Milrinone lactate
Based on 38 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Milrinone lactate (Win 47203 lactate) is a selective PDE3 inhibitor with positive inotropic and vasodilatory effects. Milrinone lactate inhibits cAMP hydrolysis and increases intracellular cAMP and PKA signaling. Milrinone lactate reduces NF-κB, TLR4/MyD88, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Milrinone lactate can be used in research on ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, noise-induced hearing loss, acute lung injury, and Alzheimer's disease.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 98.76%
- CAS No.: 100286-97-3
- Formula: C12H9N3O.xC3H6O3
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Milrinone lactate
More- Science. 2022 Nov 18;378(6621):eabq7361. [Abstract]
- Nat Aging. 2026 Sep;6(9):1866-1885.
- Sci Bull. 2025 Aug 11:S2095-9273(25)00813-8. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Mar 18. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Feb 12;17(1):2681. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2026 Aug 7:S2090-1232(26)00621-1.
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul 18:e05570. [Abstract]
- EMBO Mol Med. 2021 Dec 7;13(12):e14887. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2026 Sep 22;45(9):117813.
- Cell Rep. 2023 Dec 6;42(12):113531. [Abstract]
- Hum Reprod. 2025 Sep 1;40(9):1773-1785. [Abstract]
- Hum Reprod. 2022 Jul 30;37(8):1932-1944. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Dec 14;70(49):15570-15582. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2026 Sep 15:323:120781.
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jun 15:298:118264. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Jul 15:280:116559. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Apr 15:275:116264. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Sep 1:242:113921. [Abstract]
- J Environ Sci. 2025 Sep 26.
- Genetics. 2021 Jun 24;218(2):iyab054. [Abstract]
- EMBO Rep. 2025 Jul 28. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 24;24(1):320. [Abstract]
- BMC Biol. 2025 Feb 6;23(1):37. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 May 9;1870(6):167228. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2025 Jul 31;39(14):e70846. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2022 Jun;36(6):e22357. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2020 Oct;1867(10):118766. [Abstract]
- Mol Hum Reprod. 2025 Apr 3;31(2):gaaf009. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2019 Aug;234(8):14339-14350. [Abstract]
- Biol Reprod. 2026 Aug 23:ioag178.
- Platelets. 2023 Dec;34(1):2173505. [Abstract]
- Hum Mol Genet. 2019 Oct 15;28(20):3422-3430. [Abstract]
- PLoS One. 2020 Oct 20;15(10):e0240844. [Abstract]
- J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020 Mar;37(3):657-667. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jan 6.
- Patent. US20230111925A1.
- Sci Total Environ. 2021 Sep 20:788:147792. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2020 Jun.
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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IF
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
All Caspase Isoforms
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Biological Activity
Description
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PDE3 |
PKA |
NF-κB |
TLR4 |
NLRP3 |
MyD88 |
iNOS |
COX-2 |
IL-1β |
IL-18 |
TNF-α |
Caspase-1 |
IL-6 |
In Vitro
Milrinone (10-250 μM; 24 h) lactate reduces TNF-α production while moderately increasing IL-1β production in LPS-stimulated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes[9].
Milrinone (25 μM; 1 h) lactate reverses LPS/Aβ-induced upregulation of TLR4, MyD88, and p-p65/p65 in BV-2 mouse microglial cells[8].
Milrinone (1 µM; 10 min) lactate reduces infarct size to 34% in isolated perfused male Wistar rat hearts, compared with 57% in the control group, and Paxilline (HY-N6778) or MPG abolishes this protective effect[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:BV-2 mouse microglial cells
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Concentration:10, 25, 50 μM
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Incubation Time:1 h
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Result:Reduced LPS/Aβ-induced secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.
25 μM was selected for subsequent experiments.
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Cell Line:BV-2 mouse microglial cells
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Concentration:25 μM
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Incubation Time:1 h
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Result:Suppressed LPS/Aβ-induced ASC, NLRP3, active caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels.\nReversed LPS/Aβ-induced upregulation of TLR4, MyD88, and p-p65/p65.
