Sting1/TMEM173 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His)

STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is encoded by the TMEM173 gene and is an adaptor molecule involved in the activation of innate immune responses to PAMPS (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and DAMPS (damage-associated molecular patterns). STING specifically recognizes cytosolic DNA products derived from pathogens (e.g., cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, Listeria monocytogenes) or dead cells. In the STING pathway, dsDNA derived from pathogens or damaged cells serves as a substrate for the enzyme cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP. Under steady-state conditions, STING localizes to the ER membrane. Upon activation by dsDNA derived second messenger (cGAMP), STING translocates to the Golgi apparatus as a homodimer. Once STING has trafficked to the perinuclear region, it activates TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-kB leading to the production of cytokines (e.g., type I interferon). Mutations in the TMEM173 gene affecting STING expression are associated with the development of the auto-inflammatory disease SAVI (STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy). Recombinant STING1/TMEM173 protein acts as a cytosolic DNA sensor and is primarily used in assays to investigate the cGAS-STING pathway, drug discovery, and cancer immunotherapy^[1][2].