Zymosan (ZM), 95%
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Zymosan (ZM), 95% is a yeast cell wall-derived carbohydrate-rich preparation and immunomodulator. Zymosan (ZM), 95% binds to and activates TLR-2, TLR-4, and Dectin-1 receptor to trigger downstream signaling pathways. Zymosan (ZM), 95% upregulates TLR-2, TLR-4, and TNF-α mRNA expression, increases serum TNF-α levels, and stimulates splenocyte number and viability in mice. Zymosan (ZM), 95% attenuates melanoma growth progression, modulates macrophage marker gene expression, and mediates phagocytosis, ROS generation, and cytokine production. Zymosan (ZM), 95% reduces Connexin 43 protein and mRNA levels, inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication, and induces proinflammatory factor production in human corneal cells. Zymosan (ZM), 95% induces peritoneal inflammation in mice, functions as a drug carrier, and supports fibroblast cell attachment in hydrogel formulations. Zymosan (ZM), 95% can be used for the research of melanoma, tumors, fungal keratitis, ocular surface inflammatory disorders, and peritoneal inflammation.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 96.11%
- CAS No.: 9010-72-4
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
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Dectin-1 |
TLR4 |
TLR2 |
Zymosan (ZM), 95% (0.01-100 μg/mL; 72 h), enhances the viability and proliferation of mouse splenocytes in a concentration-dependent, bell-shaped curve manner, with the maximal effect observed at the concentration of 1 μg/mL after 72 h of incubation[1].
Zymosan (ZM), 95% (10-100 μg/mL; 24 h), is biocompatible with Raw 264.7 macrophages, and the cell viability remains above 90% after incubation at concentrations of 10-100 μg/mL for 24 h[2].
Zymosan (ZM), 95% (1 mg; 6 h), induces an anti-tumor M1 macrophage phenotype in differentiated human THP-1 macrophages, which is characterized by upregulated gene expression of TNFα, CXCL10 and TLR2, as well as downregulated expression of M2 marker genes, after 6 h of incubation with 1 mg ZM[3].
Zymosan (ZM), 95% (20-600 μg/mL; 24 h), reduces the expression of Cx43 protein in cultured human corneal fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner, with 200 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL (for 24 h) inducing 45% and 54% downregulation of expression, respectively[4].
The downregulation of Cx43 protein expression in cultured human corneal fibroblasts induced by 95% Zymosan (ZM) (600 μg/mL; 24 h) can be reversed in a concentration-dependent manner (with a reversal range of 6%-78%) by co-treatment with IKK2 inhibitor IV[4].
Zymosan (ZM), 95% (1-50 μg/mL; 4-24 h), induces concentration- and time-dependent increases in the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and MMPs in primary human corneal epithelial cells, with the peak effect observed at 4 h[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Cultured human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs)
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Concentration:20-600 μg/mL; 20 μg/mL, 60 μg/mL (non-significant)
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Induced a concentration-dependent reduction in Cx43 protein expression.
Reduced Cx43 protein levels by 45% relative to untreated controls at 200 μg/mL.
Reduced Cx43 protein levels by 54% relative to untreated controls at 600 μg/mL.
Showed relative Cx43 band intensities of 0.98 and 0.81 for 200 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL zymosan, respectively, compared to 1.78 for untreated controls.
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Cell Line:Cultured human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs)
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Concentration:600 μg/mL (co-treated with PD98059 at 1-10 μmol/L); 600 μg/mL (co-treated with JNK inhibitor II at 3-10 μmol/L)
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Attenuated the zymosan-induced reduction in Cx43 protein expression by PD98059 in a concentration-dependent manner: 1 μmol/L PD98059 attenuated the inhibition by 13%, 3 μmol/L by 19%, and 10 μmol/L by 34%.
Attenuated the zymosan-induced reduction in Cx43 protein expression by JNK inhibitor II in a concentration-dependent manner: 3 μmol/L JNK inhibitor II attenuated the inhibition by 20%, and 10 μmol/L by 34%.