In Vivo
Milrinone (0.2-1 µg/kg/min after a 2-10 µg/kg bolus; intravenous administration; 10 min) lactate reduces pulmonary vascular resistance, systemic vascular resistance, and arterial pressure in male Sprague-Dawley rats with congestive heart failure, but without pulmonary selectivity[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Sprague-Dawley (male; 100 g at aortic banding; 360 g at study)[1]
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Dosage:0.2 mg/mL (3 min); 1 mg/mL (3 min); 5 mg/mL (3 min); 1 mg/mL (single 3-min inhalation); 1 mg/mL (3 min at 0, 20, and 40 min)
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Administration:inhalation; 3 min per inhalation; single or repeated at 0, 20, and 40 min over 60 min
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Result:1 mg/mL decreased pulmonary artery pressure; 1 mg/mL produced a near-maximal reduction in pulmonary artery pressure without a significant arterial pressure effect, and 5 mg/mL did not produce a further meaningful reduction.
At 1 mg/mL, pulmonary vascular resistance decreased by 39.9% and left atrial pressure by 30.14%; arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and systemic vascular resistance did not change; aortic flow was unchanged; the pulmonary-to-systemic vascular resistance ratio decreased.
Mixed venous oxygen saturation changed from 33% to 42%.
A single inhalation reduced pulmonary artery pressure with a minimum at 20 min, followed by return toward baseline; repeated inhalations produced a stable reduction of pulmonary artery pressure over 60 min.
Lung wet/dry weight ratio was 5.23 after single 1 mg/mL inhalation, 5.27 after single inhalation in the repeated-dose protocol, and 4.97 after repeated inhalations.
Echocardiography before and after inhalation showed ejection fraction 88% to 91%, fractional shortening 55% to 57%, left ventricular end-diastolic volume 192 µl to 191 µl, and interventricular septal thickness in diastole 324 µm to 322 µm.
Increased plasma cAMP but not cGMP.
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Animal Model:Sprague-Dawley (male; 100 g at aortic banding; 360 g at study)[1]
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Dosage:0.2 µg/kg/min after a 2 µg/kg bolus for 10 min; 0.5 µg/kg/min after a 5 µg/kg bolus for 10 min; 1 µg/kg/min after a 10 µg/kg bolus for 10 min
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Administration:intravenous; bolus followed by continuous infusion; 10 min
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Result:In dose-response testing, 0.2 and 0.5 µg/kg/min produced lesser reductions in pulmonary artery pressure than 1 µg/kg/min and did not improve pulmonary selectivity.
At 1 µg/kg/min, reduced pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance by 18.96%, and left atrial pressure by 26.03%.
Also reduced arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance by 22.23%.
The pulmonary-to-systemic vascular resistance ratio was not reduced.
Mixed venous oxygen saturation was 37% versus 33% at baseline.
Lung wet/dry weight ratio was 5.17.
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Animal Model:Wistar albino (male, 10-12 weeks old, 300-360 g)[3]
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Dosage:0.5 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; single dose; immediately after testicular torsion induction
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Result:Alleviated testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury following testicular torsion/reduction in rats.
Improved histopathological scores and antioxidant/oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Animal Model:Wistar albino (250-350 g; 30 rats total, 6 per group)[5]
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Dosage:0.25 mg/kg; 0.50 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; daily; for 5 days
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Result:Protected rats from acoustic trauma-induced cochlear damage and apoptosis.
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Animal Model:APP/PS1 transgenic (female, 30 weeks at procurement, 32 weeks at administration)[8]
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Dosage:0.5 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; once daily; 1 month
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Result:In APP/PS1+M mice compared with APP/PS1 mice, passive avoidance dark-compartment entries were reduced and latency was increased.
In the Morris water maze, escape latency was shortened on days 3-4 and platform crossings were increased.
