1. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  2. Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
  3. Milrinone

Milrinone  (Synonyms: Win 47203)

Cat. No.: HY-14252 Purity: 99.87%
COA Handling Instructions

Milrinone is a PDE3 inhibitor, and also an inotrope and vasodilator.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Milrinone Chemical Structure

Milrinone Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 78415-72-2

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Solid + Solvent
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
USD 73 In-stock
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 73 In-stock
Solid
50 mg USD 66 In-stock
100 mg USD 105 In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 18 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Milrinone:

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  • Biological Activity

  • Protocol

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Milrinone is a PDE3 inhibitor, and also an inotrope and vasodilator.

IC50 & Target

PDE3

 

In Vitro

Milrinone (1 µM) increases PKA activity in hypoxic myocytes to normoxic levels. Milrinone (50 nM) normalizes TP receptor sensitivity in hypoxic myocytes by restoring PKA-mediated regulatory TP receptor phosphorylation[1]. Milrinone significantly reduces NE-induced vasoconstriction, attenuating both NE sensitivity and maximal tension generation. Inhibition of ATP-sensitive K+ channels or voltage-gated K+ channels do not prevent the milrinone-induced attenuation of NE responses[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Milrinone (1 μg/kg/min, i.v.) significantly reduces PAP, PVR (−18.96 ± 1.7%), and LAP (−26.03 ± 2.3%) in congestive heart failure (CHF) rats. Milrinone (1 mg/mL, inhalation) results in a near-maximal reduction of PAP without significant effects on AP, decreases pulmonary artery pressure similarly in a larger collective of CHF rats. Milrinone inhalation selectively increases cAMP but not cGMP plasma concentrations in both groups. Repeated milrinone inhalations even reduce lung wet/dry weight ratio[2]. Milrinone (49.5 μg) largely shifts the ESPVR upwards and significantly increases end-systolic pressure (ESP(0.08)) and the systolic pressure-volume area (PVA(0.08)) at a mid-range LV volume (0.08 mL/g myocardium). Milrinone also slightly decreases LV ESP(ESV) and decreased Ea[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

211.22

Formula

C12H9N3O

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CC(N1)=C(C2=CC=NC=C2)C=C(C#N)C1=O

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (236.72 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.7344 mL 23.6720 mL 47.3440 mL
5 mM 0.9469 mL 4.7344 mL 9.4688 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (13.02 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (13.02 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.87%

References
Animal Administration
[2]

In juvenile rats of 100 ± 8 g body weight (bw), CHF is induced by supracoronary aortic banding. In brief, rats are anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (87 mg/kg bw) and xylazine (13 mg/kg bw). Rats are placed in the supine position, the chest wall is shaved, and a left thoracotomy is performed in the third intercostal space during ventilation with 100% O2. The ascending aorta is freed from connective tissue and partially occluded by implantation of a titanium clip with a defined internal diameter of 0.8 mm. After surgical closure of the thorax, the rats are allowed to recover from anesthesia. For postoperative analgesia, rats receive 250 mg/kg bw of metamizole intramuscularly immediately after the operation and on the first postoperative day. Sham-operated rats serve as controls. After recovery from anesthesia, the animals are placed in cages with free access to water and standard laboratory diet. For inhalation, milrinone (0.2-5 mg/mL) or NaCl (0.9%) are nebulized using an ultrasonic nebulizer and inhaled for 3 min at identical peak inspiratory pressures as used throughout the experiment. A 3-min nebulization of 1 mg/mL milrinone results in vaporization of 14 μg of the phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor as determined by microgravimetry. Therefore, the respective dose of 39 μg/kg is analog to inhaled doses in human studies. For intravenous delivery, milrinone (initial bolus of 2-10 μg/kg, followed by 0.2-1 μg/kg/min) or equivalent volumes of NaCl (0.9%; initial bolus of 1.6 mL/kg, followed by 10 μL/kg/h) are administered by an infusion pump for 10 min.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 4.7344 mL 23.6720 mL 47.3440 mL 118.3600 mL
5 mM 0.9469 mL 4.7344 mL 9.4688 mL 23.6720 mL
10 mM 0.4734 mL 2.3672 mL 4.7344 mL 11.8360 mL
15 mM 0.3156 mL 1.5781 mL 3.1563 mL 7.8907 mL
20 mM 0.2367 mL 1.1836 mL 2.3672 mL 5.9180 mL
25 mM 0.1894 mL 0.9469 mL 1.8938 mL 4.7344 mL
30 mM 0.1578 mL 0.7891 mL 1.5781 mL 3.9453 mL
40 mM 0.1184 mL 0.5918 mL 1.1836 mL 2.9590 mL
50 mM 0.0947 mL 0.4734 mL 0.9469 mL 2.3672 mL
60 mM 0.0789 mL 0.3945 mL 0.7891 mL 1.9727 mL
80 mM 0.0592 mL 0.2959 mL 0.5918 mL 1.4795 mL
100 mM 0.0473 mL 0.2367 mL 0.4734 mL 1.1836 mL
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Milrinone Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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