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  3. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium  (Synonyms: Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate)

Cat. No.: HY-100542 Purity: ≥98.0%
COA Handling Instructions

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium Chemical Structure

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 103404-90-6

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in Water
ready for reconstitution
USD 66 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in Water USD 66 In-stock
Solid
5 mg USD 38 In-stock
10 mg USD 60 In-stock
25 mg USD 84 In-stock
50 mg USD 144 In-stock
100 mg USD 240 In-stock
200 mg   Get quote  
500 mg   Get quote  

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Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium

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  • Protocol

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  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling[1][2][3][4][5].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) accumulates in human cancers carrying neomorphic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes[1][2].
A partial inhibition of KDM7A toward both H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 peptides is observed in the presence of 50 mM D-2-HG and 100 μM α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Addition of 300 μM α-KG is capable of reversing the inhibition of Caenorhabditis elegans KDM7A (CeKDM7A) by 50 mM D-2-HG, indicating that D-2-HG is a weak competitive inhibitor against α-KG toward the CeKDM7A demethylase[1].
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak inhibitor of TET hydroxylases. In the presence of 0.1 mM of α-KG, addition of 10 mM D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid results in a partial (33%) inhibition of TET2 and addition of 50 mM D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid results in more inhibition (83%) of TET2. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid exhibits a less pronounced inhibitory effect toward TET1[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid strongly inhibits glucose utilization, CO2 production and the respiratory chain in rat cerebral cortex and human skeletal muscle, as well as in submitochondrial particles from bovine heart, suggesting an impairment of the aerobic metabolism[5].
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid has also been proposed as an endogenous excitotoxic organic acid because it significantly decreased cell viability in neuronal cultures from chick embryo telencephalons and from neonatal rat hippocampus through stimulation of specific NMDA glutamate receptors[5].
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (0.01-1 mM) significantly increases chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and decreased total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) values in the cortical supernatants in 30-day-old-rats[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

192.08

Formula

C5H6Na2O5

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to light yellow

SMILES

O=C(O[Na])[C@H](O)CCC(O[Na])=O

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 75 mg/mL (390.46 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.2062 mL 26.0308 mL 52.0616 mL
5 mM 1.0412 mL 5.2062 mL 10.4123 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (520.62 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥98.0%

References
Cell Assay
[2]

U87 cells, HCT 116 IDH1(R132H/+) cells, and HEK 293 cells are seeded in 12-well plates and after overnight incubation are treated with indicated concentrations of each compound (e.g., 400 and 800 μM D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid). After harvesting, cells are stained with Acridine Orange (AO) and DAPI. Cell number and viability are measured based on AO and DAPI fluorescence measured by NC3000[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O 1 mM 5.2062 mL 26.0308 mL 52.0616 mL 130.1541 mL
5 mM 1.0412 mL 5.2062 mL 10.4123 mL 26.0308 mL
10 mM 0.5206 mL 2.6031 mL 5.2062 mL 13.0154 mL
15 mM 0.3471 mL 1.7354 mL 3.4708 mL 8.6769 mL
20 mM 0.2603 mL 1.3015 mL 2.6031 mL 6.5077 mL
25 mM 0.2082 mL 1.0412 mL 2.0825 mL 5.2062 mL
30 mM 0.1735 mL 0.8677 mL 1.7354 mL 4.3385 mL
40 mM 0.1302 mL 0.6508 mL 1.3015 mL 3.2539 mL
50 mM 0.1041 mL 0.5206 mL 1.0412 mL 2.6031 mL
60 mM 0.0868 mL 0.4338 mL 0.8677 mL 2.1692 mL
80 mM 0.0651 mL 0.3254 mL 0.6508 mL 1.6269 mL
100 mM 0.0521 mL 0.2603 mL 0.5206 mL 1.3015 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium
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