Showed relative Cx43 band intensities of 2.12, 2.37, and 3.00 for zymosan plus 1, 3, 10 μmol/L PD98059, respectively, compared to 1.60 for zymosan alone; and 2.55 and 3.12 for zymosan plus 3, 10 μmol/L JNK inhibitor II, respectively, compared to 1.72 for zymosan alone.
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Cell Line:Cultured human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs)
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Concentration:600 μg/mL (co-treated with IKK2 inhibitor IV at 1-10 μmol/L)
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Attenuated the zymosan-induced reduction in Cx43 protein expression by IKK2 inhibitor IV in a concentration-dependent manner: 1 μmol/L IKK2 inhibitor IV attenuated the inhibition by 6%, 3 μmol/L by 39%, and 10 μmol/L by 78%.
Showed relative Cx43 band intensities of 0.63, 1.85, and 3.33 for zymosan plus 1, 3, 10 μmol/L IKK2 inhibitor IV, respectively, compared to 0.40 for zymosan alone.
Zymosan (ZM), 95% (10 μg; i.p.; daily; for 4 consecutive days) significantly upregulates the mRNA expression of TNF-α, TLR-2 and TLR-4 in peritoneal macrophages of healthy C57BL/6 mice, and increases their serum TNF-α levels[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 (female, 6-8 weeks old, average weight 18 g, melanoma induced by subcutaneous injection of 1×106 B16F10 cells)[1]
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Dosage:10 μg
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Administration:i.p.; daily; 4 consecutive days
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Result:Reduced mean tumor weight to approximately 0.6 g.
Elevated serum TNF-α levels compared to control and untreated melanoma-bearing mice.
Upregulated peritoneal macrophage TNF-α mRNA expression to 12.27-fold relative to control mice.
Upregulated peritoneal macrophage TLR-2 mRNA expression to 3.02-fold relative to control mice.
Increased peritoneal macrophage TLR-4 mRNA expression to 1.11-fold relative to control mice.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 (female, 6-8 weeks old, average weight 18 g)[1]
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Dosage:10 μg
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Administration:i.p.; daily; 4 consecutive days
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Result:Increased serum TNF-α levels significantly greater than all other groups.
Upregulated peritoneal macrophage TNF-α mRNA expression to 39.85-fold relative to control mice.
Upregulated peritoneal macrophage TLR-2 mRNA expression to 12.95-fold relative to control mice.
Upregulated peritoneal macrophage TLR-4 mRNA expression to 2.18-fold relative to control mice.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 9010-72-4
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Appearance Solid
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Color White to light yellow
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SMILES
[Zymosan (ZM), 95%]
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (251 KB)
- English - EN (251 KB)
- Français - FR (251 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (251 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (251 KB)
- Español - ES (251 KB)
- Swedish - SV (251 KB)
- Italian - IT (251 KB)
- Korean - KR (251 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (251 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Taghavi M, et al. Zymosan attenuates melanoma growth progression, increases splenocyte proliferation and induces TLR-2/4 and TNF-α expression in mice. J Inflamm (Lond). 2018;15:5. Published 2018 Mar 22. [Content Brief]
[2]. Venkatachalam G, et al. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Aminated Zymosan. ACS Omega. 2020;5(26):15973-15982. Published 2020 Jun 23. [Content Brief]
[3]. Venkatachalam G, et al. Immunomodulatory zymosan/ι-carrageenan/ agarose hydrogel for targeting M2 to M1 macrophages (antitumoral). RSC Adv. 2024;14(17):11694-11705. Published 2024 Apr 11. [Content Brief]
[4]. Zheng XS, et al. Effect of zymosan on the expression and function of the gap-junction protein connexin 43 in human corneal fibroblasts. Int J Ophthalmol. 2021;14(3):341-348. Published 2021 Mar 18. [Content Brief]
[5]. Li DQ, et al. Suppressive effects of azithromycin on zymosan-induced production of proinflammatory mediators by human corneal epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(11):5623-5629. [Content Brief]
[6]. Kolaczkowska E, et al. Critical role of mast cells in morphine-mediated impairment of zymosan-induced peritonitis in mice. Inflamm Res. 2001;50(8):415-421. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Zymosan (ZM), 95% Related Classifications
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