G3BP1 Protein, Human (466a.a, His)

G3BP is a multifunctional protein involved in processes such as stress granule formation and innate immunity. It plays an essential role in stress granule formation, which are membraneless compartments storing mRNAs and proteins during stress responses. G3BP promotes stress granule assembly through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), acting as a molecular switch that triggers RNA-dependent LLPS in response to increased intracellular free RNA concentrations. Additionally, G3BP exhibits ATP- and magnesium-dependent helicase activity, unwinding DNA/DNA, RNA/DNA, and RNA/RNA substrates with comparable efficiency while moving unidirectionally along single-stranded DNA. In innate immunity, G3BP enhances CGAS and RIGI activity, promoting the DNA-triggered cGAS/STING pathway and RIGI-mediated type I interferon production. In vitro, G3BP may also function as a phosphorylation-dependent sequence-specific endoribonuclease, preferentially cleaving MYC mRNA at the 3'-UTR. by similar: G3BP is implicated in cGAS condensation, likely associated with the formation of membrane-less organelles.