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Photosystem II

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

42

Inhibitors & Agonists

2

Biochemical Assay Reagents

11

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Products

8

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

1

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Targets Recommended:
Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-B1776
    Spermidine
    15+ Cited Publications

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2 .- contents .
    Spermidine
  • HY-B1776A
    Spermidine hydrochloride
    15+ Cited Publications

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    Spermidine hydrochloride maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine hydrochloride significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2 .- contents .
    Spermidine hydrochloride
  • HY-W127709
    Chlorophyll b

    		Environmental Pollutants Biochemical Assay Reagents Others
    Chlorophyll b is an orally active tetrapyrrole derivative and pigment. Chlorophyll b can be obtained from photosynthetic organisms such as plants and algae. Chlorophyll b acts as a hydrogen donor and increases Glutathione levels. Chlorophyll b has antioxidant activity and functionally replaces chlorophyll a in photosystem II to participate in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll b reduces Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced DNA damage, chromosome instability, and oxidative stress. Chlorophyll b is mainly used in the study of plant photosynthesis mechanism .
    Chlorophyll b
  • HY-W015816
    2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone

    2,6-DMBQ

    		 Photosystem II Others
    2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone (2,6-DMBQ) is a benzoquinone derivative. 2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone promotes Photosystem II-mediated photoelectrochemical water oxidation via electron transfer between spinach chloroplast Photosystem II membranes and carbon paste electrodes, and accepts electrons from Photosystem II during oxygen evolution assays. 2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone undergoes direct photolysis in aqueous solution under 365 nm conditions, producing 2,6-dimethylhydroquinone and 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone .
    2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone
  • HY-N6715
    Tenuazonic acid

    		Influenza Virus Bacterial Enterovirus Photosystem II Infection Cancer
    Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .
    Tenuazonic acid
  • HY-B1776R
    Spermidine (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    Spermidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spermidine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents .
    Spermidine (Standard)
  • HY-B1847
    Terbuthylazine
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Environmental Pollutants Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Herbicide Others
    Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein .
    Terbuthylazine
  • HY-116954
    Metribuzin

    		DNA/RNA Synthesis Others
    Metribuzin is a low-cost non-selective herbicide belonging to the chemical class of triazinones. Metribuzin inhibits plant DNA synthesis and acts on photosystem II, ultimately suppressing photosynthesis. Metribuzin provides excellent control of important annual grass and broadleaf weeds .
    Metribuzin
  • HY-B1776AS1
    Spermidine-13C4 hydrochloride
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    Spermidine- 13C4 (hydrochloride) is the 13C-labeled Spermidine trihydrochloride. Spermidine hydrochloride maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine hydrochloride significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents .
    Spermidine-13C4 hydrochloride
  • HY-B1866
    Linuron
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Environmental Pollutants Androgen Receptor Herbicide Infection Metabolic Disease Cancer
    Linuron is a phenylurea herbicide widely used to control the growth of grasses and weeds in various crops and orchards. Linuron acts as a photosystem II inhibitor. It also functions as a competitive androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, with an EC50 of 200 μM and a Ki of 100 μM against rat AR, and an EC50 of 20 μM against human AR. Linuron exhibits reproductive toxicity in animals and acts as an endocrine disruptor .\n
    Linuron
  • HY-B1991
    Terbutryn

    		Environmental Pollutants Herbicide Others
    Terbutryn is a photosystem II inhibitor and aquatic toxicant. Terbutryn interferes with photosynthesis by inhibiting photosystem II. Terbutryn reduces the production of periphyton by acting directly on periphytic algae in artificial indoor streams. Terbutryn reduces the population growth of Lumbriculus variegatus in artificial indoor streams through indirect effects associated with the reduction of food sources for periphyton. The overall 50% dissipation time (DT50) of Terbutryn in the water of artificial indoor streams is 28 d .
    Terbutryn
  • HY-17513
    Amicarbazone

