of RSK expressed in SF9 cells	[PMID: 17512736]

In Vitro

Afzelin (20-80 μM; 12 h) protects the viability of cardiomyocyte H9C2 cells and resists toxicity induced by DOX (1 μM; 12 h)^[2].
The anti-cardiotoxic effect of Afzelin is inhibited by AMPKα. Agent Dorsomorphin to eliminate^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

Cardiomyocyte H9C2 cells
Concentration:

20, 40, and 80 μM
Incubation Time:

12 h, 24 h
Result:

Was safe and non-toxic to H9C2 cells even under 80 μM concentration.
Reversed the effect of DOX, sunch that decreased the cell survival rate, and elevated apoptotic rate, as well as induced the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in H9C2 cells.

In Vivo

Afzelin (5, 10 mg/kg/day; po; 20 days) attenuates DOX toxicity-induced cardiac injury in a concentration-dependent manner. Afzelin exerts cardioprotective effects by upregulating p-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) levels^[2].
Afzelin (0.1-10 mg/kg/day; po; for 5 days) reduces the asthma phenotype by downregulating the GATA-binding protein 3 transcription factor (GATA3) in mouse models of asthma. Afzelin inhibits GATA3 and reduces Th2 cytokines, while GATA3 is the main regulator of Th2 cytokine differentiation and production^[3].
Afzelin (100 ng/μL vis icv; 3 times a week for 1 month) ameliorates synaptic plasticity and cognitive/memory behaviors in mice given Scopolamine (HY-N0296)^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6 Mouse^[2]
Dosage:

5 mg/kg/day, 10 mg/kg/day
Administration:

Oral gavage for 20 days, while C57BL/6 mouse were treated with 4 mg/kg/d (ip, injected at day 1, 7, 14) DXO for 3 doses.
Result:

Attenuated DOX-induced cardiac damage and reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Also upregulated the expression of p-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1).

Animal Model:

Asthma murine model sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA)^[3]
Dosage:

0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg
Administration:

PO; once daily from day 19 to day 23
Result:

Suppressed eosinophil infiltration, allergic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, OVA-specific IgE and Th2 cytokine secretion.

Animal Model:

Scopolamine induced mouse model^[4]
Dosage:

100 ng/μL
Administration:

ICV, administered into the third ventricle of the hypothalamus; 3 time per week for 1 month
Result:

Resulted the restoration of the cholinergic systems and molecular signal transduction via CREB-BDNF pathways.
Led to improved neurocognitive and neuroprotective effects on synaptic plasticity and behaviors partly through the increase in CREB-BDNF signaling.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 482-39-3
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 432.38
Formula C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀
SMILES

O=C1C(O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C)O2)O)O)O)=C(C3=CC=C(O)C=C3)OC4=CC(O)=CC(O)=C14
Synonyms

Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside
Structure Classification
- Flavonoids
- Flavonols
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (8)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayCell Migration/Invasion AssayApoptosis AnalysisFlow CytometryWB

Sort by:

Journal Impact Factor

Food Chem

Effects of sun drying combined with baking processes on the flavor quality of Chongqing Tuocha raw tea. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 30:497:146992. PMID: 41285060
Food Chem

Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]

2025 May 31:489:144992. PMID: 40466530
Phytomedicine

Bioactive components of Jiedu Sangen decoction against colorectal cancer: A novel and comprehensive research strategy for natural drug development. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 21:142:156795. PMID: 40279966
Ind Crops Prod

2025 Dec 11;239:122458.
Aging (Albany NY)

Fisetin inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 25;13(22):24753-24767. PMID: 34821587
BMC Cancer

RPS6KA1 is a histone acetylation-related oncoprotein in acute myeloid leukemia which is targeted by afzelin. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. PMID: 39333927

Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]

HL-60 and THP-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of Afzelin (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 µM) for 24 h, and cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay.

Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]

The migration and invasion of HL-60 and THP-1 cells after treatment with 30 µM Afzelin for 24 h were detected by Transwell assay.

Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]

The apoptosis of HL-60 and THP-1 cells after treatment with 30 µM Afzelin for 24 h were detected by flow cytometry.

Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]

The cell cycle of HL-60 and THP-1 cells after treatment with 30 µM Afzelin for 24 h were detected by flow cytometry.

Afzelin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: BMC Cancer. 2024 Sep 27;24(1):1189. [Abstract]

Protein levels of p-RPS6KA1, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-p38, and p-MCL-1 in HL-60 and THP-1 cells treated with 30 µM Afzelin for 24 h were detected by Western blot.
BMC Complement Med Ther

Afzelin induces immunogenic cell death against lung cancer by targeting NQO2. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 27;23(1):381. PMID: 37891619
eNeuro

Tetrahydrofolate Attenuates Cognitive Impairment after Hemorrhagic Stroke by Promoting Hippocampal Neurogenesis via PTEN Signaling. [Abstract]

2024 May 10:ENEURO.0021-24.2024. PMID: 38729764

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 116.67 mg/mL (269.83 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Ethanol : 12.5 mg/mL (28.91 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.3128 mL

11.5639 mL

23.1278 mL

5 mM

0.4626 mL

2.3128 mL

4.6256 mL

10 mM

0.2313 mL

1.1564 mL

2.3128 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.78 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (286 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Lee SB, et al. Afzelin ameliorates D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure by modulating mitochondrial quality control and dynamics. Br J Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;174(2):195-209. [Content Brief]

[2]. Sun Y, et al. Afzelin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by promoting the AMPKα/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2023 Oct 15;477:116687. [Content Brief]

[3]. Zhou W, et al. Afzelin attenuates asthma phenotypes by downregulation of GATA3 in a murine model of asthma. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Jul;12(1):71-6. [Content Brief]

[4]. Oh SY, et al. Central administration of afzelin extracted from Ribes fasciculatum improves cognitive and memory function in a mouse model of dementia. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 28;11(1):9182. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
Ethanol / DMSO	1 mM	2.3128 mL	11.5639 mL	23.1278 mL	57.8195 mL
	5 mM	0.4626 mL	2.3128 mL	4.6256 mL	11.5639 mL
	10 mM	0.2313 mL	1.1564 mL	2.3128 mL	5.7820 mL
	15 mM	0.1542 mL	0.7709 mL	1.5419 mL	3.8546 mL
	20 mM	0.1156 mL	0.5782 mL	1.1564 mL	2.8910 mL
	25 mM	0.0925 mL	0.4626 mL	0.9251 mL	2.3128 mL
DMSO	30 mM	0.0771 mL	0.3855 mL	0.7709 mL	1.9273 mL
	40 mM	0.0578 mL	0.2891 mL	0.5782 mL	1.4455 mL
	50 mM	0.0463 mL	0.2313 mL	0.4626 mL	1.1564 mL
	60 mM	0.0385 mL	0.1927 mL	0.3855 mL	0.9637 mL
	80 mM	0.0289 mL	0.1445 mL	0.2891 mL	0.7227 mL
	100 mM	0.0231 mL	0.1156 mL	0.2313 mL	0.5782 mL

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Afzelin

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Afzelin

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (8)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Afzelin Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-N1441