Reduced Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in cortex and hippocampus, reduced Iba-1, reduced p-Tau (T231) and p-Tau (S396), reduced MDA, increased SOD and GSH-Px, and reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in cortex and hippocampus.
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 100286-97-3
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Appearance Solid
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Formula C12H9N3O.xC3H6O3
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Color Off-white to light brown
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SMILES
OC(C)C(O)=O.CC(N1)=C(C2=CC=NC=C2)C=C(C#N)C1=O.[x]
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Synonyms
Win 47203 lactate
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (38)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Science
2022 Nov 18;378(6621):eabq7361. PMID: 36395215 -
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Sci Bull
2025 Aug 11:S2095-9273(25)00813-8. PMID: 40903356 -
Nat Commun
Maternal obesity disrupts epigenetic reprogramming via peroxisomal-dependent phospholipid-methyl uncoupling during zygotic genome activation. [Abstract]2026 Mar 18. PMID: 41851092 -
Nat Commun
2026 Feb 12;17(1):2681. PMID: 41680151 -
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
The Critical Role of Enhanced OXPHOS and Mitochondrial Hyperpolarization in Simulated Microgravity-Induced Oocyte Maturation Arrest. [Abstract]2025 Jul 18:e05570. PMID: 40679065 -
EMBO Mol Med
Biallelic mutations in MOS cause female infertility characterized by human early embryonic arrest and fragmentation. [Abstract]2021 Dec 7;13(12):e14887. PMID: 34779126
Milrinone lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: EMBO Mol Med. 2021 Dec 7;13(12):e14887. [Abstract]
GV oocytes were cultured in M2 medium with Milrinone (2.5 µM; 24 h) to prevent oocyte from undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD).
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Cell Rep
NLRP14 deficiency causes female infertility with oocyte maturation defects and early embryonic arrest by impairing cytoplasmic UHRF1 abundance. [Abstract]2023 Dec 6;42(12):113531. PMID: 38060382
Milrinone lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2023 Dec 6;42(12):113531. [Abstract]
GV oocytes were cultured in M2 medium with Milrinone (2.5 mM; 24 h) for mRNA translation. Immunofluorescent staining showed expression of FLAG (green) and UHRF1 (red) in oocytes after injection of NC (control) and different NLRP14 mRNAs. The relative expression level of UHRF1 was measured.
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Hum Reprod
Pathogenic variants in DLGAP5 cause female infertility characterized by oocyte maturation arrest and embryonic arrest. [Abstract]2025 Sep 1;40(9):1773-1785. PMID: 40639803 -
Hum Reprod
2022 Jul 30;37(8):1932-1944. PMID: 35670744 -
J Agric Food Chem
Maternal Zearalenone Exposure Affects Gut Microbiota and Follicular Development in Suckled Offspring. [Abstract]2022 Dec 14;70(49):15570-15582. PMID: 36514903
Milrinone lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Dec 14;70(49):15570-15582. [Abstract]
The ovaries of mice were minced, and the naked oocytes (germinal vesicle (GV) stage) were removed under the microscope and washed three times in M2 medium containing 1/1000 Milrinone (2.5 μM).
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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
VigorBaby dietary supplement administration to mice during pregnancy and lactation alleviated ovarian disorders induced by Zearalenone in offsprings. [Abstract]2025 Jun 15:298:118264. PMID: 40334536 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Melatonin improves mouse oocyte quality from 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate-induced toxicity by enhancing mitochondrial function. [Abstract]2024 Jul 15:280:116559. PMID: 38865937 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Nicotinamide mononucleotide maintains cytoskeletal stability and fortifies mitochondrial function to mitigate oocyte damage induced by Triocresyl phosphate. [Abstract]2024 Apr 15:275:116264. PMID: 38564869 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
1-Nitropyrene exposure induces mitochondria dysfunction and impairs oocyte maturation in mice. [Abstract]2022 Sep 1:242:113921. PMID: 35908531 -
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Genetics
Double-strand breaks induce short-scale DNA replication and damage amplification in the fully grown mouse oocytes. [Abstract]2021 Jun 24;218(2):iyab054. PMID: 33792683 -
EMBO Rep
The E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor KLHL8 targets ZAR1 to regulate maternal mRNA degradation in oocytes. [Abstract]2025 Jul 28. PMID: 40721554
Milrinone lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: EMBO Rep. 2025 Jul 28. [Abstract]
The GV oocytes from WT and Klhl8oo−/− female mice were cultured in M2 medium with Milrinone (2.5 μM) after Klhl8 mRNA microinjection (1000 ng/μL). Representative images of GV oocytes and maturation oocytes from WT and Klhl8oo−/− mice with or without Klhl8 mRNA injection were shown.