    BAY314666; BAY-MKH 3586

    		 Environmental Pollutants Herbicide Others
    Amicarbazone (BAY-MKH3586; BAY314666) acts as a potent inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport by binding to the Qb domain of photosystem II (PSII); it is a herbicide with broad-spectrum weed control activity .
    Amicarbazone
  • HY-B1853
    Simetryn

    		Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis ERK Herbicide MEK Cardiovascular Disease
    Simetryn is a triazine herbicide that exerts teratogenicity. Simetryn inhibits photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer in the chloroplast photosystem II and activates the MEK/Erk signaling pathway. Simetryn triggers vascular and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish and tadpoles, suppresses proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and induces malformations. Simetryn serves as a tool to establish a zebrafish model for studying arteriovenous malformations and related pathogenesis. Simetryn controls paddy weeds and can be used for research on developmental and vascular disorders .
    Simetryn
  • HY-B1776S
    Spermidine-d6
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    Spermidine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Spermidine . Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents .
    Spermidine-d6
  • HY-B1848
    Hexaflumuron

    		Environmental Pollutants Insecticide Others
    Hexaflumuron is an insect growth regulator (IGR) that inhibits chitin synthesis during insect molting .
    Hexaflumuron
  • HY-148429
    Antimalarial agent 17

    		Parasite Others
    Antimalarial agent 17 is an antimalarial agent, also acts as a herbicide. Antimalarial agent 17 is photosystem II inhibitor, shows post-emergence herbicidal activity equal to commercial herbicides .
    Antimalarial agent 17
  • HY-B1776AS
    Spermidine-d8 hydrochloride

    		Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    Spermidine-d8 (hydrochloride)e is the deuterium labeled Spermidine trihydrochloride. Spermidine hydrochloride maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine hydrochloride significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents .
    Spermidine-d8 hydrochloride
  • HY-NP026
    Spirulina C-phycocyanin

    C-phycocyaninfromporphyratenera

    		 SOD Integrin Inflammation/Immunology
    Spirulina C-phycocyanin, a component of the light-harvesting phycobilisome complex in photosystem II, is a highly dominant chromoprotein in Spirulina. Spirulina C-phycocyanin can be detected by Raman spectral measurement. Spirulina C-phycocyanin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, liver-protective and cholesterol-lowering effects .
    Spirulina C-phycocyanin
  • HY-W653921
    Tenuazonic acid-d13

    		Isotope-Labeled Compounds Enterovirus Photosystem II Influenza Virus Bacterial Infection Cancer
    Tenuazonic acid-d13 is deuterium labeled Tenuazonic acid. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .
    Tenuazonic acid-d13
  • HY-121242
    Buthidazole

    VEL-5026

    		 Photosystem II Others
    Buthidazole is a selective herbicide for weed control in corn. Buthidazole inhibits photosynthetic electron transport at two distinct sites in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The major site of inhibition was on the reducing side of photosystem II. Another site of electron transport inhibition is on the oxidizing side of photosystem II. Buthidazole inhibits corn photosynthesis and prevents starch accumulation in bundle sheath chloroplasts and some ultrastructural disruption of mesophyl chloroplasts of corn plants .
    Buthidazole
  • HY-W725574
    Dimidazon

    BAS 29095

    		 Photosystem II Others
    Dimidazon (BAS 29095) is a weak electron transport inhibitor targeting photosystem II (PSII). Dimidazon inhibits electron transfer from the primary electron acceptor Q in PSII to photosystem I. Dimidazon is promising for research of photosynthesis regulation and weed control .
    Dimidazon
  • HY-N11913
    Siderin

    		Biochemical Assay Reagents Others
    Siderin is a Photosystem II inhibitor that effectively inhibits ATP synthesis and chloroplast electron transport during photosynthesis in isolated spinach. Siderin can be used in the study of plant photosynthesis .
    Siderin
  • HY-B1866S
    Linuron-d6

    		Androgen Receptor Isotope-Labeled Compounds Others
    Linuron-d6 is the deuterium labeled Linuron (HY-B1866). Linuron is a phenylurea herbicide that is widely used to control the growth of grass and weeds in various agriculture crops and in orchards. Linuron is a photosystem II inhibitor. Linuron is also a competitive androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with a Ki of 100 μM. Linuron shows reproductive toxicity in animals that acts as an endocrine disruptor .
    Linuron-d6
  • HY-B1866R
    Linuron (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Androgen Receptor Endocrinology
    Linuron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Linuron. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Linuron is a phenylurea herbicide that is widely used to control the growth of grass and weeds in various agriculture crops and in orchards. Linuron is a photosystem II inhibitor. Linuron is also a competitive androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with a Ki of 100 μM. Linuron shows reproductive toxicity in animals that acts as an endocrine disruptor .
    Linuron (Standard)
  • HY-157618
    18:0-18:1 PG sodium

    		Bacterial Others
    18:0-18:1 PG sodium is a hydrogenated phospholipid that contributes to the stability of photosystem I and II protein complexes and plays a role in bacterial defense mechanisms, featuring two extra methylene groups in its saturated sn-1 chain, and is present in the thylakoid membranes of higher plants and cyanobacteria.
    18:0-18:1 PG sodium
  • HY-N6715R
    Tenuazonic acid (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Influenza Virus Bacterial Enterovirus Photosystem II Infection Cancer
    Tenuazonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tenuazonic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .
    Tenuazonic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N15688
    Diatoxanthin

    		Endogenous Metabolite Others
    Diatoxanthin is a cytochrome and phycoxanthin byproduct that can be extracted from the algae F. pinnata cells. Diatoxanthin can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the inhibitory effects of biocides on diatom photosystem II (PSII) .
    Diatoxanthin
  • HY-116954R
    Metribuzin (Standard)

    		Reference Standards DNA/RNA Synthesis Others
    Metribuzin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metribuzin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metribuzin is a low-cost non-selective herbicide that belongs to the chemical class of triazinones. Metribuzin hinders DNA synthesis in treated plants and acts on photosystem II, ultimately inhibiting photosynthesis. Metribuzin provides good control of important annual grass and broad-leaf weeds .
    Metribuzin (Standard)
  • HY-B1849R
    Hexazinone (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Environmental Pollutants Herbicide Others
    Hexazinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexazinone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexazinone is a triazinone herbicide with high mobility and persistence in soil. Hexazinone is mainly degraded by soil microorganisms, and its degradation and mineralization processes are significantly affected by soil texture (faster in clay loam) and application method (mixed application can improve its bioavailability and mineralization rate). Hexazinone exhibits mild to moderate acute oral toxicity and has significant eye irritation .
    Hexazinone (Standard)
  • HY-N6715S
    Tenuazonic acid-13C10

    		Influenza Virus Bacterial Isotope-Labeled Compounds Infection
    Tenuazonic acid- 13C10 is 13C labeled Tenuazonic acid (HY-N6715). Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .
    Tenuazonic acid-13C10
  • HY-118136
    CGP 28392

    		Calcium Channel Others
    CGP 28392 is an activator for calcium channel, and reactivates the oxygen evolution in calcium-deficient photosystem II (PS II) particles .
    CGP 28392
  • HY-B1847S1
    Terbuthylazine-d5

    		Isotope-Labeled Compounds Herbicide Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Others
    Terbuthylazine-d5 is the deuterium labeled Terbuthylazine (HY-B1847) . Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein.
    Terbuthylazine-d5
  • HY-B1847R
    Terbuthylazine (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Herbicide Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Others
    Terbuthylazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Terbuthylazine (HY-B1847). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein.
    Terbuthylazine (Standard)
  • HY-B1776AR
    Spermidine hydrochloride (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Metabolic Disease
    Spermidine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spermidine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spermidine hydrochloride maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine hydrochloride significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents .
    Spermidine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-B1848R
    Hexaflumuron (Standard)

    		Reference Standards Insecticide Others
    Hexaflumuron (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexaflumuron. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexaflumuron is an insect growth regulator (IGR) that inhibits chitin synthesis during insect molting .
    Hexaflumuron (Standard)
  • HY-B1853R
    Simetryn (Standard)

    		Herbicide Reference Standards ERK MEK Apoptosis Cardiovascular Disease
    Simetryn (Standard) is the analytical standard of Simetryn (HY-B1853). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Simetryn is a triazine herbicide that exerts teratogenicity. Simetryn inhibits photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer in the chloroplast photosystem II and activates the MEK/Erk signaling pathway. Simetryn triggers vascular and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish and tadpoles, suppresses proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and induces malformations. Simetryn serves as a tool to establish a zebrafish model for studying arteriovenous malformations and related pathogenesis. Simetryn controls paddy weeds and can be used for research on developmental and vascular disorders .
    Simetryn (Standard)
  • HY-150033
    Sorgoleone

    		Photosystem II Herbicide Others
    Sorgoleone is a photosystem II inhibitor found in sorghum. Sorgoleone binds to the QB niche of the D1 protein, inhibits photosynthetic electron transport, and does not affect photosystem I reactions. Sorgoleone reduces radicle elongation and stunts growth. Sorgoleone inhibits CO2-dependent oxygen evolution, photosynthetic O2 evolution, and mitochondrial respiration. Sorgoleone can be used as a herbicide .
    Sorgoleone
  • HY-W714182
    Dimethametryn

    		Herbicide Others
    Dimethametryn is a methylthio-triazine herbicide mainly used for controlling broadleaf weeds in paddy fields. Dimethametryn blocks plant photosynthesis by inhibiting electron transport and non-cyclic photophosphorylation of photosystem II, ultimately causing chlorosis, necrosis and death of sensitive plants .
    Dimethametryn
  • HY-W714215
    Sebuthylazine

    		Herbicide Others
    Sebuthylazine is a herbicide. Sebuthylazine is selectively and systematically absorbed and migrated through plant roots. Sebuthylazine inhibits photosynthesis in photosystem II .
    Sebuthylazine
  • HY-B1847S
    Terbuthylazine-d9

    		Isotope-Labeled Compounds Herbicide Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Others
    Terbuthylazine-d9 is the deuterium labeled Terbuthylazine (HY-B1847). Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein.
    Terbuthylazine-d9
  • HY-N9677
    Digalactosyldiacylglycerol

    		Herbicide Others
    Digalactosyldiacylglycerol is a membrane structure stabilizer that selectively acts on photosystem II light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), serving as a natural bilayer-forming lipid in plant thylakoid membranes. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol constructs a lipid bilayer environment with monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) in a 2:1 molar ratio, stabilizing the supramolecular structure of LHCII through interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Its core activity is maintaining thylakoid membrane stacking (grana formation) and supporting photosynthesis-related functions, while also possessing functions in light harvesting assistance and excitation energy quenching regulation under light stress. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol can be used in research on plant photosynthesis mechanisms, thylakoid membrane structure and function regulation, as well as in the construction of artificial photosynthetic systems and the development of plant photoprotection strategies .
    Digalactosyldiacylglycerol
  • HY-W099725
    Sarmentine

    		Herbicide Photosystem II Cardiovascular Disease Infection
    Sarmentine is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide and PSII inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.0 μM and a Ki of 1.5 μM against spinach, an IC50 of 1.72 μM against wild-type Amaranthus retroflexus, and an IC50 of 0.97 μM against triazine-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus. Sarmentine competitively binds to the QB binding site of plastoquinone on PSII, thereby blocking photosynthetic electron transport. Sarmentine inhibits enoyl-ACP reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting the early fatty acid synthesis process, with an IC50 of 18.3 μM. Sarmentine induces light-independent loss of plasma membrane integrity and electrolyte leakage. Sarmentine also exhibits antiplasmodial, antimycobacterial, antituberculous, and antiplatelet aggregation activities .
    Sarmentine

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