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Int J Mol Sci
Salicylate Sodium Suppresses Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Production by Directly Inhibiting Phosphodiesterase 3B in TNF-α-Stimulated Adipocytes. [Abstract]2022 Dec 24;24(1):320. PMID: 36613764 -
BMC Biol
CDK1 mediates the metabolic regulation of DNA double-strand break repair in metaphase II oocytes. [Abstract]2025 Feb 6;23(1):37. PMID: 39915808 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Loss of function variant in CIP2A associated with female infertility with early embryonic arrest and fragmentation. [Abstract]2024 May 9;1870(6):167228. PMID: 38734318 -
FASEB J
Reverse Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Declining Quality of Oocytes With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. [Abstract]2025 Jul 31;39(14):e70846. PMID: 40678956 -
FASEB J
2022 Jun;36(6):e22357. PMID: 35593531 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res
Amlexanox exerts anti-inflammatory actions by targeting phosphodiesterase 4B in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. [Abstract]2020 Oct;1867(10):118766. PMID: 32504661 -
Mol Hum Reprod
Single-cell metabolomics reveals that bisphosphoglycerate mutase influences oocyte maturation through glucose metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Apr 3;31(2):gaaf009. PMID: 40323314 -
J Cell Physiol
2019 Aug;234(8):14339-14350. PMID: 30633354 -
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Platelets
2023 Dec;34(1):2173505. PMID: 36813739 -
Hum Mol Genet
The repair of endo/exogenous DNA double-strand breaks and its effects on meiotic chromosome segregation in oocytes. [Abstract]2019 Oct 15;28(20):3422-3430. PMID: 31384951 -
PLoS One
Cruciform DNA in mouse growing oocytes: Its dynamics and its relationship with DNA transcription. [Abstract]2020 Oct 20;15(10):e0240844. PMID: 33079963 -
J Assist Reprod Genet
ADAMTS1 and HSPG2 mRNA levels in cumulus cells are related to human oocyte quality and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation outcomes. [Abstract]2020 Mar;37(3):657-667. PMID: 31974739 -
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Sci Total Environ
Maternal Zearalenone exposure impacted ovarian follicle formation and development of suckled offspring. [Abstract]2021 Sep 20:788:147792. PMID: 34134368 -
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL; Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL; Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (305 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Milrinone lactate Related Classifications
HY-14252A Related Classifications
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Keywords
- Milrinone
- 100286-97-3
- Win 47203
- Win47203
- Win-47203
- Phosphodiesterase (PDE)
- PKA
- NF-κB
- Toll-like Receptor (TLR)
- MyD88
- NOD-like Receptor (NLR)
- Apoptosis
- NO Synthase
- COX
- Interleukin Related
- TNF Receptor
- Caspase
- Protein kinase A
- Nuclear factor-κB
- Nuclear factor-kappaB
- Nitric oxide synthases
- NOS
- Cyclooxygenase
- IL
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor
- TNFR
- NLRP3 inflammasome
- PDE3 inhibitor
- PKA signaling
- TLR4/MyD88
- cAMP hydrolysis
- ischemia/reperfusion injury
- mBKCa channel
- mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- reactive oxygen species
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit